Linux 平台安装Oracle Database 12c
2017-11-30 10:31
417 查看
)下载Oracle Database 12cRelease 1安装介质
官方的下载地址:
1:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html
2:https://edelivery.oracle.com/EPD/Download/get_form?egroup_aru_number=16496132
URL地址2需要先注册,然后才能登陆下载,注册登陆界面https://edelivery.oracle.com
修改前最后先备份一下/etc/sysctl.conf,以防万一。
[root@getoraclelnx01 ~]# cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.bak
[root@getoraclelnx01 ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf 添加或修改下面参数
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 6029312
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem =250 32000 100 128
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =9000 65500
fs.file-max=65536
fs.aio-max-nr=1048576
kernel.shmall =physical RAM size / pagesize (getconf PAGESIZE) -- If the defaults are greater then leave it.
kernel.shmall = 内存大小/4k=23G*1024*1024/4k = 6029312
kernel.shmmax = 20*1024*1024=20971520 而默认的为68719476736,那么使用默认值
修改完成后保存,然后运行sysctl -p 命令使之生效
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13184916-3df5a60d7cf84da5bae94195c1d128df.gif)
4.5 设置用户限制
在/etc/security/limits.conf中添加如下配置。
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 10240
Add the following line to the "/etc/pam.d/login" file,
if it does not already exist.
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
Add the following to
/etc/profile if Oracle user will use the bash shell.
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
ulimit -u 16384
ulimit -n 65536
fi
4.6 配置环境变量
首先切换到oracle账户 ,编辑修改主目录下 .bash_profile
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13184916-ec40a320efd743b38bf52feb24c6f7e0.gif)
TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=epps; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
使配置生效
[oracle@getoraclelnx01 ~]$ source .bash_profile
[oracle@getoraclelnx01 ~]$
解压安装镜像文件
[oracle@getoraclelnx01 tmp]$ unzip V38500-01_1of2.zip
[oracle@getoraclelnx01 tmp]$ unzip V38500-01_2of2.zip
安装步骤截图
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13184920-43ab19c629204932981612366604b217.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13184922-1100a95967c54c658e65108866468072.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13184929-32b725b1f22d4cd9a914dbc4850f7132.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13184934-7a47123c03074733b0fc99da25c2939b.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13184940-7781957f21514b3fadd186234e490ed8.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13184944-4ba1a6589d1941c4824198edcdb3830e.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13184946-a624fd6269774e71ae529843e5f30326.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13184949-d8634927cabe40c2b157152d76a7b181.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13184952-6c5432f674454839960858e28a081996.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13184955-fbe58572176f457e877dc25acc29c415.gif)
在这一步时,无法继续,因为oracle账户无法创建oraInventory目录,所以必须先创建该用户并授权
[root@getoraclelnx01 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
[root@getoraclelnx01 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory
[root@getoraclelnx01 ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oraInventory
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13184958-ca182fe40dd242fd98ca7207b73f40c5.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185000-b5e8dfdc350448bd87c39c31b8d2a75e.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185003-e96850abb18f435886e0c2aca62e628f.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185006-e0fec34c869a4dae8f90b1a2cb4ee6fd.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185009-0c16865cf3bf41d6b4ca908a7363832e.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185012-0dc34357dbd647068f4fc75224374706.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185015-87010a570dd74273a41fd00b723cb9c7.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185019-0faf51e14eb44dada771d7e356ccf56e.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185024-3ecafa4a7dac48f89d724ec3d39d4ec7.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185031-536829d77acd4ceaa927832ad57fa939.gif)
验证参数时,fs.file-max设置为65536,但是ORACLE推荐使用68157744,net.core.wmem_max大小为262144,oracle 推荐使用1048576,修改内核参数,运行sysctl -p使之生效。然后重新验证通过
[root@getoraclelnx01 ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 6029312
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
[root@getoraclelnx01 ~]#
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185036-d5e9226f9805432cb5cfb3948166bd9f.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185039-6dcc2fa40e3f44ca80dfb2a38eeb8dd3.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185042-71009eaf302d4a8cb71e4303406716e1.gif)
运行过程会提示让你用root账户执行2个脚本,你将脚本的文件拿下来,在root账户下执行即可。
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185046-2ff6307dffb7440d9fb6cf392b8cb869.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185048-d320f68817a540a5bf6ed0c28049adbd.gif)
[参考资料]:
Database Quick Installation Guide for Linux x86-64 e17718.pdf
http://blog.csdn.net/lnwf5188588/article/details/8779001
http://www.cnblogs.com/kerrycode/p/3319958.html
官方的下载地址:
1:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html
2:https://edelivery.oracle.com/EPD/Download/get_form?egroup_aru_number=16496132
URL地址2需要先注册,然后才能登陆下载,注册登陆界面https://edelivery.oracle.com
kernel.shmmax 关于内核参数kernel.shmmax,oracle 建议,kernel.shmmax的值不能少于物理内存的一半,而且要大于Oracle中sga-max-size的值,否则会造成oracle性能下降 一般32bit操作系统,直接设置为系统支持的最大内存即可,64bit操作系统设置大于sga-max-size的值即可 如:当前内存为2G 则kernel.shmmax = 2*1024*1024=2097152 当前内存为8G则 kernel.shmmax = 7*1024*1024=7340032 Kernel.shmall Shmall指系统一次可以使用的共享内存段的最大数量,以页为单位。Oracle默认设置为 kernel.shmall = 2097152 即最大8G(2097152*4/1024/1024),(在调整SGA时需要注意,SGA大小设置不可超过该值),根据系统内存大小和使用的不同可以参考如下:设置的一般规律 kernel.shmall = 8G/4k=8388608k/4k=2097152 ---内存8G kernel.shmall = 16G/4k=16777216k/4k=4194304 ---内存16G kernel.shmall = 32G/4k=33554432k/4k=8388608 ---内存32G (RedHat linux系统中页大小为4096即4K,实际环境以getconf PAGE_SIZE结果为准) kernel.shmmni shmmni 指系统共享内存段的最大数量 oracle设置默认值为4096,一般是足够用了,不需要调整 文件句柄数的相关内核参数设置 fs.file-max fs.file-max指系统能够打开最大的文件句柄数 oracle建议设置为65536,一般不用修改 信号的相关内核参数设置 kernel.sem kernel.sem是指 semmsl,semmns,semopm,semmni这4个参数 semmsl 指每个线号集的最大信号数,Oracle建议是设置为oracle的最大进程数+10 semmni 指整个系统的信号集的最大数量 semmns 指整个系统的信号总数,也就是semmni*semmsl的结果 semopm 指每个semop系统调用可以执行的信号操作的最大数量 oracle默认设置 semmsl=250 semmns=3200 semopm=100 semmni=128 即kernel.sem= 250 3200 100 128 例:在oracle ora.init文件参数中设置PROCESSES参数为5000 则semmsl=5010,semmni=128,semmns=semmsl* semmni=641280 另外semopm建议设置等于semmsl值即5010 那么kernel.sem=5010 641280 5010 128 网络相关的内核参数设置 net.core.rmem_default net.core.rmem_default 指网络套接字的默认接收缓冲区的大小,oracle建议设置为265K即262144 net.core.rmem_max net.core.rmem_max 指网络套接字的最大接收缓冲区的大小,oracle10g及以前版本建议设置为256k即262144 oracle11g建议设置为4M 即4194304 net.core.wmem_default net.core.wmem_default指网络套接字的默认发送缓冲区的大小,oracle建议设置为265K即262144 net.core.wmem_max net.core.wmem_max 指网络套接字的最大发送缓冲区的大小,oracle10g及以前版本建议设置为256k即262144 oracle11g建议设置为1M即1048576 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range ,指本地的允许打开随机端口范围 oracle10g前建议端口范围为1024 65000,oracle11g建议端口范围为: 9000 65500 并忽略oracle安装程序任何关于这个参数的警告 Asynchronous I/O相关的内核参数设置 fs.aio-max-nr fs.aio-max-nr 指系统允许的最大的异步IO请求大小 oracle默认设置为1M即1048576,一般不用更改
修改前最后先备份一下/etc/sysctl.conf,以防万一。
[root@getoraclelnx01 ~]# cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.bak
[root@getoraclelnx01 ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf 添加或修改下面参数
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 6029312
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem =250 32000 100 128
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =9000 65500
fs.file-max=65536
fs.aio-max-nr=1048576
kernel.shmall =physical RAM size / pagesize (getconf PAGESIZE) -- If the defaults are greater then leave it.
kernel.shmall = 内存大小/4k=23G*1024*1024/4k = 6029312
kernel.shmmax = 20*1024*1024=20971520 而默认的为68719476736,那么使用默认值
修改完成后保存,然后运行sysctl -p 命令使之生效
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13184916-3df5a60d7cf84da5bae94195c1d128df.gif)
4.5 设置用户限制
在/etc/security/limits.conf中添加如下配置。
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 10240
Add the following line to the "/etc/pam.d/login" file,
if it does not already exist.
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
Add the following to
/etc/profile if Oracle user will use the bash shell.
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
ulimit -u 16384
ulimit -n 65536
fi
4.6 配置环境变量
首先切换到oracle账户 ,编辑修改主目录下 .bash_profile
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13184916-ec40a320efd743b38bf52feb24c6f7e0.gif)
TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=epps; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
使配置生效
[oracle@getoraclelnx01 ~]$ source .bash_profile
[oracle@getoraclelnx01 ~]$
解压安装镜像文件
[oracle@getoraclelnx01 tmp]$ unzip V38500-01_1of2.zip
[oracle@getoraclelnx01 tmp]$ unzip V38500-01_2of2.zip
安装步骤截图
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13184920-43ab19c629204932981612366604b217.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13184922-1100a95967c54c658e65108866468072.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13184929-32b725b1f22d4cd9a914dbc4850f7132.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13184934-7a47123c03074733b0fc99da25c2939b.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13184940-7781957f21514b3fadd186234e490ed8.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13184944-4ba1a6589d1941c4824198edcdb3830e.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13184946-a624fd6269774e71ae529843e5f30326.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13184949-d8634927cabe40c2b157152d76a7b181.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13184952-6c5432f674454839960858e28a081996.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13184955-fbe58572176f457e877dc25acc29c415.gif)
在这一步时,无法继续,因为oracle账户无法创建oraInventory目录,所以必须先创建该用户并授权
[root@getoraclelnx01 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
[root@getoraclelnx01 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory
[root@getoraclelnx01 ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oraInventory
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13184958-ca182fe40dd242fd98ca7207b73f40c5.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185000-b5e8dfdc350448bd87c39c31b8d2a75e.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185003-e96850abb18f435886e0c2aca62e628f.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185006-e0fec34c869a4dae8f90b1a2cb4ee6fd.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185009-0c16865cf3bf41d6b4ca908a7363832e.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185012-0dc34357dbd647068f4fc75224374706.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185015-87010a570dd74273a41fd00b723cb9c7.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185019-0faf51e14eb44dada771d7e356ccf56e.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185024-3ecafa4a7dac48f89d724ec3d39d4ec7.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185031-536829d77acd4ceaa927832ad57fa939.gif)
验证参数时,fs.file-max设置为65536,但是ORACLE推荐使用68157744,net.core.wmem_max大小为262144,oracle 推荐使用1048576,修改内核参数,运行sysctl -p使之生效。然后重新验证通过
[root@getoraclelnx01 ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 6029312
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
[root@getoraclelnx01 ~]#
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185036-d5e9226f9805432cb5cfb3948166bd9f.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185039-6dcc2fa40e3f44ca80dfb2a38eeb8dd3.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185042-71009eaf302d4a8cb71e4303406716e1.gif)
运行过程会提示让你用root账户执行2个脚本,你将脚本的文件拿下来,在root账户下执行即可。
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185046-2ff6307dffb7440d9fb6cf392b8cb869.gif)
![](https://images0.cnblogs.com/blog/73542/201309/13185048-d320f68817a540a5bf6ed0c28049adbd.gif)
[参考资料]:
Database Quick Installation Guide for Linux x86-64 e17718.pdf
http://blog.csdn.net/lnwf5188588/article/details/8779001
http://www.cnblogs.com/kerrycode/p/3319958.html
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