Java微信开发(通过java程序获取用户个人信息)
2017-11-27 13:36
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在关注者与公众号产生消息交互后,公众号可获得关注者的OpenID(加密后的微信号,每个用户对每个公众号的OpenID是唯一的。对于不同公众号,同一用户的openid不同)。
公众号可通过本接口来根据OpenID获取用户基本信息,包括昵称、头像、性别、所在城市、语言和关注时间。
开发者可通过OpenID来获取用户基本信息。请使用https协议。
我们可以看看官方的文档:获取用户的基本信息。
接口调用请求说明
参数说明
返回说明
正常情况下,微信会返回下述JSON数据包给公众号:
参数说明
错误时微信会返回错误码等信息,JSON数据包示例如下(该示例为AppID无效错误):
根据上面的信息,我们定义一个用户信息类来存放用户的基本信息。
[java] view plain copy print?package com.howin.pojo;
/**
* 类名: WeixinUserInfo </br>
* 描述: 微信用户的基本信息 </br>
* 开发人员: howin </br>
* 创建时间: 2016-08-19 </br>
* 发布版本:V1.0 </br>
*/
public class WeixinUserInfo {
// 用户的标识
private String openId;
// 关注状态(1是关注,0是未关注),未关注时获取不到其余信息
private int subscribe;
// 用户关注时间,为时间戳。如果用户曾多次关注,则取最后关注时间
private String subscribeTime;
// 昵称
private String nickname;
// 用户的性别(1是男性,2是女性,0是未知)
private int sex;
// 用户所在国家
private String country;
// 用户所在省份
private String province;
// 用户所在城市
private String city;
// 用户的语言,简体中文为zh_CN
private String language;
// 用户头像
private String headImgUrl;
public String getOpenId() {
return openId;
}
public void setOpenId(String openId) {
this.openId = openId;
}
public int getSubscribe() {
return subscribe;
}
public void setSubscribe(int subscribe) {
this.subscribe = subscribe;
}
public String getSubscribeTime() {
return subscribeTime;
}
public void setSubscribeTime(String subscribeTime) {
this.subscribeTime = subscribeTime;
}
public String getNickname() {
return nickname;
}
public void setNickname(String nickname) {
this.nickname = nickname;
}
public int getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(int sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public String getCountry() {
return country;
}
public void setCountry(String country) {
this.country = country;
}
public String getProvince() {
return province;
}
public void setProvince(String province) {
this.province = province;
}
public String getCity() {
return city;
}
public void setCity(String city) {
this.city = city;
}
public String getLanguage() {
return language;
}
public void setLanguage(String language) {
this.language = language;
}
public String getHeadImgUrl() {
return headImgUrl;
}
public void setHeadImgUrl(String headImgUrl) {
this.headImgUrl = headImgUrl;
}
}
我们先来看看获取用户信息的接口:
根据分析,获取用户的基本信息需要一个token。
[java] view plain copy print?package com.howin.pojo; /** * 类名: TOKEN </br> * 描述: 凭证 </br> * 开发人员: howin </br> * 创建时间: 2016-08-19 </br> * 发布版本:V1.0 </br> */ public class Token { // 接口访问凭证֤ private String accessToken; // 凭证有效期单位:second private int expiresIn; public String getAccessToken() { return accessToken; } public void setAccessToken(String accessToken) { this.accessToken = accessToken; } public int getExpiresIn() { return expiresIn; } public void setExpiresIn(int expiresIn) { this.expiresIn = expiresIn; } }
https请求,需要的信任管理器
[java] view plain copy print?package com.howin.util; import java.security.cert.CertificateException; import java.security.cert.X509Certificate; import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager; /** * 类名: MyX509TrustManager </br> * 描述:信任管理器 </br> * 开发人员: howin </br> * 创建时间: 2016-08-19 </br> * 发布版本:V1.0 </br> */ /* * 证书管理器的作用是让它新人我们指定的证书, * 此类中的代码意味着信任所有的证书,不管是不是权威机构颁发的。 */ public class MyX509TrustManager implements X509TrustManager { // 检查客户端证书 public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException { } // 检查服务器端证书 public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException { } // 返回受信任的X509证书数组 public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() { return null; } }
封装了一个公共类:[java] view plain copy print?package com.howin.util;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import net.sf.json.JSONException;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import com.howin.pojo.Menu;
import com.howin.pojo.Token;
/**
* 类名: CommonUtil </br>
* 描述: 通用工具类 </br>
* 开发人员: howin </br>
* 创建时间: 2016-08-19 </br>
* 发布版本:V1.0 </br>
*/
public class CommonUtil {
private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CommonUtil.class);
private static long tokenTime = 0;
private static long jsTicketTime = 0;
private static Token token = null;
private static String ticket = null;
// 凭证获取(GET)
public final static String token_url = “https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET”;
/**
* 发送https请求
*
* @param requestUrl 请求地址
* @param requestMethod 请求方式(GET、POST)
* @param outputStr 提交的数据
* @return JSONObject(通过JSONObject.get(key)的方式获取json对象的属性值)
*/
public static JSONObject httpsRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) {
JSONObject jsonObject = null;
try {
// 创建SSLContext对象,并使用我们指定的信任管理器初始化
TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() };
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance(”SSL”, “SunJSSE”);
sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom());
// 从上述SSLContext对象中得到SSLSocketFactory对象
SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory();
URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true);
conn.setUseCaches(false);
// 设置请求方式(GET/POST)
conn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
// 当outputStr不为null时向输出流写数据
if (null != outputStr) {
OutputStream outputStream = conn.getOutputStream();
// 注意编码格式
outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes(”UTF-8”));
outputStream.close();
}
// 从输入流读取返回内容
InputStream inputStream = conn.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, “utf-8”);
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
String str = null;
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
buffer.append(str);
}
// 释放资源
bufferedReader.close();
inputStreamReader.close();
inputStream.close();
inputStream = null;
conn.disconnect();
jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString());
} catch (ConnectException ce) {
log.error(”连接超时:{}”, ce);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error(”https请求异常:{}”, e);
}
return jsonObject;
}
/**
* 获取接口访问凭证
*
* @param appid 凭证
* @param appsecret 密钥
* @return
*/
public static Token getToken(String appid, String appsecret) {
// 第三方用户唯一凭证
appid = ”wx7504778ec4f99579”;
// 第三方用户唯一凭证密钥
appsecret = ”b77fba754559304c833a258f4a6f1853”;
long now = new Date().getTime();
if(tokenTime!=0&&now-tokenTime<7000000){//token有效时间 7e6 毫秒
return token;
}
String requestUrl = token_url.replace(”APPID”, appid).replace(“APPSECRET”, appsecret);
// 发起GET请求获取凭证
JSONObject jsonObject = httpsRequest(requestUrl, ”GET”, null);
if (null != jsonObject) {
try {
token = new Token();
token.setAccessToken(jsonObject.getString(”access_token”));
token.setExpiresIn(jsonObject.getInt(”expires_in”));
tokenTime = now;
} catch (JSONException e) {
token = null;
// 获取token失败
log.error(”获取token失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}”, jsonObject.getInt(“errcode”), jsonObject.getString(“errmsg”));
}
}
return token;
}
/**
* 获取jsapi_ticket访问凭证
* */
public static String getJsTicket(){
long now = new Date().getTime();
if(jsTicketTime!=0&&now-jsTicketTime<7000000){//token有效时间 7e6 毫秒
return ticket;
}
//得到token
String accessToken = getToken(null,null).getAccessToken();
//GET方法获得jsapi_ticket
String requestUrl = ”https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&type=jsapi”
.replace(”ACCESS_TOKEN”,accessToken);
// 发起GET请求获取凭证
JSONObject jsonObject = httpsRequest(requestUrl, ”GET”, null);
if(jsonObject!=null){
ticket = jsonObject.getString(”ticket”);
jsTicketTime = now;
}
return ticket;
}
/**
* URL编码(utf-8)
*
* @param source
* @return
*/
public static String urlEncodeUTF8(String source) {
String result = source;
try {
result = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(source, ”utf-8”);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
/**
* 根据内容类型判断文件扩展名
*
* @param contentType 内容类型
* @return
*/
public static String getFileExt(String contentType) {
String fileExt = ”“;
if (“image/jpeg”.equals(contentType))
fileExt = ”.jpg”;
else if (“audio/mpeg”.equals(contentType))
fileExt = ”.mp3”;
else if (“audio/amr”.equals(contentType))
fileExt = ”.amr”;
else if (“video/mp4”.equals(contentType))
fileExt = ”.mp4”;
else if (“video/mpeg4”.equals(contentType))
fileExt = ”.mp4”;
return fileExt;
}
// 菜单创建(POST) 限100(次/天)
public static String menu_create_url = “https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/menu/create?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN”;
/**
* 创建菜单
*
* @param menu 菜单实例
* @param accessToken 有效的access_token
* @return 0表示成功,其他值表示失败
*/
public static int createMenu(Menu menu, String accessToken) {
int result = 0;
// 拼装创建菜单的url
String url = menu_create_url.replace(”ACCESS_TOKEN”, accessToken);
// 将菜单对象转换成json字符串
String jsonMenu = JSONObject.fromObject(menu).toString();
// 调用接口创建菜单
JSONObject jsonObject = httpsRequest(url, ”POST”, jsonMenu);
System.out.println(jsonMenu);
if (null != jsonObject) {
if (0 != jsonObject.getInt(“errcode”)) {
result = jsonObject.getInt(”errcode”);
log.error(”创建菜单失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}”, jsonObject.getInt(“errcode”), jsonObject.getString(“errmsg”));
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* 对Map数组进行排序
* */
public static String FormatQueryParaMap(HashMap<String, String> parameters) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
String buff = ”“;
List<Map.Entry<String, String>> infoIds = new ArrayList<Map.Entry<String, String>>(
parameters.entrySet());
Collections.sort(infoIds, new Comparator<Map.Entry<String, String>>() {
public int compare(Map.Entry<String, String> o1,
Map.Entry<String, String> o2) {
return (o1.getKey()).toString().compareTo(o2.getKey());
}
});
for (int i = 0; i < infoIds.size(); i++) {
Map.Entry<String, String> item = infoIds.get(i);
if (item.getKey() != “”) {
// buff += item.getKey() + ”=”+ URLEncoder.encode(item.getValue(), “utf-8”) + ”&”;
buff += item.getKey() + ”=”+ item.getValue() + “&”;
}
}
if (buff.isEmpty() == false) {
buff = buff.substring(0, buff.length() - 1);
}
return buff;
}
/**
* 生成32位随机字符串
* */
public static String CreateNoncestr() {
String chars = ”abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789”;
String res = ”“;
for (int i = 0; i <16; i++) {
Random rd = new Random();
res += chars.charAt(rd.nextInt(chars.length() - 1));
}
return res;
}
/**
* SHA1加密
* */
public final static String Sha1(String s) {
char hexDigits[]={‘0’, ‘1’, ‘2’, ‘3’, ‘4’, ‘5’, ‘6’, ‘7’, ‘8’, ‘9’, ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘d’, ‘e’, ‘f’ };
try {
byte[] btInput = s.getBytes();
// 获得MD5摘要算法的 MessageDigest 对象
MessageDigest mdInst = MessageDigest.getInstance(”sha-1”);
// 使用指定的字节更新摘要
mdInst.update(btInput);
// 获得密文
byte[] md = mdInst.digest();
// 把密文转换成十六进制的字符串形式
int j = md.length;
char str[] = new char[j * 2];
int k = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < j; i++) {
byte byte0 = md[i];
str[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 >>> 4 & 0xf];
str[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 & 0xf];
}
return new String(str);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
}
获取用户基本信息的方法,写一个测试类直接运行次程序:
[java] view plain copy print?package com.howin.weixin.test;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.List;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import net.sf.json.JSONArray;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import com.howin.weixin.pojo.SNSUserInfo;
import com.howin.weixin.pojo.WeixinOauth2Token;
import com.howin.weixin.pojo.WeixinUserInfo;
import com.howin.weixin.util.CommonUtil;
import com.howin.weixin.util.MyX509TrustManager;
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[]) {
// 获取接口访问凭证
String accessToken = CommonUtil.getToken(”自己的appid”, “自己的密钥”).getAccessToken();
/**
* 获取用户信息
*/
WeixinUserInfo user = getUserInfo(accessToken, ”这里写关注用户的openid”);
//做这个测试的时候可以先关注,或者取消关注,控制台会打印出来此用户的openid
System.out.println(”OpenID:” + user.getOpenId());
System.out.println(”关注状态:” + user.getSubscribe());
System.out.println(”关注时间:” + user.getSubscribeTime());
System.out.println(”昵称:” + user.getNickname());
System.out.println(”性别:” + user.getSex());
System.out.println(”国家:” + user.getCountry());
System.out.println(”省份:” + user.getProvince());
System.out.println(”城市:” + user.getCity());
System.out.println(”语言:” + user.getLanguage());
System.out.println(”头像:” + user.getHeadImgUrl());
}
/**
* 获取用户信息
*
* @param accessToken 接口访问凭证
* @param openId 用户标识
* @return WeixinUserInfo
*/
public static WeixinUserInfo getUserInfo(String accessToken, String openId) {
WeixinUserInfo weixinUserInfo = null;
// 拼接请求地址
String requestUrl = ”https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID”;
requestUrl = requestUrl.replace(”ACCESS_TOKEN”, accessToken).replace(“OPENID”, openId);
// 获取用户信息
JSONObject jsonObject = CommonUtil.httpsRequest(requestUrl, ”GET”, null);
if (null != jsonObject) {
try {
weixinUserInfo = new WeixinUserInfo();
// 用户的标识
weixinUserInfo.setOpenId(jsonObject.getString(”openid”));
// 关注状态(1是关注,0是未关注),未关注时获取不到其余信息
weixinUserInfo.setSubscribe(jsonObject.getInt(”subscribe”));
// 用户关注时间
weixinUserInfo.setSubscribeTime(jsonObject.getString(”subscribe_time”));
// 昵称
weixinUserInfo.setNickname(jsonObject.getString(”nickname”));
// 用户的性别(1是男性,2是女性,0是未知)
weixinUserInfo.setSex(jsonObject.getInt(”sex”));
// 用户所在国家
weixinUserInfo.setCountry(jsonObject.getString(”country”));
// 用户所在省份
weixinUserInfo.setProvince(jsonObject.getString(”province”));
// 用户所在城市
weixinUserInfo.setCity(jsonObject.getString(”city”));
// 用户的语言,简体中文为zh_CN
weixinUserInfo.setLanguage(jsonObject.getString(”language”));
// 用户头像
weixinUserInfo.setHeadImgUrl(jsonObject.getString(”headimgurl”));
} catch (Exception e) {
if (0 == weixinUserInfo.getSubscribe()) {
System.err.printf(”用户{}已取消关注”, weixinUserInfo.getOpenId());
} else {
int errorCode = jsonObject.getInt(“errcode”);
String errorMsg = jsonObject.getString(”errmsg”);
System.err.printf(”获取用户信息失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}”, errorCode, errorMsg);
}
}
}
return weixinUserInfo;
}
/**
* 获取网页授权凭证
*
* @param appId 公众账号的唯一标识
* @param appSecret 公众账号的密钥
* @param code
* @return WeixinAouth2Token
*/
public static WeixinOauth2Token getOauth2AccessToken(String appId, String appSecret, String code) {
WeixinOauth2Token wat = null;
// 拼接请求地址
String requestUrl = ”https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=APPID&secret=SECRET&code=CODE&grant_type=authorization_code”;
requestUrl = requestUrl.replace(”APPID”, appId);
requestUrl = requestUrl.replace(”SECRET”, appSecret);
requestUrl = requestUrl.replace(”CODE”, code);
// 获取网页授权凭证
JSONObject jsonObject = CommonUtil.httpsRequest(requestUrl, ”GET”, null);
if (null != jsonObject) {
try {
wat = new WeixinOauth2Token();
wat.setAccessToken(jsonObject.getString(”access_token”));
wat.setExpiresIn(jsonObject.getInt(”expires_in”));
wat.setRefreshToken(jsonObject.getString(”refresh_token”));
wat.setOpenId(jsonObject.getString(”openid”));
wat.setScope(jsonObject.getString(”scope”));
} catch (Exception e) {
wat = null;
int errorCode = jsonObject.getInt(“errcode”);
String errorMsg = jsonObject.getString(”errmsg”);
System.err.printf(”获取网页授权凭证失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}”, errorCode, errorMsg);
}
}
return wat;
}
/**
* 通过网页授权获取用户信息
*
* @param accessToken 网页授权接口调用凭证
* @param openId 用户标识
* @return SNSUserInfo
*/
@SuppressWarnings( { “deprecation”, “unchecked” })
public static SNSUserInfo getSNSUserInfo(String accessToken, String openId) {
SNSUserInfo snsUserInfo = null;
// 拼接请求地址
String requestUrl = ”https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID”;
requestUrl = requestUrl.replace(”ACCESS_TOKEN”, accessToken).replace(“OPENID”, openId);
// 通过网页授权获取用户信息
JSONObject jsonObject = CommonUtil.httpsRequest(requestUrl, ”GET”, null);
if (null != jsonObject) {
try {
snsUserInfo = new SNSUserInfo();
// 用户的标识
snsUserInfo.setOpenId(jsonObject.getString(”openid”));
// 昵称
snsUserInfo.setNickname(jsonObject.getString(”nickname”));
// 性别(1是男性,2是女性,0是未知)
snsUserInfo.setSex(jsonObject.getInt(”sex”));
// 用户所在国家
snsUserInfo.setCountry(jsonObject.getString(”country”));
// 用户所在省份
snsUserInfo.setProvince(jsonObject.getString(”province”));
// 用户所在城市
snsUserInfo.setCity(jsonObject.getString(”city”));
// 用户头像
snsUserInfo.setHeadImgUrl(jsonObject.getString(”headimgurl”));
// 用户特权信息
snsUserInfo.setPrivilegeList(JSONArray.toList(jsonObject.getJSONArray(”privilege”), List.class));
} catch (Exception e) {
snsUserInfo = null;
int errorCode = jsonObject.getInt(“errcode”);
String errorMsg = jsonObject.getString(”errmsg”);
System.err.printf(”获取用户信息失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}”, errorCode, errorMsg);
}
}
return snsUserInfo;
}
/**
* 发送https请求
*
* @param requestUrl 请求地址
* @param requestMethod 请求方式(GET、POST)
* @param outputStr 提交的数据
* @return JSONObject(通过JSONObject.get(key)的方式获取json对象的属性值)
*/
public static JSONObject httpsRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) {
JSONObject jsonObject = null;
try {
// 创建SSLContext对象,并使用我们指定的信任管理器初始化
TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() };
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance(”SSL”, “SunJSSE”);
sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom());
// 从上述SSLContext对象中得到SSLSocketFactory对象
SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory();
URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true);
conn.setUseCaches(false);
// 设置请求方式(GET/POST)
conn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
// 当outputStr不为null时向输出流写数据
if (null != outputStr) {
OutputStream outputStream = conn.getOutputStream();
// 注意编码格式
outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes(”UTF-8”));
outputStream.close();
}
// 从输入流读取返回内容
InputStream inputStream = conn.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, “utf-8”);
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
String str = null;
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
buffer.append(str);
}
// 释放资源
bufferedReader.close();
inputStreamReader.close();
inputStream.close();
inputStream = null;
conn.disconnect();
jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString());
} catch (ConnectException ce) {
System.err.printf(”连接超时:{}”, ce);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.printf(”https请求异常:{}”, e);
}
return jsonObject;
}
/**
* URL编码(utf-8)
*
* @param source
* @return
*/
public static String urlEncodeUTF8(String source) {
String result = source;
try {
result = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(source, ”utf-8”);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
}
公众号可通过本接口来根据OpenID获取用户基本信息,包括昵称、头像、性别、所在城市、语言和关注时间。
开发者可通过OpenID来获取用户基本信息。请使用https协议。
我们可以看看官方的文档:获取用户的基本信息。
接口调用请求说明
http请求方式: GET https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID&lang=zh_CN
参数说明
参数 | 是否必须 | 说明 |
---|---|---|
access_token | 是 | 调用接口凭证 |
openid | 是 | 普通用户的标识,对当前公众号唯一 |
lang | 否 | 返回国家地区语言版本,zh_CN 简体,zh_TW 繁体,en 英语 |
正常情况下,微信会返回下述JSON数据包给公众号:
{ "subscribe": 1, "openid": "o6_bmjrPTlm6_2sgVt7hMZOPfL2M", "nickname": "Band", "sex": 1, "language": "zh_CN", "city": "广州", "pro 4000 vince": "广东", "country": "中国", "headimgurl": "http://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/g3MonUZtNHkdmzicIlibx6iaFqAc56vxLSUfpb6n5WKSYVY0ChQKkiaJSgQ1dZuTOgvLLrhJbERQQ4eMsv84eavHiaiceqxibJxCfHe/0", "subscribe_time": 1382694957, "unionid": " o6_bmasdasdsad6_2sgVt7hMZOPfL" "remark": "", "groupid": 0 }
参数说明
参数 | 说明 |
---|---|
subscribe | 用户是否订阅该公众号标识,值为0时,代表此用户没有关注该公众号,拉取不到其余信息。 |
openid | 用户的标识,对当前公众号唯一 |
nickname | 用户的昵称 |
sex | 用户的性别,值为1时是男性,值为2时是女性,值为0时是未知 |
city | 用户所在城市 |
country | 用户所在国家 |
province | 用户所在省份 |
language | 用户的语言,简体中文为zh_CN |
headimgurl | 用户头像,最后一个数值代表正方形头像大小(有0、46、64、96、132数值可选,0代表640*640正方形头像),用户没有头像时该项为空。若用户更换头像,原有头像URL将失效。 |
subscribe_time | 用户关注时间,为时间戳。如果用户曾多次关注,则取最后关注时间 |
unionid | 只有在用户将公众号绑定到微信开放平台帐号后,才会出现该字段。详见:获取用户个人信息(UnionID机制) |
remark | 公众号运营者对粉丝的备注,公众号运营者可在微信公众平台用户管理界面对粉丝添加备注 |
groupid | 用户所在的分组ID |
{"errcode":40013,"errmsg":"invalid appid"}
根据上面的信息,我们定义一个用户信息类来存放用户的基本信息。
[java] view plain copy print?package com.howin.pojo;
/**
* 类名: WeixinUserInfo </br>
* 描述: 微信用户的基本信息 </br>
* 开发人员: howin </br>
* 创建时间: 2016-08-19 </br>
* 发布版本:V1.0 </br>
*/
public class WeixinUserInfo {
// 用户的标识
private String openId;
// 关注状态(1是关注,0是未关注),未关注时获取不到其余信息
private int subscribe;
// 用户关注时间,为时间戳。如果用户曾多次关注,则取最后关注时间
private String subscribeTime;
// 昵称
private String nickname;
// 用户的性别(1是男性,2是女性,0是未知)
private int sex;
// 用户所在国家
private String country;
// 用户所在省份
private String province;
// 用户所在城市
private String city;
// 用户的语言,简体中文为zh_CN
private String language;
// 用户头像
private String headImgUrl;
public String getOpenId() {
return openId;
}
public void setOpenId(String openId) {
this.openId = openId;
}
public int getSubscribe() {
return subscribe;
}
public void setSubscribe(int subscribe) {
this.subscribe = subscribe;
}
public String getSubscribeTime() {
return subscribeTime;
}
public void setSubscribeTime(String subscribeTime) {
this.subscribeTime = subscribeTime;
}
public String getNickname() {
return nickname;
}
public void setNickname(String nickname) {
this.nickname = nickname;
}
public int getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(int sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public String getCountry() {
return country;
}
public void setCountry(String country) {
this.country = country;
}
public String getProvince() {
return province;
}
public void setProvince(String province) {
this.province = province;
}
public String getCity() {
return city;
}
public void setCity(String city) {
this.city = city;
}
public String getLanguage() {
return language;
}
public void setLanguage(String language) {
this.language = language;
}
public String getHeadImgUrl() {
return headImgUrl;
}
public void setHeadImgUrl(String headImgUrl) {
this.headImgUrl = headImgUrl;
}
}
package com.howin.pojo; /** * 类名: WeixinUserInfo </br> * 描述: 微信用户的基本信息 </br> * 开发人员: howin </br> * 创建时间: 2016-08-19 </br> * 发布版本:V1.0 </br> */ public class WeixinUserInfo { // 用户的标识 private String openId; // 关注状态(1是关注,0是未关注),未关注时获取不到其余信息 private int subscribe; // 用户关注时间,为时间戳。如果用户曾多次关注,则取最后关注时间 private String subscribeTime; // 昵称 private String nickname; // 用户的性别(1是男性,2是女性,0是未知) private int sex; // 用户所在国家 private String country; // 用户所在省份 private String province; // 用户所在城市 private String city; // 用户的语言,简体中文为zh_CN private String language; // 用户头像 private String headImgUrl; public String getOpenId() { return openId; } public void setOpenId(String openId) { this.openId = openId; } public int getSubscribe() { return subscribe; } public void setSubscribe(int subscribe) { this.subscribe = subscribe; } public String getSubscribeTime() { return subscribeTime; } public void setSubscribeTime(String subscribeTime) { this.subscribeTime = subscribeTime; } public String getNickname() { return nickname; } public void setNickname(String nickname) { this.nickname = nickname; } public int getSex() { return sex; } public void setSex(int sex) { this.sex = sex; } public String getCountry() { return country; } public void setCountry(String country) { this.country = country; } public 1fff7 String getProvince() { return province; } public void setProvince(String province) { this.province = province; } public String getCity() { return city; } public void setCity(String city) { this.city = city; } public String getLanguage() { return language; } public void setLanguage(String language) { this.language = language; } public String getHeadImgUrl() { return headImgUrl; } public void setHeadImgUrl(String headImgUrl) { this.headImgUrl = headImgUrl; } }
我们先来看看获取用户信息的接口:
https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID&lang=zh_CN
根据分析,获取用户的基本信息需要一个token。
[java] view plain copy print?package com.howin.pojo; /** * 类名: TOKEN </br> * 描述: 凭证 </br> * 开发人员: howin </br> * 创建时间: 2016-08-19 </br> * 发布版本:V1.0 </br> */ public class Token { // 接口访问凭证֤ private String accessToken; // 凭证有效期单位:second private int expiresIn; public String getAccessToken() { return accessToken; } public void setAccessToken(String accessToken) { this.accessToken = accessToken; } public int getExpiresIn() { return expiresIn; } public void setExpiresIn(int expiresIn) { this.expiresIn = expiresIn; } }
package com.howin.pojo; /** * 类名: TOKEN </br> * 描述: 凭证 </br> * 开发人员: howin </br> * 创建时间: 2016-08-19 </br> * 发布版本:V1.0 </br> */ public class Token { // 接口访问凭证֤ private String accessToken; // 凭证有效期单位:second private int expiresIn; public String getAccessToken() { return accessToken; } public void setAccessToken(String accessToken) { this.accessToken = accessToken; } public int getExpiresIn() { return expiresIn; } public void setExpiresIn(int expiresIn) { this.expiresIn = expiresIn; } }
https请求,需要的信任管理器
[java] view plain copy print?package com.howin.util; import java.security.cert.CertificateException; import java.security.cert.X509Certificate; import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager; /** * 类名: MyX509TrustManager </br> * 描述:信任管理器 </br> * 开发人员: howin </br> * 创建时间: 2016-08-19 </br> * 发布版本:V1.0 </br> */ /* * 证书管理器的作用是让它新人我们指定的证书, * 此类中的代码意味着信任所有的证书,不管是不是权威机构颁发的。 */ public class MyX509TrustManager implements X509TrustManager { // 检查客户端证书 public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException { } // 检查服务器端证书 public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException { } // 返回受信任的X509证书数组 public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() { return null; } }
package com.howin.util; import java.security.cert.CertificateException; import java.security.cert.X509Certificate; import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager; /** * 类名: MyX509TrustManager </br> * 描述:信任管理器 </br> * 开发人员: howin </br> * 创建时间: 2016-08-19 </br> * 发布版本:V1.0 </br> */ /* * 证书管理器的作用是让它新人我们指定的证书, * 此类中的代码意味着信任所有的证书,不管是不是权威机构颁发的。 */ public class MyX509TrustManager implements X509TrustManager { // 检查客户端证书 public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException { } // 检查服务器端证书 public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException { } // 返回受信任的X509证书数组 public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() { return null; } }
封装了一个公共类:[java] view plain copy print?package com.howin.util;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import net.sf.json.JSONException;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import com.howin.pojo.Menu;
import com.howin.pojo.Token;
/**
* 类名: CommonUtil </br>
* 描述: 通用工具类 </br>
* 开发人员: howin </br>
* 创建时间: 2016-08-19 </br>
* 发布版本:V1.0 </br>
*/
public class CommonUtil {
private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CommonUtil.class);
private static long tokenTime = 0;
private static long jsTicketTime = 0;
private static Token token = null;
private static String ticket = null;
// 凭证获取(GET)
public final static String token_url = “https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET”;
/**
* 发送https请求
*
* @param requestUrl 请求地址
* @param requestMethod 请求方式(GET、POST)
* @param outputStr 提交的数据
* @return JSONObject(通过JSONObject.get(key)的方式获取json对象的属性值)
*/
public static JSONObject httpsRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) {
JSONObject jsonObject = null;
try {
// 创建SSLContext对象,并使用我们指定的信任管理器初始化
TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() };
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance(”SSL”, “SunJSSE”);
sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom());
// 从上述SSLContext对象中得到SSLSocketFactory对象
SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory();
URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true);
conn.setUseCaches(false);
// 设置请求方式(GET/POST)
conn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
// 当outputStr不为null时向输出流写数据
if (null != outputStr) {
OutputStream outputStream = conn.getOutputStream();
// 注意编码格式
outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes(”UTF-8”));
outputStream.close();
}
// 从输入流读取返回内容
InputStream inputStream = conn.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, “utf-8”);
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
String str = null;
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
buffer.append(str);
}
// 释放资源
bufferedReader.close();
inputStreamReader.close();
inputStream.close();
inputStream = null;
conn.disconnect();
jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString());
} catch (ConnectException ce) {
log.error(”连接超时:{}”, ce);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error(”https请求异常:{}”, e);
}
return jsonObject;
}
/**
* 获取接口访问凭证
*
* @param appid 凭证
* @param appsecret 密钥
* @return
*/
public static Token getToken(String appid, String appsecret) {
// 第三方用户唯一凭证
appid = ”wx7504778ec4f99579”;
// 第三方用户唯一凭证密钥
appsecret = ”b77fba754559304c833a258f4a6f1853”;
long now = new Date().getTime();
if(tokenTime!=0&&now-tokenTime<7000000){//token有效时间 7e6 毫秒
return token;
}
String requestUrl = token_url.replace(”APPID”, appid).replace(“APPSECRET”, appsecret);
// 发起GET请求获取凭证
JSONObject jsonObject = httpsRequest(requestUrl, ”GET”, null);
if (null != jsonObject) {
try {
token = new Token();
token.setAccessToken(jsonObject.getString(”access_token”));
token.setExpiresIn(jsonObject.getInt(”expires_in”));
tokenTime = now;
} catch (JSONException e) {
token = null;
// 获取token失败
log.error(”获取token失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}”, jsonObject.getInt(“errcode”), jsonObject.getString(“errmsg”));
}
}
return token;
}
/**
* 获取jsapi_ticket访问凭证
* */
public static String getJsTicket(){
long now = new Date().getTime();
if(jsTicketTime!=0&&now-jsTicketTime<7000000){//token有效时间 7e6 毫秒
return ticket;
}
//得到token
String accessToken = getToken(null,null).getAccessToken();
//GET方法获得jsapi_ticket
String requestUrl = ”https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&type=jsapi”
.replace(”ACCESS_TOKEN”,accessToken);
// 发起GET请求获取凭证
JSONObject jsonObject = httpsRequest(requestUrl, ”GET”, null);
if(jsonObject!=null){
ticket = jsonObject.getString(”ticket”);
jsTicketTime = now;
}
return ticket;
}
/**
* URL编码(utf-8)
*
* @param source
* @return
*/
public static String urlEncodeUTF8(String source) {
String result = source;
try {
result = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(source, ”utf-8”);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
/**
* 根据内容类型判断文件扩展名
*
* @param contentType 内容类型
* @return
*/
public static String getFileExt(String contentType) {
String fileExt = ”“;
if (“image/jpeg”.equals(contentType))
fileExt = ”.jpg”;
else if (“audio/mpeg”.equals(contentType))
fileExt = ”.mp3”;
else if (“audio/amr”.equals(contentType))
fileExt = ”.amr”;
else if (“video/mp4”.equals(contentType))
fileExt = ”.mp4”;
else if (“video/mpeg4”.equals(contentType))
fileExt = ”.mp4”;
return fileExt;
}
// 菜单创建(POST) 限100(次/天)
public static String menu_create_url = “https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/menu/create?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN”;
/**
* 创建菜单
*
* @param menu 菜单实例
* @param accessToken 有效的access_token
* @return 0表示成功,其他值表示失败
*/
public static int createMenu(Menu menu, String accessToken) {
int result = 0;
// 拼装创建菜单的url
String url = menu_create_url.replace(”ACCESS_TOKEN”, accessToken);
// 将菜单对象转换成json字符串
String jsonMenu = JSONObject.fromObject(menu).toString();
// 调用接口创建菜单
JSONObject jsonObject = httpsRequest(url, ”POST”, jsonMenu);
System.out.println(jsonMenu);
if (null != jsonObject) {
if (0 != jsonObject.getInt(“errcode”)) {
result = jsonObject.getInt(”errcode”);
log.error(”创建菜单失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}”, jsonObject.getInt(“errcode”), jsonObject.getString(“errmsg”));
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* 对Map数组进行排序
* */
public static String FormatQueryParaMap(HashMap<String, String> parameters) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
String buff = ”“;
List<Map.Entry<String, String>> infoIds = new ArrayList<Map.Entry<String, String>>(
parameters.entrySet());
Collections.sort(infoIds, new Comparator<Map.Entry<String, String>>() {
public int compare(Map.Entry<String, String> o1,
Map.Entry<String, String> o2) {
return (o1.getKey()).toString().compareTo(o2.getKey());
}
});
for (int i = 0; i < infoIds.size(); i++) {
Map.Entry<String, String> item = infoIds.get(i);
if (item.getKey() != “”) {
// buff += item.getKey() + ”=”+ URLEncoder.encode(item.getValue(), “utf-8”) + ”&”;
buff += item.getKey() + ”=”+ item.getValue() + “&”;
}
}
if (buff.isEmpty() == false) {
buff = buff.substring(0, buff.length() - 1);
}
return buff;
}
/**
* 生成32位随机字符串
* */
public static String CreateNoncestr() {
String chars = ”abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789”;
String res = ”“;
for (int i = 0; i <16; i++) {
Random rd = new Random();
res += chars.charAt(rd.nextInt(chars.length() - 1));
}
return res;
}
/**
* SHA1加密
* */
public final static String Sha1(String s) {
char hexDigits[]={‘0’, ‘1’, ‘2’, ‘3’, ‘4’, ‘5’, ‘6’, ‘7’, ‘8’, ‘9’, ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘d’, ‘e’, ‘f’ };
try {
byte[] btInput = s.getBytes();
// 获得MD5摘要算法的 MessageDigest 对象
MessageDigest mdInst = MessageDigest.getInstance(”sha-1”);
// 使用指定的字节更新摘要
mdInst.update(btInput);
// 获得密文
byte[] md = mdInst.digest();
// 把密文转换成十六进制的字符串形式
int j = md.length;
char str[] = new char[j * 2];
int k = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < j; i++) {
byte byte0 = md[i];
str[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 >>> 4 & 0xf];
str[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 & 0xf];
}
return new String(str);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
}
package com.howin.util; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.net.ConnectException; import java.net.URL; import java.net.URLEncoder; import java.security.MessageDigest; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.Comparator; import java.util.Date; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Random; import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection; import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory; import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager; import net.sf.json.JSONException; import net.sf.json.JSONObject; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import com.howin.pojo.Menu; import com.howin.pojo.Token; /** * 类名: CommonUtil </br> * 描述: 通用工具类 </br> * 开发人员: howin </br> * 创建时间: 2016-08-19 </br> * 发布版本:V1.0 </br> */ public class CommonUtil { private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CommonUtil.class); private static long tokenTime = 0; private static long jsTicketTime = 0; private static Token token = null; private static String ticket = null; // 凭证获取(GET) public final static String token_url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET"; /** * 发送https请求 * * @param requestUrl 请求地址 * @param requestMethod 请求方式(GET、POST) * @param outputStr 提交的数据 * @return JSONObject(通过JSONObject.get(key)的方式获取json对象的属性值) */ public static JSONObject httpsRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) { JSONObject jsonObject = null; try { // 创建SSLContext对象,并使用我们指定的信任管理器初始化 TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() }; SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE"); sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom()); // 从上述SSLContext对象中得到SSLSocketFactory对象 SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory(); URL url = new URL(requestUrl); HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection(); conn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf); conn.setDoOutput(true); conn.setDoInput(true); conn.setUseCaches(false); // 设置请求方式(GET/POST) conn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod); // 当outputStr不为null时向输出流写数据 if (null != outputStr) { OutputStream outputStream = conn.getOutputStream(); // 注意编码格式 outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8")); outputStream.close(); } // 从输入流读取返回内容 InputStream inputStream = conn.getInputStream(); InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8"); BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader); String str = null; StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { buffer.append(str); } // 释放资源 bufferedReader.close(); inputStreamReader.close(); inputStream.close(); inputStream = null; conn.disconnect(); jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString()); } catch (ConnectException ce) { log.error("连接超时:{}", ce); } catch (Exception e) { log.error("https请求异常:{}", e); } return jsonObject; } /** * 获取接口访问凭证 * * @param appid 凭证 * @param appsecret 密钥 * @return */ public static Token getToken(String appid, String appsecret) { // 第三方用户唯一凭证 appid = "wx7504778ec4f99579"; // 第三方用户唯一凭证密钥 appsecret = "b77fba754559304c833a258f4a6f1853"; long now = new Date().getTime(); if(tokenTime!=0&&now-tokenTime<7000000){//token有效时间 7e6 毫秒 return token; } String requestUrl = token_url.replace("APPID", appid).replace("APPSECRET", appsecret); // 发起GET请求获取凭证 JSONObject jsonObject = httpsRequest(requestUrl, "GET", null); if (null != jsonObject) { try { token = new Token(); token.setAccessToken(jsonObject.getString("access_token")); token.setExpiresIn(jsonObject.getInt("expires_in")); tokenTime = now; } catch (JSONException e) { token = null; // 获取token失败 log.error("获取token失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}", jsonObject.getInt("errcode"), jsonObject.getString("errmsg")); } } return token; } /** * 获取jsapi_ticket访问凭证 * */ public static String getJsTicket(){ long now = new Date().getTime(); if(jsTicketTime!=0&&now-jsTicketTime<7000000){//token有效时间 7e6 毫秒 return ticket; } //得到token String accessToken = getToken(null,null).getAccessToken(); //GET方法获得jsapi_ticket String requestUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&type=jsapi" .replace("ACCESS_TOKEN",accessToken); // 发起GET请求获取凭证 JSONObject jsonObject = httpsRequest(requestUrl, "GET", null); if(jsonObject!=null){ ticket = jsonObject.getString("ticket"); jsTicketTime = now; } return ticket; } /** * URL编码(utf-8) * * @param source * @return */ public static String urlEncodeUTF8(String source) { String result = source; try { result = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(source, "utf-8"); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return result; } /** * 根据内容类型判断文件扩展名 * * @param contentType 内容类型 * @return */ public static String getFileExt(String contentType) { String fileExt = ""; if ("image/jpeg".equals(contentType)) fileExt = ".jpg"; else if ("audio/mpeg".equals(contentType)) fileExt = ".mp3"; else if ("audio/amr".equals(contentType)) fileExt = ".amr"; else if ("video/mp4".equals(contentType)) fileExt = ".mp4"; else if ("video/mpeg4".equals(contentType)) fileExt = ".mp4"; return fileExt; } // 菜单创建(POST) 限100(次/天) public static String menu_create_url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/menu/create?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN"; /** * 创建菜单 * * @param menu 菜单实例 * @param accessToken 有效的access_token * @return 0表示成功,其他值表示失败 */ public static int createMenu(Menu menu, String accessToken) { int result = 0; // 拼装创建菜单的url String url = menu_create_url.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken); // 将菜单对象转换成json字符串 String jsonMenu = JSONObject.fromObject(menu).toString(); // 调用接口创建菜单 JSONObject jsonObject = httpsRequest(url, "POST", jsonMenu); System.out.println(jsonMenu); if (null != jsonObject) { if (0 != jsonObject.getInt("errcode")) { result = jsonObject.getInt("errcode"); log.error("创建菜单失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}", jsonObject.getInt("errcode"), jsonObject.getString("errmsg")); } } return result; } /** * 对Map数组进行排序 * */ public static String FormatQueryParaMap(HashMap<String, String> parameters) throws UnsupportedEncodingException { String buff = ""; List<Map.Entry<String, String>> infoIds = new ArrayList<Map.Entry<String, String>>( parameters.entrySet()); Collections.sort(infoIds, new Comparator<Map.Entry<String, String>>() { public int compare(Map.Entry<String, String> o1, Map.Entry<String, String> o2) { return (o1.getKey()).toString().compareTo(o2.getKey()); } }); for (int i = 0; i < infoIds.size(); i++) { Map.Entry<String, String> item = infoIds.get(i); if (item.getKey() != "") { // buff += item.getKey() + "="+ URLEncoder.encode(item.getValue(), "utf-8") + "&"; buff += item.getKey() + "="+ item.getValue() + "&"; } } if (buff.isEmpty() == false) { buff = buff.substring(0, buff.length() - 1); } return buff; } /** * 生成32位随机字符串 * */ public static String CreateNoncestr() { String chars = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"; String res = ""; for (int i = 0; i <16; i++) { Random rd = new Random(); res += chars.charAt(rd.nextInt(chars.length() - 1)); } return res; } /** * SHA1加密 * */ public final static String Sha1(String s) { char hexDigits[]={'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f' }; try { byte[] btInput = s.getBytes(); // 获得MD5摘要算法的 MessageDigest 对象 MessageDigest mdInst = MessageDigest.getInstance("sha-1"); // 使用指定的字节更新摘要 mdInst.update(btInput); // 获得密文 byte[] md = mdInst.digest(); // 把密文转换成十六进制的字符串形式 int j = md.length; char str[] = new char[j * 2]; int k = 0; for (int i = 0; i < j; i++) { byte byte0 = md[i]; str[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 >>> 4 & 0xf]; str[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 & 0xf]; } return new String(str); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); return null; } } }
获取用户基本信息的方法,写一个测试类直接运行次程序:
[java] view plain copy print?package com.howin.weixin.test;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.List;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import net.sf.json.JSONArray;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import com.howin.weixin.pojo.SNSUserInfo;
import com.howin.weixin.pojo.WeixinOauth2Token;
import com.howin.weixin.pojo.WeixinUserInfo;
import com.howin.weixin.util.CommonUtil;
import com.howin.weixin.util.MyX509TrustManager;
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[]) {
// 获取接口访问凭证
String accessToken = CommonUtil.getToken(”自己的appid”, “自己的密钥”).getAccessToken();
/**
* 获取用户信息
*/
WeixinUserInfo user = getUserInfo(accessToken, ”这里写关注用户的openid”);
//做这个测试的时候可以先关注,或者取消关注,控制台会打印出来此用户的openid
System.out.println(”OpenID:” + user.getOpenId());
System.out.println(”关注状态:” + user.getSubscribe());
System.out.println(”关注时间:” + user.getSubscribeTime());
System.out.println(”昵称:” + user.getNickname());
System.out.println(”性别:” + user.getSex());
System.out.println(”国家:” + user.getCountry());
System.out.println(”省份:” + user.getProvince());
System.out.println(”城市:” + user.getCity());
System.out.println(”语言:” + user.getLanguage());
System.out.println(”头像:” + user.getHeadImgUrl());
}
/**
* 获取用户信息
*
* @param accessToken 接口访问凭证
* @param openId 用户标识
* @return WeixinUserInfo
*/
public static WeixinUserInfo getUserInfo(String accessToken, String openId) {
WeixinUserInfo weixinUserInfo = null;
// 拼接请求地址
String requestUrl = ”https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID”;
requestUrl = requestUrl.replace(”ACCESS_TOKEN”, accessToken).replace(“OPENID”, openId);
// 获取用户信息
JSONObject jsonObject = CommonUtil.httpsRequest(requestUrl, ”GET”, null);
if (null != jsonObject) {
try {
weixinUserInfo = new WeixinUserInfo();
// 用户的标识
weixinUserInfo.setOpenId(jsonObject.getString(”openid”));
// 关注状态(1是关注,0是未关注),未关注时获取不到其余信息
weixinUserInfo.setSubscribe(jsonObject.getInt(”subscribe”));
// 用户关注时间
weixinUserInfo.setSubscribeTime(jsonObject.getString(”subscribe_time”));
// 昵称
weixinUserInfo.setNickname(jsonObject.getString(”nickname”));
// 用户的性别(1是男性,2是女性,0是未知)
weixinUserInfo.setSex(jsonObject.getInt(”sex”));
// 用户所在国家
weixinUserInfo.setCountry(jsonObject.getString(”country”));
// 用户所在省份
weixinUserInfo.setProvince(jsonObject.getString(”province”));
// 用户所在城市
weixinUserInfo.setCity(jsonObject.getString(”city”));
// 用户的语言,简体中文为zh_CN
weixinUserInfo.setLanguage(jsonObject.getString(”language”));
// 用户头像
weixinUserInfo.setHeadImgUrl(jsonObject.getString(”headimgurl”));
} catch (Exception e) {
if (0 == weixinUserInfo.getSubscribe()) {
System.err.printf(”用户{}已取消关注”, weixinUserInfo.getOpenId());
} else {
int errorCode = jsonObject.getInt(“errcode”);
String errorMsg = jsonObject.getString(”errmsg”);
System.err.printf(”获取用户信息失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}”, errorCode, errorMsg);
}
}
}
return weixinUserInfo;
}
/**
* 获取网页授权凭证
*
* @param appId 公众账号的唯一标识
* @param appSecret 公众账号的密钥
* @param code
* @return WeixinAouth2Token
*/
public static WeixinOauth2Token getOauth2AccessToken(String appId, String appSecret, String code) {
WeixinOauth2Token wat = null;
// 拼接请求地址
String requestUrl = ”https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=APPID&secret=SECRET&code=CODE&grant_type=authorization_code”;
requestUrl = requestUrl.replace(”APPID”, appId);
requestUrl = requestUrl.replace(”SECRET”, appSecret);
requestUrl = requestUrl.replace(”CODE”, code);
// 获取网页授权凭证
JSONObject jsonObject = CommonUtil.httpsRequest(requestUrl, ”GET”, null);
if (null != jsonObject) {
try {
wat = new WeixinOauth2Token();
wat.setAccessToken(jsonObject.getString(”access_token”));
wat.setExpiresIn(jsonObject.getInt(”expires_in”));
wat.setRefreshToken(jsonObject.getString(”refresh_token”));
wat.setOpenId(jsonObject.getString(”openid”));
wat.setScope(jsonObject.getString(”scope”));
} catch (Exception e) {
wat = null;
int errorCode = jsonObject.getInt(“errcode”);
String errorMsg = jsonObject.getString(”errmsg”);
System.err.printf(”获取网页授权凭证失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}”, errorCode, errorMsg);
}
}
return wat;
}
/**
* 通过网页授权获取用户信息
*
* @param accessToken 网页授权接口调用凭证
* @param openId 用户标识
* @return SNSUserInfo
*/
@SuppressWarnings( { “deprecation”, “unchecked” })
public static SNSUserInfo getSNSUserInfo(String accessToken, String openId) {
SNSUserInfo snsUserInfo = null;
// 拼接请求地址
String requestUrl = ”https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID”;
requestUrl = requestUrl.replace(”ACCESS_TOKEN”, accessToken).replace(“OPENID”, openId);
// 通过网页授权获取用户信息
JSONObject jsonObject = CommonUtil.httpsRequest(requestUrl, ”GET”, null);
if (null != jsonObject) {
try {
snsUserInfo = new SNSUserInfo();
// 用户的标识
snsUserInfo.setOpenId(jsonObject.getString(”openid”));
// 昵称
snsUserInfo.setNickname(jsonObject.getString(”nickname”));
// 性别(1是男性,2是女性,0是未知)
snsUserInfo.setSex(jsonObject.getInt(”sex”));
// 用户所在国家
snsUserInfo.setCountry(jsonObject.getString(”country”));
// 用户所在省份
snsUserInfo.setProvince(jsonObject.getString(”province”));
// 用户所在城市
snsUserInfo.setCity(jsonObject.getString(”city”));
// 用户头像
snsUserInfo.setHeadImgUrl(jsonObject.getString(”headimgurl”));
// 用户特权信息
snsUserInfo.setPrivilegeList(JSONArray.toList(jsonObject.getJSONArray(”privilege”), List.class));
} catch (Exception e) {
snsUserInfo = null;
int errorCode = jsonObject.getInt(“errcode”);
String errorMsg = jsonObject.getString(”errmsg”);
System.err.printf(”获取用户信息失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}”, errorCode, errorMsg);
}
}
return snsUserInfo;
}
/**
* 发送https请求
*
* @param requestUrl 请求地址
* @param requestMethod 请求方式(GET、POST)
* @param outputStr 提交的数据
* @return JSONObject(通过JSONObject.get(key)的方式获取json对象的属性值)
*/
public static JSONObject httpsRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) {
JSONObject jsonObject = null;
try {
// 创建SSLContext对象,并使用我们指定的信任管理器初始化
TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() };
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance(”SSL”, “SunJSSE”);
sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom());
// 从上述SSLContext对象中得到SSLSocketFactory对象
SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory();
URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true);
conn.setUseCaches(false);
// 设置请求方式(GET/POST)
conn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
// 当outputStr不为null时向输出流写数据
if (null != outputStr) {
OutputStream outputStream = conn.getOutputStream();
// 注意编码格式
outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes(”UTF-8”));
outputStream.close();
}
// 从输入流读取返回内容
InputStream inputStream = conn.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, “utf-8”);
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
String str = null;
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
buffer.append(str);
}
// 释放资源
bufferedReader.close();
inputStreamReader.close();
inputStream.close();
inputStream = null;
conn.disconnect();
jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString());
} catch (ConnectException ce) {
System.err.printf(”连接超时:{}”, ce);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.printf(”https请求异常:{}”, e);
}
return jsonObject;
}
/**
* URL编码(utf-8)
*
* @param source
* @return
*/
public static String urlEncodeUTF8(String source) {
String result = source;
try {
result = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(source, ”utf-8”);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
}
package com.howin.weixin.test; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.net.ConnectException; import java.net.URL; import java.util.List; import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection; import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory; import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager; import net.sf.json.JSONArray; import net.sf.json.JSONObject; import com.howin.weixin.pojo.SNSUserInfo; import com.howin.weixin.pojo.WeixinOauth2Token; import com.howin.weixin.pojo.WeixinUserInfo; import com.howin.weixin.util.CommonUtil; import com.howin.weixin.util.MyX509TrustManager; public class Test { public static void main(String args[]) { // 获取接口访问凭证 String accessToken = CommonUtil.getToken("自己的appid", "自己的密钥").getAccessToken(); /** * 获取用户信息 */ WeixinUserInfo user = getUserInfo(accessToken, "这里写关注用户的openid"); //做这个测试的时候可以先关注,或者取消关注,控制台会打印出来此用户的openid System.out.println("OpenID:" + user.getOpenId()); System.out.println("关注状态:" + user.getSubscribe()); System.out.println("关注时间:" + user.getSubscribeTime()); System.out.println("昵称:" + user.getNickname()); System.out.println("性别:" + user.getSex()); System.out.println("国家:" + user.getCountry()); System.out.println("省份:" + user.getProvince()); System.out.println("城市:" + user.getCity()); System.out.println("语言:" + user.getLanguage()); System.out.println("头像:" + user.getHeadImgUrl()); } /** * 获取用户信息 * * @param accessToken 接口访问凭证 * @param openId 用户标识 * @return WeixinUserInfo */ public static WeixinUserInfo getUserInfo(String accessToken, String openId) { WeixinUserInfo weixinUserInfo = null; // 拼接请求地址 String requestUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID"; requestUrl = requestUrl.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken).replace("OPENID", openId); // 获取用户信息 JSONObject jsonObject = CommonUtil.httpsRequest(requestUrl, "GET", null); if (null != jsonObject) { try { weixinUserInfo = new WeixinUserInfo(); // 用户的标识 weixinUserInfo.setOpenId(jsonObject.getString("openid")); // 关注状态(1是关注,0是未关注),未关注时获取不到其余信息 weixinUserInfo.setSubscribe(jsonObject.getInt("subscribe")); // 用户关注时间 weixinUserInfo.setSubscribeTime(jsonObject.getString("subscribe_time")); // 昵称 weixinUserInfo.setNickname(jsonObject.getString("nickname")); // 用户的性别(1是男性,2是女性,0是未知) weixinUserInfo.setSex(jsonObject.getInt("sex")); // 用户所在国家 weixinUserInfo.setCountry(jsonObject.getString("country")); // 用户所在省份 weixinUserInfo.setProvince(jsonObject.getString("province")); // 用户所在城市 weixinUserInfo.setCity(jsonObject.getString("city")); // 用户的语言,简体中文为zh_CN weixinUserInfo.setLanguage(jsonObject.getString("language")); // 用户头像 weixinUserInfo.setHeadImgUrl(jsonObject.getString("headimgurl")); } catch (Exception e) { if (0 == weixinUserInfo.getSubscribe()) { System.err.printf("用户{}已取消关注", weixinUserInfo.getOpenId()); } else { int errorCode = jsonObject.getInt("errcode"); String errorMsg = jsonObject.getString("errmsg"); System.err.printf("获取用户信息失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}", errorCode, errorMsg); } } } return weixinUserInfo; } /** * 获取网页授权凭证 * * @param appId 公众账号的唯一标识 * @param appSecret 公众账号的密钥 * @param code * @return WeixinAouth2Token */ public static WeixinOauth2Token getOauth2AccessToken(String appId, String appSecret, String code) { WeixinOauth2Token wat = null; // 拼接请求地址 String requestUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=APPID&secret=SECRET&code=CODE&grant_type=authorization_code"; requestUrl = requestUrl.replace("APPID", appId); requestUrl = requestUrl.replace("SECRET", appSecret); requestUrl = requestUrl.replace("CODE", code); // 获取网页授权凭证 JSONObject jsonObject = CommonUtil.httpsRequest(requestUrl, "GET", null); if (null != jsonObject) { try { wat = new WeixinOauth2Token(); wat.setAccessToken(jsonObject.getString("access_token")); wat.setExpiresIn(jsonObject.getInt("expires_in")); wat.setRefreshToken(jsonObject.getString("refresh_token")); wat.setOpenId(jsonObject.getString("openid")); wat.setScope(jsonObject.getString("scope")); } catch (Exception e) { wat = null; int errorCode = jsonObject.getInt("errcode"); String errorMsg = jsonObject.getString("errmsg"); System.err.printf("获取网页授权凭证失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}", errorCode, errorMsg); } } return wat; } /** * 通过网页授权获取用户信息 * * @param accessToken 网页授权接口调用凭证 * @param openId 用户标识 * @return SNSUserInfo */ @SuppressWarnings( { "deprecation", "unchecked" }) public static SNSUserInfo getSNSUserInfo(String accessToken, String openId) { SNSUserInfo snsUserInfo = null; // 拼接请求地址 String requestUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID"; requestUrl = requestUrl.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken).replace("OPENID", openId); // 通过网页授权获取用户信息 JSONObject jsonObject = CommonUtil.httpsRequest(requestUrl, "GET", null); if (null != jsonObject) { try { snsUserInfo = new SNSUserInfo(); // 用户的标识 snsUserInfo.setOpenId(jsonObject.getString("openid")); // 昵称 snsUserInfo.setNickname(jsonObject.getString("nickname")); // 性别(1是男性,2是女性,0是未知) snsUserInfo.setSex(jsonObject.getInt("sex")); // 用户所在国家 snsUserInfo.setCountry(jsonObject.getString("country")); // 用户所在省份 snsUserInfo.setProvince(jsonObject.getString("province")); // 用户所在城市 snsUserInfo.setCity(jsonObject.getString("city")); // 用户头像 snsUserInfo.setHeadImgUrl(jsonObject.getString("headimgurl")); // 用户特权信息 snsUserInfo.setPrivilegeList(JSONArray.toList(jsonObject.getJSONArray("privilege"), List.class)); } catch (Exception e) { snsUserInfo = null; int errorCode = jsonObject.getInt("errcode"); String errorMsg = jsonObject.getString("errmsg"); System.err.printf("获取用户信息失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}", errorCode, errorMsg); } } return snsUserInfo; } /** * 发送https请求 * * @param requestUrl 请求地址 * @param requestMethod 请求方式(GET、POST) * @param outputStr 提交的数据 * @return JSONObject(通过JSONObject.get(key)的方式获取json对象的属性值) */ public static JSONObject httpsRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) { JSONObject jsonObject = null; try { // 创建SSLContext对象,并使用我们指定的信任管理器初始化 TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() }; SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE"); sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom()); // 从上述SSLContext对象中得到SSLSocketFactory对象 SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory(); URL url = new URL(requestUrl); HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection(); conn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf); conn.setDoOutput(true); conn.setDoInput(true); conn.setUseCaches(false); // 设置请求方式(GET/POST) conn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod); // 当outputStr不为null时向输出流写数据 if (null != outputStr) { OutputStream outputStream = conn.getOutputStream(); // 注意编码格式 outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8")); outputStream.close(); } // 从输入流读取返回内容 InputStream inputStream = conn.getInputStream(); InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8"); BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader); String str = null; StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { buffer.append(str); } // 释放资源 bufferedReader.close(); inputStreamReader.close(); inputStream.close(); inputStream = null; conn.disconnect(); jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString()); } catch (ConnectException ce) { System.err.printf("连接超时:{}", ce); } catch (Exception e) { System.err.printf("https请求异常:{}", e); } return jsonObject; } /** * URL编码(utf-8) * * @param source * @return */ public static String urlEncodeUTF8(String source) { String result = source; try { result = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(source, "utf-8"); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return result; } }
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