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ServletContext与Web应用以及Spring容器启动

2017-11-22 15:55 393 查看


一、ServletContext对象获取Demo

Servlet容器在启动时会加载Web应用,并为每个Web应用创建唯一的ServletContext对象。

可以把ServletContext看作一个Web应用的服务器端组件的共享内存。在ServletContext中可以存放共享数据,有4个读取或者设置共享数据的方法:
方法名描述
setAttribute(String name, Object object)把一个对象和属性名绑定,并将这个对象存放在ServletContext中
getAttribute(String name)根据给定的属性名返回所绑定的对象
removeAttribute(String name)根据给定的属性名从ServletContext中删除相应的属性
getAttributeNames()返回一个Enumeration对象,包含了存储在ServletContext对象中所有的属性名
CounterServlet.java

1 package com.servletContext.demo;
2
3 import java.io.IOException;
4
5 import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
6 import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
7 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
9 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
10 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
11
12 public class CounterServlet extends HttpServlet {
13
14     @Override
15     public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
16         super.init(config);
17     }
18
19     @Override
20     protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
21         doPost(req, resp);
22     }
23
24     @Override
25     protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
26
27         // 获得ServletContext的引用
28         ServletContext context = getServletContext();
29
30         // 从ServletContext读取count属性
31         Integer count = (Integer) context.getAttribute("count");
3
24000
2
33
34         // 如果没有读到count属性,那么创建count属性,并设置初始值为0
35         if(count == null) {
36             System.out.println("context中还没有count属性呢");
37             count = new Integer(0);
38             context.setAttribute("count", count);
39         }
40         count = count + 1;
41         // count增加之后还要写回去,引用为什么还要重新存回去
42         context.setAttribute("count", count);
43         System.out.println("您是第" + count + "个访问的!");
44
45     }
46
47     @Override
48     public void destroy() {
49         super.destroy();
50     }
51
52 }


从上述代码中可见通过getServletContext()方法可以直接获得ServletContext的引用。


二、Spring和ServletContext的关系

缘何这两货会扯上关系呢?

在使用Spring的时候想必对如下代码肯定熟悉:

1 // 获取Spring容器
2 ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
3
4 // 从Spring容器中根据id获得对象的引用
5 User user = (User) ctx.getBean("user");
6
7 // 调用对象的方法
8 user.add();


这样做是最低级的,也就是通过加载配置文件来获得Spring容器,再来获取对象的应用,在Web项目中,每次都通过加载配置文件显得效率低下,而且繁琐,这里介绍一种另外的方法。想在Web项目启动的时候就把Spring容器也给启动了,不用每次都手动去启动。

这里就用到了上面介绍的ServletContext了,每次Web项目启动的时候都会创建ServletContext对象,而该对象又有一个ServletContextListener的接口,监视ServletContext的创建,这样就可以调用这个接口的回调方法来启动Spring容器了。(但是这里我有个疑问,随着项目启动的不止有ServletContext啊,过滤器好像也随着项目启动,为啥不在过滤器的init()方法里面启动Spring容器呢?)

先来看看这个接口是啥定义:

 

1 package javax.servlet;
2
3 import java.util.EventListener;
4
5 /**
6  * Implementations of this interface receive notifications about changes to the
7  * servlet context of the web application they are part of. To receive
8  * notification events, the implementation class must be configured in the
9  * deployment descriptor for the web application.
10  */
11
12 public interface ServletContextListener extends EventListener {
13
14     /**
15      ** Notification that the web application initialization process is starting.
16      * All ServletContextListeners are notified of context initialization before
17      * any filter or servlet in the web application is initialized.
18      */
19     public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce);
20
21     /**
22      ** Notification that the servlet context is about to be shut down. All
23      * servlets and filters have been destroy()ed before any
24      * ServletContextListeners are notified of context destruction.
25      */
26     public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce);
27 }
28


 

第一段注释描述的是:这个接口的实现接受和Web应用关联的servlet context的变更的通知。为了接受通知事件,这个类的实现必须在web应用的部署描述符配置。

第二段注释的描述是:通知是在Web应用初始化的时候开始的。所有的ServletContextListeners都会在web应用中任何的filter和servlet初始话之前接收到context初始化的时候通知。

第三段注释的描述是:servlet context将要被关闭的时候的通知。所有的filter和servlet会在任何ServletContextListeners收到context销毁的通知之前就被销毁了。

另外再来看看ServeletContextEvent.java

1 package javax.servlet;
2
3 /**
4  * This is the event class for notifications about changes to the servlet
5  * context of a web application.
6  *
7  * @see ServletContextListener
8  * @since v 2.3
9  */
10 public class ServletContextEvent extends java.util.EventObject {
11
12     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
13
14     /**
15      * Construct a ServletContextEvent from the given context.
16      *
17      * @param source
18      *            - the ServletContext that is sending the event.
19      */
20     public ServletContextEvent(ServletContext source) {
21         super(source);
22     }
23
24     /**
25      * Return the ServletContext that changed.
26      *
27      * @return the ServletContext that sent the event.
28      */
29     public ServletContext getServletContext() {
30         return (ServletContext) super.getSource();
31     }
32 }


public ServletContextEvent(ServletContext source);这个方法是从一个给定的ServletContext构建一个ServletContextEvent。而public ServletContext getServletContext();则是返回已经改变的ServletContext,暂时不知道有啥用,是不是给监听器塞ServletContext用的啊?

想自己也写一个ServletContextListener呢!

1 package com.servletContext.demo;
2
3 import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
4 import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
5 import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
6
7 public class MyServletContextListener implements ServletContextListener {
8
9     @Override
10     public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
11
12         // 从web.xml中拿出添加的参数
13         ServletContext ctx = sce.getServletContext();
14         String initParam = ctx.getInitParameter("myContextListener");
15         System.out.println("我配置的初始化参数为:" + initParam);
16
17         // 利用初始化参数找到配置文件机型初始化
18         System.out.println("context初始化了咯");
19         System.out.println("这里假装初始化Spring容器.....");
20
21     }
22
23     @Override
24     public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
25
26         // 在销毁之前获得ServletContext
27         ServletContext ctx = sce.getServletContext();
28
29         // 正好刚刚存了一个值进去了,销毁之前拿出来瞅瞅
30         Integer count = (Integer) ctx.getAttribute("count");
31
32         System.out.println("在销毁之前,count的值为:" + count);
33
34     }
35
36 }
37


这他喵的居然真的可以!

web.xml为:

1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
3   <display-name>ServletContext</display-name>
4   <welcome-file-list>
5     <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
6     <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
7     <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
8     <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
9     <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
10     <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
11   </welcome-file-list>
12
13     <!-- 假装为Spring监听器提供启动参数,其实是给ServletContext提供的 -->
14     <context-param>
15         <param-name>myContextListener</param-name>
16         <!-- 这里如果bean.xml在包cn.ssh下,那么就应该写为:cn/ssh/bean.xml -->
17         <param-value>这是我设置的值</param-value>
18     </context-param>
19
20     <!-- 配置Spring的监听器 -->
21     <listener>
22         <listener-class>com.servletContext.demo.MyServletContextListener</listener-class>
23     </listener>
24
25   <servlet>
26     <servlet-name>count</servlet-name>
27     <servlet-class>com.servletContext.demo.CounterServlet</servlet-class>
28   </servlet>
29   <servlet-mapping>
30     <servlet-name>count</servlet-name>
31     <url-pattern>/counter</url-pattern>
32   </servlet-mapping>
33
34 </web-app>


测试结果为:





看来真的是可以了,这里关闭服务器的时候Console中的内容也被清除了,暂时没有看到ServletContext销毁时的消息。

 

Spring提供的是ContextLoaderListener,这个监听器实现了ServletContextListener接口,可以作为Listener使用,它会在创建的时候自动查找WEB-INF/下的applicationContext.xml文件,因此,如果只有一个配置文件,并且文件名为applicationContext.xml,则只需要在web.xml中加入对Listener的配置就可以。

如果有多个配置文件需要加载,则要考虑使用<context-param.../>元素来确定配置文件的文件名。ContextLoaderListener加载的时候,会查找名为contextConfigLocation的初始化参数。因此<context-param.../>时应该指定参数名为contextConfigLocation。

1 <!-- 为Spring监听器提供启动参数 -->
2 <context-param>
3     <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
4     <!-- 这里如果bean.xml在包cn.ssh下,那么就应该写为:cn/ssh/bean.xml -->
5     <param-value>classpath:bean.xml</param-value>
6 </context-param>
7
8 <!-- 配置Spring的监听器 -->
9 <listener>
10     <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
11 </listener>


如果没有使用contextConfigLocation指定配置文件,则Spring自动查找applicationContext.xml配置文件;如果有contextConfigLocation,则利用该参数确定配置文件。如果无法找到适合的配置文件,Spring将无法初始化。

Spring根据指定的文件创建WebApplicationContext对象,并将其保存在Web应用的ServletContext中。大部分情况下,应用中的Bean无需感受到ApplicationContext的存在,只要用ApplicationContext中的IoC即可。

这个监听器所在的jar包为:





如果需要利用ApplicationContext的实例,可以通过如下代码获取:

1 package com.ssh.domain;
2
3 import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
4 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
5
6 import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
7 import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
8 import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils;
9
10 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
11 import com.ssh.test.TestAdd;
12
13 public class TestAction extends ActionSupport {
14
15     @Override
16     public String execute() throws Exception {
17
18         HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
19         ServletContext servletContext = request.getServletContext();
20         // 这里不是通过依赖注入,而是直接从容器中拿
21         WebApplicationContext ctx = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
22
23         // 也可以是下面这样的
24         WebApplicationContext ctx1 = (WebApplicationContext)
25                 servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE);
26
27         if(ctx == ctx1) {
28             System.out.println("两次获得对象是一样的");
29         }
30
31         TestAdd testAdd = (TestAdd) ctx.getBean("testAdd");
32         testAdd.add();
33
34         return NONE;
35     }
36 }


TestAdd.java

1 package com.ssh.test;
2
3 public class TestAdd {
4
5     public void add( ) {
6         System.out.println("通过WebContext获得的而打印....");
7     }
8
9 }


 

测试结果为:http://localhost:8080/spring_struts2/testAction





三、瞧瞧Spring提供的ContextLoaderListener代码是咋写的

打开源码,就蛋疼了,有封装了一下:

1 package org.springframework.web.context;
2
3 import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
4 import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
5
6 /**
7  * Bootstrap listener to start up and shut down Spring's root {@link WebApplicationContext}.
8  * Simply delegates to {@link ContextLoader} as well as to {@link ContextCleanupListener}.
9  *
10  * <p>This listener should be registered after {@link org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener}
11  * in {@code web.xml}, if the latter is used.
12  *
13  * <p>As of Spring 3.1, {@code ContextLoaderListener} supports injecting the root web
14  * application context via the {@link #ContextLoaderListener(WebApplicationContext)}
15  * constructor, allowing for programmatic configuration in Servlet 3.0+ environments.
16  * See {@link org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer} for usage examples.
17  *
18  * @author Juergen Hoeller
19  * @author Chris Beams
20  * @since 17.02.2003
21  * @see #setContextInitializers
22  * @see org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer
23  * @see org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener
24  */
25 public class ContextLoaderListener extends ContextLoader implements ServletContextListener {
26
27     /**
28      * Create a new {@code ContextLoaderListener} that will create a web application
29      * context based on the "contextClass" and "contextConfigLocation" servlet
30      * context-params. See {@link ContextLoader} superclass documentation for details on
31      * default values for each.
32      * <p>This constructor is typically used when declaring {@code ContextLoaderListener}
33      * as a {@code <listener>} within {@code web.xml}, where a no-arg constructor is
34      * required.
35      * <p>The created application context will be registered into the ServletContext under
36      * the attribute name {@link WebApplicationContext#ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE}
37      * and the Spring application context will be closed when the {@link #contextDestroyed}
38      * lifecycle method is invoked on this listener.
39      * @see ContextLoader
40      * @see #ContextLoaderListener(WebApplicationContext)
41      * @see #contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent)
42      * @see #contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent)
43      */
44     public ContextLoaderListener() {
45     }
46
47     /**
48      * Create a new {@code ContextLoaderListener} with the given application context. This
49      * constructor is useful in Servlet 3.0+ environments where instance-based
50      * registration of listeners is possible through the {@link javax.servlet.ServletContext#addListener}
51      * API.
52      * <p>The context may or may not yet be {@linkplain
53      * org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext#refresh() refreshed}. If it
54      * (a) is an implementation of {@link ConfigurableWebApplicationContext} and
55      * (b) has <strong>not</strong> already been refreshed (the recommended approach),
56      * then the following will occur:
57      * <ul>
58      * <li>If the given context has not already been assigned an {@linkplain
59      * org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext#setId id}, one will be assigned to it</li>
60      * <li>{@code ServletContext} and {@code ServletConfig} objects will be delegated to
61      * the application context</li>
62      * <li>{@link #customizeContext} will be called</li>
63      * <li>Any {@link org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer ApplicationContextInitializer}s
64      * specified through the "contextInitializerClasses" init-param will be applied.</li>
65      * <li>{@link org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext#refresh refresh()} will be called</li>
66      * </ul>
67      * If the context has already been refreshed or does not implement
68      * {@code ConfigurableWebApplicationContext}, none of the above will occur under the
69      * assumption that the user has performed these actions (or not) per his or her
70      * specific needs.
71      * <p>See {@link org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer} for usage examples.
72      * <p>In any case, the given application context will be registered into the
73      * ServletContext under the attribute name {@link
74      * WebApplicationContext#ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE} and the Spring
75      * application context will be closed when the {@link #contextDestroyed} lifecycle
76      * method is invoked on this listener.
77      * @param context the application context to manage
78      * @see #contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent)
79      * @see #contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent)
80      */
81     public ContextLoaderListener(WebApplicationContext context) {
82         super(context);
83     }
84
85
86     /**
87      * Initialize the root web application context.
88      */
89     @Override
90     public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
91         initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
92     }
93
94
95     /**
96      * Close the root web application context.
97      */
98     @Override
99     public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {
100         closeWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
101         ContextCleanupListener.cleanupAttributes(event.getServletContext());
102     }
103
104 }


源码果然是个好东西,平时敲代码那会注意到这么多细节

这个类不复杂,两个构造方法,外加一个初始化的时候创建Spring容器和服务关闭的时候对容器的清理,封装了之后还要看其他的类,哎。

首先第一段注释是对这个类的描述:

这个启动监听器是用开启和关闭Spring的root的,这里他用了root而不是容器。简单的代理给了ContextLoader和ContextCleanupListener这两个类来处理。

如果这个org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener被用到了,那么ContextLoaderListener应该在它之后注册。

在Spring3.1中,ContextLoaderListener支持通过ContextLoaderListener(WebApplicationContext)这个构造方法向应用上下文中注入root(也就是Spring的容器),这样可以以编程的方式来配置Servlet 3.0+的环境。

第二段注释是,新建一个ContextLoaderListener的类将会基于Servlet的"contextClass"和"contextCofigLocation"这两个参数来创建web应用的上下文。

翻译的好累啊,反正意思差不多就是这样5555....

来看这段代码:

1 /**
2 * Initialize the root web application context.
3 */
4 @Override
5 public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
6     initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
7 }


这个initWebApplicationContext方法是ContextLoad.java这个类里面的方法。

1 /**
2  * Initialize Spring's web application context for the given servlet context,
3  * using the application context provided at construction time, or creating a new one
4  * according to the "{@link #CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM contextClass}" and
5  * "{@link #CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM contextConfigLocation}" context-params.
6  * @param servletContext current servlet context
7  * @return the new WebApplicationContext
8  * @see #ContextLoader(WebApplicationContext)
9  * @see #CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM
10  * @see #CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM
11  */
12 public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
13     if (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {
14             throw new IllegalStateException(
15                     "Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - " +
16                     "check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");
17         }
18
19     Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);
20     servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext");
21     if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
22         logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started");
23     }
24     long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
25
26     try {
27         // Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that
28         // it is available on ServletContext shutdown.
29         if (this.context == null) {
30             this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
31         }
32         if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
33             ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context;
34             if (!cwac.isActive()) {
35                 // The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
36                 // setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
37                 if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
38                     // The context instance was injected without an explicit parent ->
39                     // determine parent for root web application context, if any.
40                     ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext);
41                     cwac.setParent(parent);
42                 }
43                 configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);
44             }
45         }
46         servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);
47
48         ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
49         if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {
50             currentContext = this.context;
51         }
52         else if (ccl != null) {
53             currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context);
54         }
55
56         if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
57             logger.debug("Published root WebApplicationContext as ServletContext attribute with name [" +
58                         WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE + "]");
59         }
60         if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
61             long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
62             logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in " + elapsedTime + " ms");
63         }
64
65         return this.context;
66     }
67     catch (RuntimeException ex) {
68         logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
69         servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, ex);
70         throw ex;
71     }
72     catch (Error err) {
73         logger.error("Context initialization failed", err);
74         servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, err);
75         throw err;
76     }
77 }


ContextLoad.initWebApplicationContext是为给定的servlet context来初始化web应用的上下文的。

业务逻辑解读:

首先从ServletContext中看看有没有Spring创建的这个容器;

然后为ContextLoader存一份实例变量,使得在ServletContext关闭之后仍可以访问;

1 this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);


这句就是创建一个WebApplicationContext相当于我们自己加载配置文件的那个类。

1 configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);


这句话也很明显,就是配置并且刷新WebAppCtx的。

1 servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);


这句将创建的Spring的context作为属性放到servletContext中。

1 return this.context;


然后就返回了Spring的容器了.....是不是简洁(装逼装不下去了),调用链好长。

暂时只能分析到这里!

装载:https://www.cnblogs.com/tuhooo/p/6491903.html
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