iOS开发：发短信、发邮件、打电话及摇一摇实现

简介

在iOS开发中，可能会用到发短信、发邮件、打电话及摇一摇等功能，比如在应用程序的‘关于’界面，我们可能会留下电话号码或邮箱等联系方式，为了方便用户直接在应用程序中做操作，提升用户体验，我们会设计一些交互动作，让用户轻松的去发短信、打电话或发邮件等。如下我将简单介绍几种功能的具体实现方法。需要注意的是，如下功能的实现必须通过真机调试，模拟器暂不支持如上功能。

打电话

methods 1：直接跳转到打电话界面

NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[@"tel://电话号码"];

[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

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缺陷：直接拨打，不提示。

methods 2：直接跳转到打电话界面，有提示

NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[@"telprompt://电话号码"];

[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

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methods 3：基于UIWebView实现打电话功能，有提示

UIWebView *webView = [[UIWebView alloc] init];

NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[@"tel://电话号码"];

[webView loadRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url]];

[self.view addSubview:webView];

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发短信

methods 1：直接跳转到发送短信界面

NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[@"sms://手机号码"];

[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

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缺陷：不能定义发送短信的内容，且发完短信后不能自动回到原应用。

methods 2：使用 MessageUI 框架发送短信

注意：需要包含头文件 #import 

MFMessageComposeViewController *msgVc = [[MFMessageComposeViewController alloc] init];

// 设置短信内容
msgVc.body = @"您好，今天天气不错，一起出去玩么？";

// 设置收件人列表
msgVc.recipients = @[电话号码];

// 设置代理
msgVc.messageComposeDelegate = self;

// 显示控制器
[self presentViewController:msgVc animated:YES completion:nil];
}

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实现代理方法：

// 点击取消按钮会自动调用
- (void)messageComposeViewController:(MFMessageComposeViewController *)controller didFinishWithResult:(MessageComposeResult)result {

[controller dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:nil];

}

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发邮件

methods 1：用自带的邮件客户端

NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[@"mailto://邮箱地址"];

[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

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methods 2：使用 MessageUI 框架发送邮件

// 异常处理
if (![MFMailComposeViewController canSendMail]) {
return;
}

MFMailComposeViewController *mailVc = [[MFMailComposeViewController alloc] init];

// 设置邮件主题
[mailVc setSubject:@"部门会议"];

// 设置邮件内容
[mailVc setMessageBody:@"下午3点半，召开部门会议，请准时参加。" isHTML:NO];

// 设置收件人列表
[mailVc setToRecipients:@[收件人邮箱地址]];

// 设置抄送人列表
[mailVc setCcRecipients:@[抄送人邮箱地址]];

// 设置代理
mailVc.mailComposeDelegate = self;

// 显示控制器
[self presentViewController:mailVc animated:YES completion:nil];

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实现代理方法

#pragma mark - MFMailComposeViewControllerDelegate
- (void)mailComposeController:(MFMailComposeViewController *)controller didFinishWithResult:(MFMailComposeResult)result error:(NSError *)error {

[controller dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:nil];

}

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摇一摇

iOS本身支持摇一摇功能，在UIResponder中存在如下方法：

// 1、检测到摇动
- (void)motionBegan:(UIEventSubtype)motion withEvent:(nullable UIEvent *)event NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_0);

// 2、摇动结束
- (void)motionEnded:(UIEventSubtype)motion withEvent:(nullable UIEvent *)event NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_0);

// 3、摇动取消
- (void)motionCancelled:(UIEventSubtype)motion withEvent:(nullable UIEvent *)event NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_0);

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使用摇一摇功能实际很简单，首先你只需调用如下方法让控制器支持摇动即可：

[[UIApplication sharedApplication] setApplicationSupportsShakeToEdit:YES];

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其次你还需将视图控制器成为第一响应者，如下所示：

[self becomeFirstResponder];

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代码示例：

#import "ViewController.h"

@interface ViewController ()

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];

[[UIApplication sharedApplication] setApplicationSupportsShakeToEdit:YES];

[self becomeFirstResponder];
}

#pragma mark - Motion methos
- (void)motionBegan:(UIEventSubtype)motion withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
NSLog(@"检测到摇动");
}

- (void)motionCancelled:(UIEventSubtype)motion withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
NSLog(@"摇动取消");
}

- (void)motionEnded:(UIEventSubtype)motion withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
NSLog(@"摇动结束");

if (event.subtype == UIEventSubtypeMotionShake) {
// 处理业务逻辑
}
}

@end

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打电话、发短信、发邮件案例

效果展示

代码示例

#import "ViewController.h"
#import <MessageUI/MessageUI.h>

#define Screen_Width [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width

@interface ViewController () <MFMessageComposeViewControllerDelegate, MFMailComposeViewControllerDelegate>

@property (nonatomic, strong) UITextField *textField;
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIButton *callBtn;
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIButton *sendMsgBtn;
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIButton *sendEmailBtn;

- (void)initializeUserInterface; /**< 初始化用户界面 */

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
[self initializeUserInterface];
}

#pragma mark - Initialize
- (void)initializeUserInterface {
self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];

[self.view addSubview:self.textField];
[self.view addSubview:self.callBtn];
[self.view addSubview:self.sendMsgBtn];
[self.view addSubview:self.sendEmailBtn];
}

#pragma mark - Events
- (void)respondsToCallBtn:(UIButton *)sender {

[self.view endEditing:YES];

NSString *phoneNumber = self.textField.text;

// 方法一：
// NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[@"tel://" stringByAppendingString:phoneNumber]];
// [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

// 方法二：
// NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[@"telprompt://" stringByAppendingString:phoneNumber]];
// [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

// 方法三：
UIWebView *webView = [[UIWebView alloc] init];
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[@"tel://" stringByAppendingString:phoneNumber]];
[webView loadRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url]];
[self.view addSubview:webView];

}

- (void)respondsToSendMsgBtn:(UIButton *)sender {
[self.view endEditing:YES];

NSString *phoneNumber = self.textField.text;

// 方法一：直接跳转到发短信界面
// 缺点：不能定义发送短信的内容，且发完短信后不能自动回到原应用。

// NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[@"sms://" stringByAppendingString:phoneNumber]];
// [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

// 方法二：使用MessageUI 框架发送短信，需要包含头文件 #import <MessageUI/MessageUI.h>

MFMessageComposeViewController *msgVc = [[MFMessageComposeViewController alloc] init];
// 设置短信内容
msgVc.body = @"您好，今天天气不错，一起出去玩么？";
// 设置收件人列表
msgVc.recipients = @[phoneNumber];
// 设置代理
msgVc.messageComposeDelegate = self;
// 显示控制器
[self presentViewController:msgVc animated:YES completion:nil];
}

- (void)respondsToSendEamilBtn:(UIButton *)sender {
[self.view endEditing:YES];

NSString *email = self.textField.text;

// 方法一：用自带的邮件客户端
// 缺点：发完邮件后不会自动回到原应用
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[@"mailto://" stringByAppendingString:email]];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];

// 方法二：类似于发短信的第二种方法
// 异常处理
/*
if (![MFMailComposeViewController canSendMail]) {
return;
}
MFMailComposeViewController *mailVc = [[MFMailComposeViewController alloc] init];
// 设置邮件主题
[mailVc setSubject:@"部门会议"];
// 设置邮件内容
[mailVc setMessageBody:@"下午3点半，召开部门会议，请准时参加。" isHTML:NO];
// 设置收件人列表
[mailVc setToRecipients:@[email]];
// 设置抄送人列表
[mailVc setCcRecipients:@[]];
// 设置代理
mailVc.mailComposeDelegate = self;
// 显示控制器
[self presentViewController:mailVc animated:YES completion:nil];
*/
}

#pragma mark - Touches
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
[self.view endEditing:YES];
}

#pragma mark - MFMessageComposeViewControllerDelegate
// 点击取消按钮会自动调用
- (void)messageComposeViewController:(MFMessageComposeViewController *)controller didFinishWithResult:(MessageComposeResult)result {
[controller dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:nil];
}

#pragma mark - MFMailComposeViewControllerDelegate
- (void)mailComposeController:(MFMailComposeViewController *)controller didFinishWithResult:(MFMailComposeResult)result error:(NSError *)error {
[controller dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:nil];
}

#pragma mark - Getters
// 打电话布局
- (UITextField *)textField {
if (!_textField) {
_textField = [[UITextField alloc] init];
_textField.bounds = CGRectMake(0, 0, Screen_Width * 0.85, 45);
_textField.center = CGPointMake(Screen_Width * 0.5, 64 + CGRectGetMidY(_textField.bounds) + 10);
_textField.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
_textField.placeholder = @"请输入手机号码或邮箱";
_textField.clearButtonMode = UITextFieldViewModeWhileEditing;
_textField.borderStyle = UITextBorderStyleBezel;
}
return _textField;
}

- (UIButton *)callBtn {
if (!_callBtn) {
_callBtn = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeSystem];
_callBtn.bounds = CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 30);
_callBtn.center = CGPointMake(Screen_Width * 0.5, CGRectGetMaxY(self.textField.frame) + CGRectGetMidX(_callBtn.bounds) + 20);
_callBtn.titleLabel.font = [UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:20];
[_callBtn setTitle:@"拨打电话" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[_callBtn addTarget:self action:@selector(respondsToCallBtn:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
}
return _callBtn;
}

// 发消息
- (UIButton *)sendMsgBtn {
if (!_sendMsgBtn) {
_sendMsgBtn = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeSystem];
_sendMsgBtn.bounds = CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 30);
_sendMsgBtn.center = CGPointMake(Screen_Width * 0.5, CGRectGetMaxY(self.callBtn.frame) + CGRectGetMidY(_sendMsgBtn.bounds) + 20);
_sendMsgBtn.titleLabel.font = [UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:20];
[_sendMsgBtn setTitle:@"发送信息" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[_sendMsgBtn addTarget:self action:@selector(respondsToSendMsgBtn:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
}
return _sendMsgBtn;
}

// 发邮件
- (UIButton *)sendEmailBtn {
if (!_sendEmailBtn) {
_sendEmailBtn = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeSystem];
_sendEmailBtn.bounds = CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 30);
_sendEmailBtn.center = CGPointMake(Screen_Width * 0.5, CGRectGetMaxY(self.sendMsgBtn.frame) + CGRectGetMidY(_sendEmailBtn.bounds) + 20);
_sendEmailBtn.titleLabel.font = [UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:20];
[_sendEmailBtn setTitle:@"发送邮件" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[_sendEmailBtn addTarget:self action:@selector(respondsToSendEamilBtn:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
}
return _sendEmailBtn;
}

@end