postgresql编译安装及配置

1、建立postgres用户
[root@nfs source]# adduser postgres

2、下载postgresql源码
[root@nfs source]# pwd

/home/postgres/source
[root@nfs source]# wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v9.6.1/postgresql-9.6.1.tar.gz
3、编译安装postgresql：
[root@nfs source]# pwd

/home/postgres/source
[root@nfs source]# tar zxf postgresql-9.6.1.tar.gz
[root@nfs source]# cd postgresql-9.6.1
[root@nfs postgresql-9.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql9.6.1
[root@nfs postgresql-9.6.1]# gmake -j 8
[root@nfs postgresql-9.6.1]# gmake install

4.初始化数据库：

mkdir -p /data/postgresql5.6/data
chown -R postgres.postgres /data/postgresql5.6/data
[root@nfs postgresql-9.6.1]# su - postgres
[postgres@cacti data]$
/usr/local/pgsql9.6/bin/initdb --no-locale -D /data/postgresql5.6/data -E utf8 -U postgres -W

[postgres@cacti data]$ /usr/local/pgsql9.6/bin/initdb --no-locale -D /data/postgresql5.6/data -E utf8 -U postgres -W
The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
This user must also own the server process.
The database cluster will be initialized with locale "C".

The default text search configuration will be set to "english".
Data page checksums are disabled.

Enter new superuser password: （要求输入超级用户postgres密码）

Enter it again:
fixing permissions on existing directory /data/postgresql5.6/data ... ok

creating subdirectories ... ok
selecting default max_connections ... 100
selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
creating configuration files ... ok
running bootstrap script ... ok
performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
syncing data to disk ... ok
WARNING: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections

You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or
--auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.
Success. You can now start the database server using:

/usr/local/pgsql9.6/bin/pg_ctl -D /data/postgresql5.6/data -l logfile start

/usr/local/pgsql9.6/bin/initdb --no-locale -D /data/postgresql5.6/data -E utf8 -U postgres -W

5.初始化数据库的参数介绍：
initdb [OPTION] [DATADIR]

选项：
-A,--auth=METHOD:指定本地连接的认证方法
[-D,--pgdata=]DATADIR:指定数据库簇的原始目录(必须为空)
-E,--encoding=ENCODING:指定数据库的默认编码
--locale=LOCALE:设置数据库的locale
--no-locale:等价--locale=C
--pwfile=FILE:从指定的文件FILE中读取超级用户的密码
-T,--text-search-config=CFG：指定默认的配置
-U,--username=Username:指定用户名
-W,--pwprompt:强制提示密码输入
-X,--xlogdir=XLOGDIR:指定事务日志的目录文件

[postgres@cacti data]$ ls
base pg_clog pg_dynshmem pg_ident.conf pg_multixact pg_replslot pg_snapshots pg_stat_tmp pg_tblspc PG_VERSION postgresql.auto.conf
global pg_commit_ts pg_hba.conf pg_logical pg_notify pg_serial pg_stat pg_subtrans pg_twophase pg_xlog postgresql.conf

6、配置postgresql.conf
允许服务监听范围，0.0.0.0允许监听所有 IPv4 地址
listen_addresses = '0.0.0.0'
port = 10637
#用户访问日志格式
log_destination = 'csvlog'
#启用用户访问日志收集器
logging_collector = on
##指定运行日志存放路径，指定运行日志文件名称
log_directory = '/data/postgresql5.6/log'
log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log'

7、配置pg_hba.conf
#只给本地和192.168.0.0连接

host all all 127.0.0.1/32 md5
host all all 192.168.0.0/24 md5

8、配置Postgresql环境变量
在/etc/profile文件中增加下面内容

PGDATA=/data/postgresql5.6/data

PGHOST=127.0.0.1
PGDATABASE=postgres
PGUSER=postgres
PGPORT=10637
##PGPASSWORD="123456"
PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/bin:$PATH
export PGDATA PGHOST PGDATABASE PGUSER PGPORT PATH PGPASSWORD

环境变量生效
[root@nfs postgresql-9.6]# source /etc/profile

[root@nfs postgresql-9.6]# which psql
/usr/local/pgsql9.6/bin/psql

9.下面配置postgresql的动态库到搜索路径中

[root@nfs postgresql-9.6]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/pgsql.conf

/usr/local/pgsql/lib
搜索路径生效
[root@nfs postgresql-9.6]# ldconfig

[root@cacti jumpserver]# ldconfig -p | grep libpq
libpqwalreceiver.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/pgsql9.6/lib/libpqwalreceiver.so
libpq.so.5 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/pgsql9.6/lib/libpq.so.5
libpq.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/pgsql9.6/lib/libpq.so

10、启动PostgreSQL服务
因为我们上面配置了环境变量，所以我们可以这样启动服务
[root@nfs postgresql-9.6.1]# su - postgres
[postgres@nfs postgresql-9.6]$ pg_ctl start
该命令与下面的语句是一样的效果
[postgres@nfs postgresql-9.6 ]$ /usr/local/pgsql9.6/bin/pg_ctl -D /data/postgresql5.6/data start