Django 权限认证 编写 -- 根据不同的用户，设置不同的显示和访问权限

示意图：



html：（模态框等 html和js代码，参考：Django 创建/删除用户）

{#  权限管理  #}
<div id="permissionManageDiv" style="margin-left: 10px; display: none;">
<div>
<h4 style="margin-top: 15px;">选择用户</h4>
<hr style="margin-top: 5px;" />
<select name="usernamePermission" id="usernamePermission" class="selectpicker" data-live-search="true">
{% for user in users %}
<option value="{{ user.username }}">{{ user.username }}</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>
<hr />
</div>

<div>
<h4 style="margin-top: 15px;">勾选权限</h4>
<hr style="margin-top: 5px;" />
<div style="margin-bottom: 10px;">
<div class="input-group input-group-lg" style="float: left; margin-right: 10px;">
<span class="input-group-addon">玩家管理</span>
<span class="input-group-addon">
<input type="checkbox" name="permissionList" value="0" />
</span>
</div>
<div class="input-group input-group-lg" style="float: left; margin-right: 10px;">
<span class="input-group-addon">联盟管理</span>
<span class="input-group-addon">
<input type="checkbox" name="permissionList" value="1" />
</span>
</div>
<div class="input-group input-group-lg" style="float: left; margin-right: 10px;">
<span class="input-group-addon">公告邮件</span>
<span class="input-group-addon">
<input type="checkbox" name="permissionList" value="2" />
</span>
</div>
<div class="input-group input-group-lg" style="float: left; margin-right: 10px;">
<span class="input-group-addon">订单系统</span>
<span class="input-group-addon">
<input type="checkbox" name="permissionList" value="3" />
</span>
</div>
<div class="input-group input-group-lg" style="">
<span class="input-group-addon">礼包奖励</span>
<span class="input-group-addon">
<input type="checkbox" name="permissionList" value="4" />
</span>
</div>
</div>

<div>
<div class="input-group input-group-lg" style="float: left; margin-right: 10px;">
<span class="input-group-addon">客服反馈</span>
<span class="input-group-addon">
<input type="checkbox" name="permissionList" value="5" />
</span>
</div>
<div class="input-group input-group-lg" style="float: left; margin-right: 10px;">
<span class="input-group-addon">玩家日志</span>
<span class="input-group-addon">
<input type="checkbox" name="permissionList" value="6" />
</span>
</div>
<div class="input-group input-group-lg" style="float: left; margin-right: 10px;">
<span class="input-group-addon">服务器管理</span>
<span class="input-group-addon">
<input type="checkbox" name="permissionList" value="7" />
</span>
</div>
<div class="input-group input-group-lg">
<span class="input-group-addon">管理员管理</span>
<span class="input-group-addon">
<input type="checkbox" name="permissionList" value="8" />
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<button type="button" id="changePermissionBtn" class="btn btn-default" style="width: 100px; margin-top: 15px;" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#alertTip" data-whatever="重置权限？" >提  交</button>
</div>

js：

// 修改权限
function changePermission() {
var permissionList = $('input[name="permissionList"]:checked');
var permissions = '';
$.each(permissionList, function (index, value, array) {
if (index+1 == permissionList.length) {   // 最后一位，不加逗号
permissions += permissionList[index].value;
} else {
permissions += permissionList[index].value + ', ';
}
});
$.ajax({
url: '/changePermission',
type: 'POST',
data: {
username: $('#usernamePermission').val(),
permissions: permissions
},
success: function (data, textStatus) {
if (data == 1) {
alert('修改成功！');
window.location.href = 'index';

} else if (data == -1) {
alert('未知错误！');
}
},
error: function (XMLHttpRequest, textStatus, errorThrown) {
alert(errorThrown);
}
})
}

Django models 中，建立 模型： （这一步很重要！！！）

– 建立好后，记得用 makemigrations 和 migrate 同步一下！！

from django.db import models

class Permission(models.Model):
class Meta:
#权限信息，这里定义的权限的名字，后面是描述信息，描述信息是在django admin中显示权限用的
permissions = (
('views_slg_users_tem', '查看玩家管理'),
('views_slg_alliance_tem', '查看联盟管理'),
('views_slg_mail_notice_tem', '查看公告邮件'),
('views_slg_order_tem', '查看订单系统'),
('views_slg_reward_tem', '查看礼包奖励'),
('views_slg_service_reply_tem', '查看客服反馈'),
('views_slg_user_log_tem', '查看玩家日志'),
('views_slg_server_tem', '查看服务器管理'),
('views_slg_manager_tem', '查看管理员管理'),
)

建立好后，数据库表(auth_permission)类似于这样： （id 那一列，很重要！！我们后面添加权限要用到的！！）



后端python–views视图：

from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required, permission_required
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.views.decorators.http import require_http_methods
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from slg.models.slg.slg_manager_tem import db_change_permission)

# 修改权限
@login_required(login_url='slg:login')
@require_http_methods(["POST"])
@permission_required('slg.views_slg_manager_tem', login_url='slg:get_permissionDenied')
def change_permission(request):
permissionsList = [
'views_slg_users_tem',
'views_slg_mail_notice_tem',
'views_slg_order_tem',
'views_slg_reward_tem',
'views_slg_service_reply_tem',
'views_slg_user_log_tem',
'views_slg_server_tem',
'views_slg_manager_tem'
]
username = request.POST['username']
permissions = request.POST['permissions'].split(', ')

if permissions[0] != '':   # 不为空时
for index, value in enumerate(permissions):
permissions[index] = permissionsList[int(value)]    # 将 数字 替换为 上面数组中的 字符串
print(permissions)
else:
permissions = []

changeResult = db_change_permission(username, permissions)
return HttpResponse(changeResult)

后端python–models视图：

from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate
from django.db.utils import IntegrityError
from . import db_models as db

# 修改权限
def db_change_permission(username, permissions):
try:

cba9
user = User.objects.get(username=username)
if permissions:
pers = []
for per in permissions:
db_per = db.AuthPermission.objects.filter(codename=per).values('id')[0]['id']   # 只把 id 取出来
pers.append(db_per)
#print(pers)   # 形如： [147, 150, 152]  数字为 auth_permission 中的 id
user.user_permissions = pers  # 这里，只能 加 id，加 codename 是不行的！！！

else:
user.user_permissions.clear()
User.objects.get(username=username)   # 刷新 缓存
#print(user.get_all_permissions())

except Exception:
return -1
else:
return 1   # 修改成功

错误页面相关： （它是类似于：403， 404 等页面的汇总，也需要设置相关路由）

permissionDenied.html：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
{% load staticfiles %}
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>403</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>403</h1>
<h2>You don't have enought permissions to this action!</h2>
</body>
</html>

view视图：

from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from django.views.decorators.http import require_http_methods
from django.shortcuts import render

# GET 渲染 403页面
@login_required(login_url='slg:login')
@require_http_methods(["GET", "POST"])
def get_permissionDenied(request):
return render(request, 'slg/permissionDenied.html')

url路由：

'''总路由，路由分发地'''
from django.conf.urls import url, include

urlpatterns = [
url(r'^', include('slg.urls.slg.error')),                      # 错误页面 相关路由
]

'''子路由，这里进入具体的html页面'''
from django.conf.urls import url
from slg.views.slg import error

urlpatterns = [
url(r'^permissionDenied$', error.get_permissionDenied, name='get_permissionDenied'),  # 403页面
]

正常页面的 权限设置：

base.html：（模板页面，所有页面都继承于此）

{% if 'slg.views_slg_users_tem' in perms %}      {#  判断 是否 有访问权限，没有的话，就不显示该菜单  #}
<li role="presentation" class="main-menu" id="top_one">
<a href="{% url 'slg:get_slg_users_tem' %}" style="margin-left: 5px;"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-fire"></span>玩家管理</a>
</li>
{% endif %}

其他 veiws视图 中的设置：

from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required, permission_required
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.views.decorators.http import require_http_methods
from django.shortcuts import render

# GET 渲染页面 （其他的POST请求中，最好也加入 @permission_required 用来限制访问）
@login_required(login_url='slg:login')
@require_http_methods(["GET"])
@permission_required('slg.views_slg_users_tem', login_url='slg:get_permissionDenied')  #权限装饰器
def get_users_tem(request):
perms = User.get_all_permissions(request.user)    #获取 访问请求 用户的 所有权限
context = {"perms": perms}
return render(request, 'slg/slg_users_tem.html', context=context)