SQL - 比较两个数据库的Schema 表结构

方法1：

/*--比较两个数据库的表结构差异--*/

/*--调用示例
exec
p_comparestructure '[YourDB1]','[YourDB2]'
--*/

create proc
p_comparestructure
@dbname1
varchar(250),--要比较的数据库名1
@dbname2
varchar(250)
--要比较的数据库名2
as
create table #tb1(表名1
varchar(250),字段名
varchar(250),序号
int,标识
bit,主键
bit,类型
varchar(250),
占用字节数
int,长度
int,小数位数
int,允许空
bit,默认值
sql_variant,字段说明 sql_variant)

create table #tb2(表名2
varchar(250),字段名
varchar(250),序号
int,标识
bit,主键
bit,类型
varchar(250),
占用字节数
int,长度
int,小数位数
int,允许空
bit,默认值
sql_variant,字段说明 sql_variant)

--得到数据库1的结构
exec('insert
into #tb1 SELECT
表名=d.name,字段名=a.name,序号=a.colid,
标识=case
when a.status=0x80 then 1 else 0 end,
主键=case
when exists(SELECT 1 FROM '+@dbname1+'..sysobjects
where xtype=''PK''
and parent_obj=a.id and name in (
SELECT
name FROM '+@dbname1+'..sysindexes
WHERE indid in(
SELECT
indid FROM '+@dbname1+'..sysindexkeys
WHERE id = a.id AND colid=a.colid
)))
then 1 else 0 end,
类型=b.name,占用字节数=a.length,长度=a.prec,小数位数=a.scale,允许空=a.isnullable,
默认值=isnull(e.text,''''),字段说明=isnull(g.[value],'''')
FROM
'+@dbname1+'..syscolumns
a
left
join '+@dbname1+'..systypes
b on a.xtype=b.xusertype
inner
join '+@dbname1+'..sysobjects
d on a.id=d.id  and d.xtype=''U''
and  d.name <>''dtproperties''
left
join '+@dbname1+'..syscomments
e on a.cdefault=e.id
left
join sys.extended_properties g
ON
a.ID=g.major_id
AND a.COLID=g.minor_id
order
by a.id,a.colorder')

--得到数据库2的结构
exec('insert
into #tb2 SELECT
表名=d.name,字段名=a.name,序号=a.colid,
标识=case
when a.status=0x80 then 1 else 0 end,
主键=case
when exists(SELECT 1 FROM '+@dbname2+'..sysobjects
where xtype=''PK''
and parent_obj=a.id and name in (
SELECT
name FROM '+@dbname2+'..sysindexes
WHERE indid in(
SELECT
indid FROM '+@dbname2+'..sysindexkeys
WHERE id = a.id AND colid=a.colid
)))
then 1 else 0 end,
类型=b.name,占用字节数=a.length,长度=a.prec,小数位数=a.scale,允许空=a.isnullable,
默认值=isnull(e.text,''''),字段说明=isnull(g.[value],'''')
FROM
'+@dbname2+'..syscolumns a left
join '+@dbname2+'..systypes
b on a.xtype=b.xusertype inner
join '+@dbname2+'..sysobjects
d on a.id=d.id  and d.xtype=''U''
and  d.name <>''dtproperties''left
join '+@dbname2+'..syscomments
e on a.cdefault=e.id left
join sys.extended_properties g
ON
a.ID=g.major_id
AND a.COLID=g.minor_id
order
by a.id,a.colorder')
--and not exists (select 1 from #tb2 where 表名2=a.表名1)

select 比较结果=case when a.表名1
is null and b.序号=1
then '库1缺少表：'+b.表名2
when b.表名2
is null and a.序号=1
then '库2缺少表:'+a.表名1
when a.字段名
is null and exists(select 1
from #tb1
where 表名1=b.表名2)
then '库1
['+b.表名2+']
缺少字段：'+b.字段名
when b.字段名
is null and exists(select 1
from #tb2
where 表名2=a.表名1)
then '库2
['+a.表名1+']
缺少字段：'+a.字段名
when a.标识
<>b.标识 then '标识不同'
when a.主键
<>b.主键 then '主键设置不同'
when a.类型
<>b.类型 then '字段类型不同'
when a.占用字节数
<>b.占用字节数 then '占用字节数'
when a.长度
<>b.长度 then '长度不同'
when a.小数位数
<>b.小数位数 then '小数位数不同'
when a.允许空
<>b.允许空 then '是否允许空不同'
when a.默认值
<>b.默认值 then '默认值不同'
when a.字段说明
<>b.字段说明 then '字段说明不同'
else '' end,
*
from #tb1
a
full join #tb2
b on a.表名1=b.表名2
and a.字段名=b.字段名
where a.表名1
is null or a.字段名
is null or b.表名2
is null or b.字段名
is null
or a.标识
<>b.标识 or a.主键
<>b.主键 or a.类型
<>b.类型
or a.占用字节数
<>b.占用字节数 or a.长度
<>b.长度 or a.小数位数
<>b.小数位数
or a.允许空
<>b.允许空 or a.默认值
<>b.默认值 or a.字段说明
<>b.字段说明
order by isnull(a.表名1,b.表名2),isnull(a.序号,b.序号)--isnull(a.字段名,b.字段名)
go

转载自：http://blog.csdn.net/cowbo/article/details/51774722

================================================================

方法2：

如果需要比较两个数据库的结构，可以参考以下脚本：

使用时请将其中的YourSourceDB及YourTargetDB替换成需要比较的两个DB。

DECLARE @Sourcedb sysname
DECLARE @Destdb sysname
DECLARE @Tablename sysname
DECLARE @SQL varchar(max)

SELECT @Sourcedb = '[YourSourceDB]'
SELECT @Destdb   = '[YourTargetDB]'
SELECT @Tablename = '%' --  '%' for all tables

SELECT @SQL = ' SELECT Tablename  = ISNULL(Source.tablename,Destination.tablename)
,ColumnName = ISNULL(Source.Columnname,Destination.Columnname)
,Source.Datatype
,Source.Length
,Source.precision
,Destination.Datatype
,Destination.Length
,Destination.precision
,[Column]  =
Case
When Source.Columnname IS NULL then ''Column Missing in the Source''
When Destination.Columnname IS NULL then ''Column Missing in the Destination''
ELSE ''''
end
,DataType = CASE WHEN Source.Columnname IS NOT NULL
AND Destination.Columnname IS NOT NULL
AND Source.Datatype <> Destination.Datatype THEN ''Data Type mismatch''
END
,Length   = CASE WHEN Source.Columnname IS NOT NULL
AND Destination.Columnname IS NOT NULL
AND Source.Length <> Destination.Length THEN ''Length mismatch''
END
,Precision = CASE WHEN Source.Columnname IS NOT NULL
AND Destination.Columnname IS NOT NULL
AND Source.precision <> Destination.precision THEN ''precision mismatch''
END
,Collation = CASE WHEN Source.Columnname IS NOT NULL
AND Destination.Columnname IS NOT NULL
AND ISNULL(Source.collation_name,'''') <> ISNULL(Destination.collation_name,'''') THEN ''Collation mismatch''
END

FROM
(
SELECT Tablename  = so.name
, Columnname = sc.name
, DataType   = St.name
, Length     = Sc.max_length
, precision  = Sc.precision
, collation_name = Sc.collation_name
FROM ' + @Sourcedb + '.SYS.objects So
JOIN ' + @Sourcedb + '.SYS.columns Sc
ON So.object_id = Sc.object_id
JOIN ' + @Sourcedb + '.SYS.types St
ON Sc.system_type_id = St.system_type_id
AND Sc.user_type_id   = St.user_type_id
WHERE SO.TYPE =''U''
AND SO.Name like ''' + @Tablename + '''
) Source
FULL OUTER JOIN
(
SELECT Tablename  = so.name
, Columnname = sc.name
, DataType   = St.name
, Length     = Sc.max_length
, precision  = Sc.precision
, collation_name = Sc.collation_name
FROM ' + @Destdb + '.SYS.objects So
JOIN ' + @Destdb + '.SYS.columns Sc
ON So.object_id = Sc.object_id
JOIN ' + @Destdb + '.SYS.types St
ON Sc.system_type_id = St.system_type_id
AND Sc.user_type_id   = St.user_type_id
WHERE SO.TYPE =''U''
AND SO.Name like ''' + @Tablename + '''
) Destination
ON source.tablename = Destination.Tablename
AND source.Columnname = Destination.Columnname '

EXEC (@Sql)

转载自：https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/12b98927-b464-4330-a8f0-e55ad8998a62