springboot【29】事务管理

springboot 对新人来说可能上手比springmvc要快，但是对于各位从springmvc转战到springboot的话，有些地方还需要适应下，尤其是xml配置。我个人是比较喜欢注解➕xml是因为看着方便，查找方便，清晰明了。但是xml完全可以使用注解代替，今天就扒一扒springboot中事务使用注解的玩法。
　　springboot的事务也主要分为两大类，一是xml声明式事务，二是注解事务，注解事务也可以实现类似声明式事务的方法，关于注解声明式事务，目前网上搜索不到合适的资料，所以在这里，我将自己查找和总结的几个方法写到这里，大家共同探讨

springboot 之 xml事务
      可以使用 @ImportResource("classpath:transaction.xml") 引入该xml的配置，xml的配置如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">

<bean id="txManager"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" ></property>
</bean>
<tx:advice id="cftxAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="query*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" ></tx:method>
<tx:method name="get*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" ></tx:method>
<tx:method name="select*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" ></tx:method>
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" ></tx:method>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="allManagerMethod" expression="execution (* com.exmaple.fm..service.*.*(..))" />
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="allManagerMethod" order="0" />
</aop:config>

</beans>

springboot 启动类如下
4000
：

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;

@ImportResource("classpath:transaction.xml")
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}
　　启动后即可开启事务，不过项目里导入了xml配置，如果不想导入xml配置，可以使用注解的方式。

springboot 之 注解事务
　　　注解事务讲解之前，需要先了解下spring创建代理的几个类,在spring内部，是通过BeanPostProcessor来完成自动创建代理工作的。BeanPostProcessor接口的实现只是在ApplicationContext初始化的时候才会自动加载，而普通的BeanFactory只能通过编程的方式调用之。根据  匹配规则的不同大致分为三种类别：

　　　　a、匹配Bean的名称自动创建匹配到的Bean的代理，实现类BeanNameAutoProxyCreator

<bean id="testInterceptor" class="com.example.service.config.testInerceptor”></bean>
<bean id="profileAutoProxyCreator" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyProxyCreator">
<bean>
<property name="beanNames">
<list>
<value>*Service</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="interceptorNames">
<value> testInterceptor </value>
</property>
</bean>
　　　　b、根据Bean中的AspectJ注解自动创建代理，实现类AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator

<aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true"/>

<bean id="annotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreatorTest" class="com.example.service.AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreatorTest"/>
<aop:config>
<aop:aspect ref="annotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreatorTest">
<aop:around method="process" pointcut="execution (* com.example.service.fm..*.*(..))"/>
</aop:aspect>
</aop:config>

　　　　c、根据Advisor的匹配机制自动创建代理，会对容器中所有的Advisor进行扫描，自动将这些切面应用到匹配的Bean中，实现类DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator

　　接下来开讲注解开启事务的方法：

       1、Transactional注解事务

　　 需要在进行事物管理的方法上添加注解

@Transactional

，或者偷懒的话直接在类上面添加该注解，使得所有的方法都进行事物的管理，但是依然需要在需要事务管理的类上都添加，工作量比较大，这里只是简单说下，具体的可以google或者bing

       2、注解声明式事务

　　Component或Configuration中bean的区别，有时间我会专门写一篇来讲解下

　　a.方式1，这里使用Component或Configuration事务都可以生效

@Aspect
//@Component 事务依然生效
@Configuration
public class TxAdviceInterceptor {

private static final int TX_METHOD_TIMEOUT = 5;
private static final String AOP_POINTCUT_EXPRESSION = "execution (* com.alibaba.fm9..service.*.*(..))";

@Autowired
private PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager;

@Bean
public TransactionInterceptor txAdvice() {
NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource source = new NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource();
/*只读事务，不做更新操作*/
RuleBasedTransactionAttribute readOnlyTx = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute();
readOnlyTx.setReadOnly(true);
readOnlyTx.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED );
/*当前存在事务就使用当前事务，当前不存在事务就创建一个新的事务*/
RuleBasedTransactionAttribute requiredTx = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute();
requiredTx.setRollbackRules(
Collections.singletonList(new RollbackRuleAttribute(Exception.class)));
requiredTx.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED);
requiredTx.setTimeout(TX_METHOD_TIMEOUT);
Map<String, TransactionAttribute> txMap = new HashMap<>();
txMap.put("add*", requiredTx);
txMap.put("save*", requiredTx);
txMap.put("insert*", requiredTx);
txMap.put("update*", requiredTx);
txMap.put("delete*", requiredTx);
txMap.put("get*", readOnlyTx);
txMap.put("query*", readOnlyTx);
source.setNameMap( txMap );
TransactionInterceptor txAdvice = new TransactionInterceptor(transactionManager, source);
return txAdvice;
}

@Bean
public Advisor txAdviceAdvisor() {
AspectJExpressionPointcut pointcut = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
pointcut.setExpression(AOP_POINTCUT_EXPRESSION);
return new DefaultPointcutAdvisor(pointcut, txAdvice());
//return new DefaultPointcutAdvisor(pointcut, txAdvice);
}
}
 b.方式1，这里使用Component或Configuration事务都可以生效

//@Component 事务依然生效
@Configuration
public class TxAnoConfig {
/*事务拦截类型*/
@Bean("txSource")
public TransactionAttributeSource transactionAttributeSource(){
NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource source = new NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource();
/*只读事务，不做更新操作*/
RuleBasedTransactionAttribute readOnlyTx = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute();
readOnlyTx.setReadOnly(true);
readOnlyTx.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED );
/*当前存在事务就使用当前事务，当前不存在事务就创建一个新的事务*/
//RuleBasedTransactionAttribute requiredTx = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute();
//requiredTx.setRollbackRules(
// Collections.singletonList(new RollbackRuleAttribute(Exception.class)));
//requiredTx.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED);
RuleBasedTransactionAttribute requiredTx = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,
Collections.singletonList(new RollbackRuleAttribute(Exception.class)));
requiredTx.setTimeout(5);
Map<String, TransactionAttribute> txMap = new HashMap<>();
txMap.put("add*", requiredTx);
txMap.put("save*", requiredTx);
txMap.put("insert*", requiredTx);
txMap.put("update*", requiredTx);
txMap.put("delete*", requiredTx);
txMap.put("get*", readOnlyTx);
txMap.put("query*", readOnlyTx);
source.setNameMap( txMap );

return source;
}

/**切面拦截规则 参数会自动从容器中注入*/
@Bean
public AspectJExpressionPointcutAdvisor pointcutAdvisor(TransactionInterceptor txInterceptor){
AspectJExpressionPointcutAdvisor pointcutAdvisor = new AspectJExpressionPointcutAdvisor();
pointcutAdvisor.setAdvice(txInterceptor);
pointcutAdvisor.setExpression("execution (* com.alibaba.fm9..service.*.*(..))");
return pointcutAdvisor;
}

/*事务拦截器*/
@Bean("txInterceptor")
TransactionInterceptor getTransactionInterceptor(PlatformTransactionManager tx){
return new TransactionInterceptor(tx , transactionAttributeSource()) ;
}
}
 c.方式1，这里使用Component或Configuration事务都可以生效

//@Component
@Configuration
public class TxConfigBeanName {

@Autowired
private DataSourceTransactionManager transactionManager;

// 创建事务通知

@Bean(name = "txAdvice")
public TransactionInterceptor getAdvisor() throws Exception {

Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.setProperty("get*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception,readOnly");
properties.setProperty("add*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception,readOnly");
properties.setProperty("save*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception,readOnly");
properties.setProperty("update*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception,readOnly");
properties.setProperty("delete*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception,readOnly");

TransactionInterceptor tsi = new TransactionInterceptor(transactionManager,properties);
return tsi;

}

@Bean
public BeanNameAutoProxyCreator txProxy() {
BeanNameAutoProxyCreator creator = new BeanNameAutoProxyCreator();
creator.setInterceptorNames("txAdvice");
creator.setBeanNames("*Service", "*ServiceImpl");
creator.setProxyTargetClass(true);
return creator;
}
}
 d.方式1，这里使用Component或Configuration并不是所有事务都可以生效，例如Configuration的时候如果打开注释部分的而且不把代码都移动到 defaultPointcutAdvisor()，事物会失效，具体原因暂时不明，如果各位有明白的，可以指点我下。

初始使用：

@Component
//@Configuration 事务失败
public class TxOtherConfigDefault {

@Autowired
private DataSource dataSource;

//@Bean
//@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public PlatformTransactionManager annotationDrivenTransactionManager() {
return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
}*/

@Autowired
private DataSourceTransactionManager transactionManager;

@Bean
public TransactionInterceptor transactionInterceptor() {
Properties attributes = new Properties();
attributes.setProperty("get*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED");
attributes.setProperty("add*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED");
attributes.setProperty("update*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED");
attributes.setProperty("delete*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED");
TransactionInterceptor txAdvice = new TransactionInterceptor(transactionManager, attributes);
return txAdvice;
}

@Bean
public AspectJExpressionPointcut aspectJExpressionPointcut(){
AspectJExpressionPointcut pointcut = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
String transactionExecution = "execution (* com.alibaba.fm9..service.*.*(..))";
pointcut.setExpression(transactionExecution);
return pointcut;
}

@Bean
public DefaultPointcutAdvisor defaultPointcutAdvisor(){
DefaultPointcutAdvisor advisor = new DefaultPointcutAdvisor();
advisor.setPointcut(aspectJExpressionPointcut());
advisor.setAdvice(transactionInterceptor());
return advisor;
}
}
后修改如下：

@Configuration //事务失效,都移动到一个方法不失效
//@Component // 事务可行，不用都移动到一个方法
public class TxOtherConfigDefaultBean {

public static final String transactionExecution = "execution (* com.alibaba.fm9..service.*.*(..))";

@Autowired
private PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager;

//@Bean
//@ConditionalOnMissingBean
//public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager() {
// return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
//}

@Bean
public TransactionInterceptor transactionInterceptor() {
Properties attributes = new Properties();
attributes.setProperty("get*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception");
attributes.setProperty("add*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception");
attributes.setProperty("update*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception");
attributes.setProperty("delete*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception");
//TransactionInterceptor txAdvice = new TransactionInterceptor(transactionManager(), attributes);
TransactionInterceptor txAdvice = new TransactionInterceptor(transactionManager, attributes);
return txAdvice;
}

//@Bean
//public AspectJExpressionPointcut aspectJExpressionPointcut(){
// AspectJExpressionPointcut pointcut = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
// pointcut.setExpression(transactionExecution);
// return pointcut;
//}

@Bean
public DefaultPointcutAdvisor defaultPointcutAdvisor(){
//AspectJExpressionPointcut pointcut = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
//pointcut.setExpression(transactionExecution);
//DefaultPointcutAdvisor advisor = new DefaultPointcutAdvisor();
//advisor.setPointcut(pointcut);
//advisor.setAdvice(transactionInterceptor());
AspectJExpressionPointcut pointcut = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
pointcut.setExpression(transactionExecution);
DefaultPointcutAdvisor advisor = new DefaultPointcutAdvisor();
advisor.setPointcut(pointcut);
Properties attributes = new Properties();
attributes.setProperty("get*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception");
attributes.setProperty("add*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception");
attributes.setProperty("update*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception");
attributes.setProperty("delete*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception");
TransactionInterceptor txAdvice = new TransactionInterceptor(transactionManager, attributes);
advisor.setAdvice(txAdvice);
return advisor;
}
}
　　简单来说，springboot使用上述注解的几种方式开启事务，可以达到和xml中声明的同样效果，但是却告别了xml，使你的代码远离配置文件。