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SpringBoot项目中的多数据源支持的方法

2017-10-23 10:08 696 查看

1.概述

项目中经常会遇到一个应用需要访问多个数据源的情况,本文介绍在SpringBoot项目中利用SpringDataJpa技术如何支持多个数据库的数据源。

具体的代码参照该 示例项目

2.建立实体类(Entity)

首先,我们创建两个简单的实体类,分别属于两个不同的数据源,用于演示多数据源数据的保存和查询。

Test实体类:

package com.example.demo.test.data;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity
@Table(name = "test")
public class Test {
@Id
private Integer id;
public Test(){
}
public Integer getId() {
return this.id;
}
public void setId(Integer id){
this.id = id;
}
}

Other实体类:

package com.example.demo.other.data;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity
@Table(name = "other")
public class Other {
@Id
private Integer id;
public Integer getId() {
return this.id;
}
public void setId(Integer id){
this.id = id;
}
}

需要注意的是,这两个实体类分属于不同的package,这一点极为重要,spring会根据实体类所属的package来决定用那一个数据源进行操作。

3.建立Repository

分别建立两个实体类对应的Repository,用于进行数据操作。

TestRepository:

package com.example.demo.test.data;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
public interface TestRepository extends JpaRepository<Test, Integer> {
}

OtherRepository:

package com.example.demo.other.data;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
public interface OtherRepository extends JpaRepository<Other, Integer> {
}

得益于spring-data-jpa优秀的封装,我们只需创建一个接口,就拥有了对实体类的操作能力。

3.对多数据源进行配置

分别对Test和Other两个实体类配置对应的数据源。配置的内容主要包含三个要素:

  1. dataSource,数据源的连接信息
  2. entityManagerFactory,数据处理
  3. transactionManager,事务管理

Test实体类的数据源配置 TestDataConfig:

package com.example.demo.config;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.JpaProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.orm.jpa.EntityManagerFactoryBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
@EnableJpaRepositories(
entityManagerFactoryRef = "entityManagerFactory",
basePackages = {"com.example.demo.test.data"}
)
public class TestDataConfig {
@Autowired
private JpaProperties jpaProperties;
@Primary
@Bean(name = "dataSource")
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
public DataSource dataSource() {
return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
}
@Primary
@Bean(name = "entityManagerFactory")
public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactory(
EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder,
@Qualifier("dataSource") DataSource dataSource) {
return builder
.dataSource(dataSource)
.packages("com.example.demo.test.data")
.properties(jpaProperties.getHibernateProperties(dataSource))
.persistenceUnit("test")
.build();
}
@Primary
@Bean(name = "transactionManager")
public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(
@Qualifier("entityManagerFactory") EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory) {
return new JpaTransactionManager(entityManagerFactory);
}
}

代码中的Primary注解表示这是默认数据源。

Other实体类的数据源配置 OtherDataConfig:

package com.example.demo.config;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.JpaProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.orm.jpa.EntityManagerFactoryBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
@EnableJpaRepositories(
entityManagerFactoryRef = "otherEntityManagerFactory",
transactionManagerRef = "otherTransactionManager",
basePackages = {"com.example.demo.other.data"}
)
public class OtherDataConfig {
@Autowired
private JpaProperties jpaProperties;
@Bean(name = "otherDataSource")@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "other.datasource")
public DataSource otherDataSource() {
return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
}
@Bean(name = "otherEntityManagerFactory")
public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean otherEntityManagerFactory(
EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder,
@Qualifier("otherDataSource") DataSource otherDataSource) {
return builder
.dataSource(otherDataSource)
.packages("com.example.demo.other.data")
.properties(jpaProperties.getHibernateProperties(otherDataSource))
.persistenceUnit("other")
.build();
}
@Bean(name = "otherTransactionManager")
public PlatformTransactionManager otherTransactionManager(
@Qualifier("otherEntityManagerFactory") EntityManagerFactory otherEntityManagerFactory) {
return new JpaTransactionManager(otherEntityManagerFactory);
}
}

3.数据操作

我们创建一个Service类TestService来分别对两个数据源进行数据的操作。

package com.example.demo.service;
import com.example.demo.other.data.Other;
import com.example.demo.other.data.OtherRepository;
import com.example.demo.test.data.Test;
import com.example.demo.test.data.TestRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class TestService {
@Autowired
private TestRepository testRepository;
@Autowired
private OtherRepository otherRepository;
@Value("${name:World}")
private String name;
public String getHelloMessage() {
Test test = new Test();
test.setId(1);
test = testRepository.save(test);
Other other = new Other();
other.setId(2);
other = otherRepository.save(other);
return "Hello " + this.name + " : test's value = " + test.getId() + " , other's value = " + other.getId();
}
}

对Test和Other分别进行数据插入和读取操作,程序运行后会打印出两个数据源各自的数据。 数据库采用的mysql,连接信息在application.yml进行配置。

spring:
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
testWhileIdle: true
validationQuery: SELECT 1 from dual
username: test
password: 11111111
driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jpa:
database: MYSQL
show-sql: true
hibernate:
show-sql: true
ddl-auto: create
naming-strategy: org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy
properties:
hibernate.dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect
other:
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/other?characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
testWhileIdle: true
validationQuery: SELECT 1
username: other
password: 11111111
driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jpa:
database: MYSQL
show-sql: true
hibernate:
show-sql: true
ddl-auto: create
naming-strategy: org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy
properties:
hibernate.dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect

Test实体对应的是主数据源,采用了spring-boot的默认数据源配置项,Other实体单独配置数据源连接。具体应该读取哪一段配置内容,是在配置类OtherDataConfig中这行代码指定的。

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "other.datasource")

本示例需要建立的数据库用户和库可以通过以下命令处理:

CREATE USER 'test'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '11111111';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'test'@'localhost';
CREATE USER 'other'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '11111111';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'other'@'localhost';
create database test;
create database other;

4.总结

spring-data-jpa极大的简化了数据库操作,对于多数据源的支持,也只是需要增加一下配置文件和配置类而已。其中的关键内容有3点:

  1. 配置文件中数据源的配置
  2. 配置类的编写
  3. 实体类所在的package必须与配置类中指定的package一致,如OtherDataConfig中指定的basePackages = {"com.example.demo.other.data"}

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。

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标签:  SpringBoot 多数据源