PostgreSQL 8.1.22 开启归档模式及在线备份恢复
2017-10-20 13:26
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以下内容参考自：
http://www.kuqin.com/postgreSQL8.1_doc/backup-online.html https://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.1/static/backup-online.html
数据库版本：
postgres=# select version();
version
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PostgreSQL 8.1.22 on x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by GCC gcc (SUSE Linux) 4.3.4 [gcc-4_3-branch revision 152973]
(1 row)
PG 8.1中还没有 wal_level和archive_mode参数，只有archive_command参数。
修改如下参数：
archive_command = 'cp -i %p /usr/local/pgsql/data/archivelog/%f'
pg_ctl reload使修改生效：
postgres=# pg_ctl reload
验证参数已生效：
postgres=# show archive_command;
archive_command
----------------------------------------------
cp -i %p /usr/local/pgsql/data/archivelog/%f
(1 row)
创建测试表，插入测试数据，模拟WAL日志切换：
postgres=# create table tbl_kenyon(id int,cname varchar(50),remark text);
CREATE TABLE
插入测试数据：
postgres=# insert into tbl_kenyon select generate_series(1,10000000),'kenyon good boy',md5('kenyon good boy');
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000001"
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000002"
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000003"
LOG: checkpoints are occurring too frequently (14 seconds apart)
HINT: Consider increasing the configuration parameter "checkpoint_segments".
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000004"
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000005"
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000006"
LOG: checkpoints are occurring too frequently (5 seconds apart)
HINT: Consider increasing the configuration parameter "checkpoint_segments".
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000007"
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000008"
LOG: checkpoints are occurring too frequently (3 seconds apart)
HINT: Consider increasing the configuration parameter "checkpoint_segments".
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000009"
LOG: archived transaction log file "00000001000000000000000A"
LOG: archived transaction log file "00000001000000000000000B"
LOG: checkpoints are occurring too frequently (4 seconds apart)
HINT: Consider increasing the configuration parameter "checkpoint_segments".
LOG: archived transaction log file "00000001000000000000000C"
LOG: archived transaction log file "00000001000000000000000D"
LOG: archived transaction log file "00000001000000000000000E"
LOG: archived transaction log file "00000001000000000000000F"
LOG: checkpoints are occurring too frequently (4 seconds apart)
HINT: Consider increasing the configuration parameter "checkpoint_segments".
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000010"
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000011"
LOG: checkpoints are occurring too frequently (4 seconds apart)
HINT: Consider increasing the configuration parameter "checkpoint_segments".
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000012"
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000013"
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000014"
LOG: checkpoints are occurring too frequently (4 seconds apart)
HINT: Consider increasing the configuration parameter "checkpoint_segments".
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000015"
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000016"
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000017"
LOG: checkpoints are occurring too frequently (4 seconds apart)
HINT: Consider increasing the configuration parameter "checkpoint_segments".
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000018"
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000019"
LOG: archived transaction log file "00000001000000000000001A"
LOG: checkpoints are occurring too frequently (4 seconds apart)
HINT: Consider increasing the configuration parameter "checkpoint_segments".
LOG: archived transaction log file "00000001000000000000001B"
LOG: archived transaction log file "00000001000000000000001C"
LOG: archived transaction log file "00000001000000000000001D"
LOG: checkpoints are occurring too frequently (4 seconds apart)
HINT: Consider increasing the configuration parameter "checkpoint_segments".
LOG: archived transaction log file "00000001000000000000001E"
^CCancel request sent
ERROR: canceling statement due to user request
ERROR: canceling statement due to user request
pg_xlog中WAL保留个数：
postgres@linux-o8rc:/usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_xlog> du -sh *
4.0K 000000010000000000000000.003A01A0.backup
17M 00000001000000000000001F
17M 000000010000000000000020
17M 000000010000000000000021
17M 000000010000000000000022
17M 000000010000000000000023
17M 000000010000000000000024
17M 000000010000000000000025
4.0K archive_status
归档日志大小及数量：
postgres@linux-o8rc:/usr/local/pgsql/data/archivelog> pwd
/usr/local/pgsql/data/archivelog
postgres@linux-o8rc:/usr/local/pgsql/data/archivelog> du -sh *
17M 000000010000000000000000
4.0K 000000010000000000000000.00390098.backup
4.0K 000000010000000000000000.003A01A0.backup
17M 000000010000000000000001
17M 000000010000000000000002
17M 000000010000000000000003
17M 000000010000000000000004
17M 000000010000000000000005
17M 000000010000000000000006
17M 000000010000000000000007
17M 000000010000000000000008
17M 000000010000000000000009
17M 00000001000000000000000A
17M 00000001000000000000000B
17M 00000001000000000000000C
17M 00000001000000000000000D
17M 00000001000000000000000E
17M 00000001000000000000000F
17M 000000010000000000000010
17M 000000010000000000000011
17M 000000010000000000000012
17M 000000010000000000000013
17M 000000010000000000000014
17M 000000010000000000000015
17M 000000010000000000000016
17M 000000010000000000000017
17M 000000010000000000000018
17M 000000010000000000000019
17M 00000001000000000000001A
17M 00000001000000000000001B
17M 00000001000000000000001C
17M 00000001000000000000001D
...
PG8.1中没有pg_switch_xlog()函数和wal_segment_size参数等：
postgres=# select pg_switch_xlog();
ERROR: function pg_switch_xlog() does not exist
HINT: No function matches the given name and argument types. You may need to add explicit type casts.
postgres=# show wal_segment_size ;
ERROR: unrecognized configuration parameter "wal_segment_size"
postgres=# show checkpoint_completion_target;
ERROR: unrecognized configuration parameter "checkpoint_completion_target"
ERROR: unrecognized configuration parameter "checkpoint_completion_target"
postgres=#
postgres=# show checkpoint_segments ;
checkpoint_segments
---------------------
3
(1 row)
开启归档后，使用pg_start_backup()和pg_stop_backup()方式备份数据库；
执行pg_stop_backup()后会在归档目录下生成类似"00000001000000000000001F.009DCDB0.backup"格式的文件名（其中第二部分表示在该 WAL 文件里面的准确位置），它包含 pg_start_backup 的标签字串， 以及备份的起始时间和终止时间，在00000001000000000000001F之前生成的归档文件可以被删除（恢复时也不再需要）。
postgres=# SELECT pg_start_backup('label');
pg_start_backup
-----------------
0/1F9DCDB0
(1 row)
postgres=# SELECT pg_stop_backup();
pg_stop_backup
----------------
0/1F9DCE00
(1 row)
postgres=# LOG: archived transaction log file "00000001000000000000001F.009DCDB0.backup"
postgres@linux-o8rc:/usr/local/pgsql/data> cd archivelog/
postgres@linux-o8rc:/usr/local/pgsql/data/archivelog> ll
total 508536
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:07 000000010000000000000000
-rw------- 1 postgres users 235 Oct 19 19:42 000000010000000000000000.00390098.backup
-rw------- 1 postgres users 235 Oct 19 20:00 000000010000000000000000.003A01A0.backup
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:10 000000010000000000000001
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:10 000000010000000000000002
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:10 000000010000000000000003
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:10 000000010000000000000004
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:10 000000010000000000000005
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:10 000000010000000000000006
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:10 000000010000000000000007
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 000000010000000000000008
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 000000010000000000000009
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 00000001000000000000000A
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 00000001000000000000000B
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 00000001000000000000000C
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 00000001000000000000000D
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 00000001000000000000000E
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 00000001000000000000000F
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 000000010000000000000010
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 000000010000000000000011
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 000000010000000000000012
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 000000010000000000000013
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 000000010000000000000014
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 000000010000000000000015
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 000000010000000000000016
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 000000010000000000000017
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 000000010000000000000018
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 000000010000000000000019
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 00000001000000000000001A
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 00000001000000000000001B
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 00000001000000000000001C
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 00000001000000000000001D
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 00000001000000000000001E
-rw------- 1 postgres users 241 Oct 19 21:13 00000001000000000000001F.009DCDB0.backup
postgres@linux-o8rc:/usr/local/pgsql/data/archivelog> cat 00000001000000000000001F.009DCDB0.backup
START WAL LOCATION: 0/1F9DCDB0 (file 00000001000000000000001F)
STOP WAL LOCATION: 0/1F9DCE00 (file 00000001000000000000001F)
CHECKPOINT LOCATION: 0/1F9DCDB0
START TIME: 2017-10-19 21:13:30 CST
LABEL: label
STOP TIME: 2017-10-19 21:13:36 CST
postgres@linux-o8rc:/usr/local/pgsql/data/archivelog> date
Thu Oct 19 21:14:10 CST 2017
postgres@linux-o8rc:/usr/local/pgsql/data/archivelog>
使用该方式备份后，恢复时需在recovery.conf中添加如下参数设置：
restore_command = 'cp /usr/local/pgsql/data/archivelog/%f %p'
另外结合如下参数进行数据库的恢复：
recovery_target_time (timestamp)
recovery_target_xid (string)
recovery_target_inclusive (boolean)
recovery_target_timeline (string)
http://www.kuqin.com/postgreSQL8.1_doc/backup-online.html https://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.1/static/backup-online.html
数据库版本：
postgres=# select version();
version
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PostgreSQL 8.1.22 on x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by GCC gcc (SUSE Linux) 4.3.4 [gcc-4_3-branch revision 152973]
(1 row)
PG 8.1中还没有 wal_level和archive_mode参数，只有archive_command参数。
修改如下参数：
archive_command = 'cp -i %p /usr/local/pgsql/data/archivelog/%f'
pg_ctl reload使修改生效：
postgres=# pg_ctl reload
验证参数已生效：
postgres=# show archive_command;
archive_command
----------------------------------------------
cp -i %p /usr/local/pgsql/data/archivelog/%f
(1 row)
创建测试表，插入测试数据，模拟WAL日志切换：
postgres=# create table tbl_kenyon(id int,cname varchar(50),remark text);
CREATE TABLE
插入测试数据：
postgres=# insert into tbl_kenyon select generate_series(1,10000000),'kenyon good boy',md5('kenyon good boy');
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000001"
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000002"
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000003"
LOG: checkpoints are occurring too frequently (14 seconds apart)
HINT: Consider increasing the configuration parameter "checkpoint_segments".
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000004"
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000005"
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000006"
LOG: checkpoints are occurring too frequently (5 seconds apart)
HINT: Consider increasing the configuration parameter "checkpoint_segments".
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000007"
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000008"
LOG: checkpoints are occurring too frequently (3 seconds apart)
HINT: Consider increasing the configuration parameter "checkpoint_segments".
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000009"
LOG: archived transaction log file "00000001000000000000000A"
LOG: archived transaction log file "00000001000000000000000B"
LOG: checkpoints are occurring too frequently (4 seconds apart)
HINT: Consider increasing the configuration parameter "checkpoint_segments".
LOG: archived transaction log file "00000001000000000000000C"
LOG: archived transaction log file "00000001000000000000000D"
LOG: archived transaction log file "00000001000000000000000E"
LOG: archived transaction log file "00000001000000000000000F"
LOG: checkpoints are occurring too frequently (4 seconds apart)
HINT: Consider increasing the configuration parameter "checkpoint_segments".
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000010"
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000011"
LOG: checkpoints are occurring too frequently (4 seconds apart)
HINT: Consider increasing the configuration parameter "checkpoint_segments".
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000012"
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000013"
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000014"
LOG: checkpoints are occurring too frequently (4 seconds apart)
HINT: Consider increasing the configuration parameter "checkpoint_segments".
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000015"
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000016"
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000017"
LOG: checkpoints are occurring too frequently (4 seconds apart)
HINT: Consider increasing the configuration parameter "checkpoint_segments".
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000018"
LOG: archived transaction log file "000000010000000000000019"
LOG: archived transaction log file "00000001000000000000001A"
LOG: checkpoints are occurring too frequently (4 seconds apart)
HINT: Consider increasing the configuration parameter "checkpoint_segments".
LOG: archived transaction log file "00000001000000000000001B"
LOG: archived transaction log file "00000001000000000000001C"
LOG: archived transaction log file "00000001000000000000001D"
LOG: checkpoints are occurring too frequently (4 seconds apart)
HINT: Consider increasing the configuration parameter "checkpoint_segments".
LOG: archived transaction log file "00000001000000000000001E"
^CCancel request sent
ERROR: canceling statement due to user request
ERROR: canceling statement due to user request
pg_xlog中WAL保留个数：
postgres@linux-o8rc:/usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_xlog> du -sh *
4.0K 000000010000000000000000.003A01A0.backup
17M 00000001000000000000001F
17M 000000010000000000000020
17M 000000010000000000000021
17M 000000010000000000000022
17M 000000010000000000000023
17M 000000010000000000000024
17M 000000010000000000000025
4.0K archive_status
归档日志大小及数量：
postgres@linux-o8rc:/usr/local/pgsql/data/archivelog> pwd
/usr/local/pgsql/data/archivelog
postgres@linux-o8rc:/usr/local/pgsql/data/archivelog> du -sh *
17M 000000010000000000000000
4.0K 000000010000000000000000.00390098.backup
4.0K 000000010000000000000000.003A01A0.backup
17M 000000010000000000000001
17M 000000010000000000000002
17M 000000010000000000000003
17M 000000010000000000000004
17M 000000010000000000000005
17M 000000010000000000000006
17M 000000010000000000000007
17M 000000010000000000000008
17M 000000010000000000000009
17M 00000001000000000000000A
17M 00000001000000000000000B
17M 00000001000000000000000C
17M 00000001000000000000000D
17M 00000001000000000000000E
17M 00000001000000000000000F
17M 000000010000000000000010
17M 000000010000000000000011
17M 000000010000000000000012
17M 000000010000000000000013
17M 000000010000000000000014
17M 000000010000000000000015
17M 000000010000000000000016
17M 000000010000000000000017
17M 000000010000000000000018
17M 000000010000000000000019
17M 00000001000000000000001A
17M 00000001000000000000001B
17M 00000001000000000000001C
17M 00000001000000000000001D
...
PG8.1中没有pg_switch_xlog()函数和wal_segment_size参数等：
postgres=# select pg_switch_xlog();
ERROR: function pg_switch_xlog() does not exist
HINT: No function matches the given name and argument types. You may need to add explicit type casts.
postgres=# show wal_segment_size ;
ERROR: unrecognized configuration parameter "wal_segment_size"
postgres=# show checkpoint_completion_target;
ERROR: unrecognized configuration parameter "checkpoint_completion_target"
ERROR: unrecognized configuration parameter "checkpoint_completion_target"
postgres=#
postgres=# show checkpoint_segments ;
checkpoint_segments
---------------------
3
(1 row)
开启归档后，使用pg_start_backup()和pg_stop_backup()方式备份数据库；
执行pg_stop_backup()后会在归档目录下生成类似"00000001000000000000001F.009DCDB0.backup"格式的文件名（其中第二部分表示在该 WAL 文件里面的准确位置），它包含 pg_start_backup 的标签字串， 以及备份的起始时间和终止时间，在00000001000000000000001F之前生成的归档文件可以被删除（恢复时也不再需要）。
postgres=# SELECT pg_start_backup('label');
pg_start_backup
-----------------
0/1F9DCDB0
(1 row)
postgres=# SELECT pg_stop_backup();
pg_stop_backup
----------------
0/1F9DCE00
(1 row)
postgres=# LOG: archived transaction log file "00000001000000000000001F.009DCDB0.backup"
postgres@linux-o8rc:/usr/local/pgsql/data> cd archivelog/
postgres@linux-o8rc:/usr/local/pgsql/data/archivelog> ll
total 508536
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:07 000000010000000000000000
-rw------- 1 postgres users 235 Oct 19 19:42 000000010000000000000000.00390098.backup
-rw------- 1 postgres users 235 Oct 19 20:00 000000010000000000000000.003A01A0.backup
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:10 000000010000000000000001
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:10 000000010000000000000002
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:10 000000010000000000000003
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:10 000000010000000000000004
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:10 000000010000000000000005
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:10 000000010000000000000006
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:10 000000010000000000000007
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 000000010000000000000008
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 000000010000000000000009
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 00000001000000000000000A
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 00000001000000000000000B
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 00000001000000000000000C
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 00000001000000000000000D
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 00000001000000000000000E
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 00000001000000000000000F
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 000000010000000000000010
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 000000010000000000000011
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 000000010000000000000012
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 000000010000000000000013
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 000000010000000000000014
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 000000010000000000000015
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 000000010000000000000016
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 000000010000000000000017
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 000000010000000000000018
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 000000010000000000000019
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 00000001000000000000001A
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 00000001000000000000001B
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 00000001000000000000001C
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 00000001000000000000001D
-rw------- 1 postgres users 16777216 Oct 19 20:11 00000001000000000000001E
-rw------- 1 postgres users 241 Oct 19 21:13 00000001000000000000001F.009DCDB0.backup
postgres@linux-o8rc:/usr/local/pgsql/data/archivelog> cat 00000001000000000000001F.009DCDB0.backup
START WAL LOCATION: 0/1F9DCDB0 (file 00000001000000000000001F)
STOP WAL LOCATION: 0/1F9DCE00 (file 00000001000000000000001F)
CHECKPOINT LOCATION: 0/1F9DCDB0
START TIME: 2017-10-19 21:13:30 CST
LABEL: label
STOP TIME: 2017-10-19 21:13:36 CST
postgres@linux-o8rc:/usr/local/pgsql/data/archivelog> date
Thu Oct 19 21:14:10 CST 2017
postgres@linux-o8rc:/usr/local/pgsql/data/archivelog>
使用该方式备份后，恢复时需在recovery.conf中添加如下参数设置：
restore_command = 'cp /usr/local/pgsql/data/archivelog/%f %p'
另外结合如下参数进行数据库的恢复：
recovery_target_time (timestamp)
recovery_target_xid (string)
recovery_target_inclusive (boolean)
recovery_target_timeline (string)
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