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How I Simplified Oracle Database 12c and 11g Installations on Oracle Linux 6

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How I Simplified Oracle Database 12c and 11g Installations on Oracle Linux 6

by Ginny Henningsen; updated by Michele Casey

How to simplify the installation of Oracle Database 12c or 11g on Oracle Linux 6 by installing the

oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall

oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

RPM package, which automatically performs a number of tasks, such as installing required software packages, resolving package dependencies, and modifying kernel parameters.

Published September 2012 (updated September 2017)

READ THIS FIRST: Important Changes Since Publication

While the content in this article is still valid, several details have changed. For example:

For Oracle Database 12c Release 2, the preinstall RPM has a different name than the one used in the article belowpu:

oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall

See also this documentation: Automatically Configuring Oracle Linux with Oracle Preinstallation RPM

The preinstall RPMs are published on Oracle Linux yum server for both Oracle Linux 6 and 7 in the Latest repositories which are configured and enabled by default in recent releases of Oracle Linux 6 and 7

Introducing the

oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall

and

oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

RPM for Oracle Linux

Before installing Oracle Database 12c or 11g on a system, you need to preconfigure the operating environment since the database requires certain software packages, package versions, and tweaks to kernel parameters. (Be sure to review the appropriate Oracle Database installation guide to familiarize yourself with hardware, software, and operating system requirements.)

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Note: This article applies to Oracle Linux 6. A previous article, "How I Simplified Oracle Database Installation on Oracle Linux," covered performing a similar task on versions of Oracle Linux 5.

On Oracle Linux, I discovered that there is a remarkably easy way to address these installation prerequisites: First, depending on your database version, install either the RPM package called

oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall

oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

. This RPM performs a number of preconfiguration steps, including the following:

Automatically downloading and installing any additional software packages and specific package versions needed for installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database 12 c Release 1 (12.1) or 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3), with package dependencies resolved via

yum

up2date

capabilities.

Creating the user

oracle

and the groups

oinstall

(for

OraInventory

) and

dba

(for

OSDBA

), which are used during database installation. (For security purposes, this user has no password by default and cannot log in remotely. To enable remote login, please set a password using the

passwd

tool.)

Modifying kernel parameters in

/etc/sysctl.conf

to change settings for shared memory, semaphores, the maximum number of file descriptors, and so on.

Setting hard and soft shell resource limits in

/etc/security/limits.conf

, such as the locked-in memory address space, the number of open files, the number of processes, and core file size.

Setting

numa=off

in the kernel for x86_64 machines.

Note that

oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall

and

oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

parses the existing

/etc/sysctl.conf

and

/etc/security/limits.conf

files and updates values only as needed for database installation. Any precustomized settings not related to database installation are left as is.

The

oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall

and

oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

RPM packages are accessible through the Oracle Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN, which requires a support contract), from the Oracle Linux distribution media, or from the Oracle public yum repository. Thus, whether or not your system is registered with ULN to access Oracle patches and support, you can use

oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall

and

oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

to simplify database installation on Oracle Linux. In addition, the Oracle public yum repository now includes all security and bug errata, ensuring systems are secured and stable with the latest security updates and bug fixes.

Installing the

oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall

oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

RPM

The remainder of this article steps through the procedure that I used for installing

oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

on Oracle Linux via the Oracle public yum repository. The same steps outlined in the following section can be used for either version of the preinstall RPM package. I started with a system running Oracle Linux Release 6 Update 4 for x86_64, a 64-bit version of Oracle Linux that I downloaded from the Oracle software delivery cloud (requires registration or login). First, I set up a

yum

configuration file that pointed to the correct repository, and then I installed the

oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

RPM from that repository.

Here are the steps for preconfiguring a system for Oracle Database installation using

oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

. Remember, the steps are the same when using the

oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall

package; you simply need to change the name of the RPM package during the yum installation step.

As an authorized user (for example,

root

), retrieve the file that configures repository locations:

# cd /etc/yum.repos.d

# wget http://yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol6.repo[/code] 
Using a text editor, modify the file, changing the field enabled=0
 to enabled=1
 to reflect repositories that correspond to the machine's operating system release.
Here is an excerpt of public-yum-old6.repo
 with the changed lines in boldface.
[ol6_latest]

name=Oracle Linux $releasever Latest ($basearch)

baseurl=http://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/latest/$basearch/

gpgkey=http://yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

[ol6_UEK_latest]

name=Latest Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux $releasever ($basearch)

baseurl=http://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/UEK/latest/$basearch/

gpgkey=http://yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1
   Because the target system is running Oracle Linux Release 6 Update 4 for x86_64, which installs the Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel by default, there are two repositories to enable, [ol6_latest]
 and [ol6_UEK_latest]
.

Next, install the oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall
 RPM using the yum install
 command. If you are using Oracle Database 12c, then you would type yum install
.
The output in Listing 1 shows how the installation checks dependencies and then downloads and installs the required packages.
# yum install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, rhnplugin, security

Setting up Install Process

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.x86_64 0:1.0-6.el6 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: gcc-c++ for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: gcc for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libaio-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: glibc-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: compat-libstdc++-33 for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: ksh for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: compat-libcap1 for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64

--> Running transaction check

---> Package compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-1 will be installed

---> Package compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-69.el6 will be installed

---> Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.4.6-4.el6 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: cpp = 4.4.6-4.el6 for package: gcc-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: cloog-ppl >= 0.15 for package: gcc-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64

---> Package gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.4.6-4.el6 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: libmpfr.so.1()(64bit) for package: gcc-c++-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64

---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.12-1.80.el6_3.4 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers = 2.12-1.80.el6_3.4 for package: glibc-devel-2.12-1.80.el6_3.4.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers for package: glibc-devel-2.12-1.80.el6_3.4.x86_64

---> Package ksh.x86_64 0:20100621-16.el6 will be installed

---> Package libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.107-10.el6 will be installed

---> Package libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.4.6-4.el6 will be installed

--> Running transaction check

---> Package cloog-ppl.x86_64 0:0.15.7-1.2.el6 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: libppl_c.so.2()(64bit) for package: cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libppl.so.7()(64bit) for package: cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64

---> Package cpp.x86_64 0:4.4.6-4.el6 will be installed

---> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.12-1.80.el6_3.4 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers >= 2.2.1 for package: glibc-headers-2.12-1.80.el6_3.4.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers for package: glibc-headers-2.12-1.80.el6_3.4.x86_64

---> Package mpfr.x86_64 0:2.4.1-6.el6 will be installed

--> Running transaction check

---> Package kernel-uek-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.32-300.32.1.el6uek will be installed

---> Package ppl.x86_64 0:0.10.2-11.el6 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================

Package                         Arch   Version                Repository  Size

================================================================================

Installing:

oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

x86_64 1.0-6.el6              ol6_latest  15 k

Installing for dependencies:

cloog-ppl                       x86_64 0.15.7-1.2.el6         ol6_latest  93 k

compat-libcap1                  x86_64 1.10-1                 ol6_latest  17 k

compat-libstdc++-33             x86_64 3.2.3-69.el6           ol6_latest 183 k

cpp                             x86_64 4.4.6-4.el6            ol6_latest 3.7 M

gcc                             x86_64 4.4.6-4.el6            ol6_latest  10 M

gcc-c++                         x86_64 4.4.6-4.el6            ol6_latest 4.7 M

glibc-devel                     x86_64 2.12-1.80.el6_3.4      ol6_latest 970 k

glibc-headers                   x86_64 2.12-1.80.el6_3.4      ol6_latest 600 k

kernel-uek-headers              x86_64 2.6.32-300.32.1.el6uek ol6_latest 713 k

ksh                             x86_64 20100621-16.el6        ol6_latest 684 k

libaio-devel                    x86_64 0.3.107-10.el6         ol6_latest  13 k

libstdc++-devel                 x86_64 4.4.6-4.el6            ol6_latest 1.5 M

mpfr                            x86_64 2.4.1-6.el6            ol6_latest 156 k

ppl                             x86_64 0.10.2-11.el6          ol6_latest 1.3 M

Transaction Summary

================================================================================

Install      15 Package(s)

Total download size: 25 M

Installed size: 61 M

Is this ok [y/N]: Downloading Packages:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total                                           710 kB/s |  25 MB     00:35

Running rpm_check_debug

Running Transaction Test

Transaction Test Succeeded

Running Transaction

Installing : mpfr-2.4.1-6.el6.x86_64                                     1/15

Installing : libstdc++-devel-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64                          2/15

Installing : cpp-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64                                      3/15

Installing : ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64                                    4/15

Installing : cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64                             5/15

Installing : kernel-uek-headers-2.6.32-300.32.1.el6uek.x86_64            6/15

Installing : glibc-headers-2.12-1.80.el6_3.4.x86_64                      7/15

Installing : glibc-devel-2.12-1.80.el6_3.4.x86_64                        8/15

Installing : gcc-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64                                      9/15

Installing : gcc-c++-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64                                 10/15

Installing : compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64                    11/15

Installing : libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64                         12/15

Installing : ksh-20100621-16.el6.x86_64                                 13/15

Installing : compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64                               14/15

Installing : oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64      15/15

Verifying  : gcc-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64                                      1/15

Verifying  : compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64                                2/15

Verifying  : ksh-20100621-16.el6.x86_64                                  3/15

Verifying  : glibc-devel-2.12-1.80.el6_3.4.x86_64                        4/15

Verifying  : libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64                          5/15

Verifying  : oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-6.el6.x86_64       6/15

Verifying  : gcc-c++-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64                                  7/15

Verifying  : glibc-headers-2.12-1.80.el6_3.4.x86_64                      8/15

Verifying  : libstdc++-devel-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64                          9/15

Verifying  : compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64                    10/15

Verifying  : mpfr-2.4.1-6.el6.x86_64                                    11/15

Verifying  : kernel-uek-headers-2.6.32-300.32.1.el6uek.x86_64           12/15

Verifying  : cpp-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64                                     13/15

Verifying  : ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64                                   14/15

Verifying  : cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64                            15/15

Installed:

oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.x86_64 0:1.0-6.el6

Dependency Installed:

cloog-ppl.x86_64 0:0.15.7-1.2.el6

compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-1

compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-69.el6

cpp.x86_64 0:4.4.6-4.el6

gcc.x86_64 0:4.4.6-4.el6

gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.4.6-4.el6

glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.12-1.80.el6_3.4

glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.12-1.80.el6_3.4

kernel-uek-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.32-300.32.1.el6uek

ksh.x86_64 0:20100621-16.el6

libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.107-10.el6

libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.4.6-4.el6

mpfr.x86_64 0:2.4.1-6.el6

ppl.x86_64 0:0.10.2-11.el6

Complete!
 Listing 1: Installing the oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall
 RPM 
The yum installation logs messages about kernel changes in the file /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall/results/orakernel.log
, and it makes backups of current system settings in the directory /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall/backup
.

At this point, the system is ready for the installation of Oracle Database. For example, to install Oracle Database 11g Release 2, follow the directions in Chapter 4, "Installing Oracle Database," of the Database Installation Guide for Linux."
Here are the steps I followed while installing Oracle Database 11g Release 2 in my test environment. Make sure you review all documentation and follow recommended best practices before installing into your production environment.

As root
, create a parent directory in a file system that has sufficient space to be the target location for the downloaded files:
# mkdir /home/OraDB11g

# cd /home/OraDB11g
   The amount of disk space needed in the file system varies according to the specific installation type, but roughly twice the size of the
3ff0
zip archives, or 5 GB, is enough to house the software and data files.

Into this target directory, download the installation media files from the Oracle Database Software Downloads page on Oracle Technology Network.

Extract the files:
# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip 


Log in as the user oracle
. Change directory to the database
 directory and enter the following command to run the Oracle Universal Installer:
$ cd /home/OraDB11g/database

$ ./runInstaller


The Oracle Universal Installer performs a number of checks, verifying that the necessary OS packages and versions are installed. In addition, it checks kernel parameters set by the oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall
 installation. During the kernel settings check, the installer might flag a few settings as "failed," and you should investigate these failures. In some cases, you still might be able to continue with the database installation. If you check kernel settings in /etc/sysctl.conf
, you'll see that oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall
 has modified and added the necessary settings to ensure the minimum requirements are met, as defined in section 2.10.1, "Displaying and Changing Kernel Parameter Values," in Chapter 2, "Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements," of the Oracle Database Installation Guide 11g Release2 (11.2) for Linux. Below is the list of requirements:
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
   If necessary, you can (as root
) edit the file /etc/sysctl.conf
 to specify a setting manually, for example:
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf 

# /sbin/sysctl -p
   The Oracle Universal Installer performs additional checks, such as verifying the glibc
 version, sufficient disk space, environmental variable and path settings, and sufficient physical memory and swap space. Generally, installing oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall
 takes care of the prerequisites so that you can proceed directly with installing the database.

Final Thoughts
Installing the oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall
 and oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall
 RPMs can save time when installing Oracle Database 12c and 11g on Oracle Linux. These RPMs address most Oracle Database installation prerequisites and greatly simplify the installation process.

See Also
Here are the resources referenced earlier in this document:

Oracle Unbreakable Linux Network: https://linux.oracle.com

Oracle Linux yum server: http://yum.oracle.com/

Oracle software delivery cloud (requires registration or login): https://edelivery.oracle.com/linux

Chapter 4, "Installing Oracle Database," of the Database Installation Guide for Linux: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e24321/inst_task.htm#BABBBHJH

Oracle Database Software Downloads page on Oracle Technology Network: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

And here are some additional resources from the Oracle Database Documentation Library (http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/homepage). Relevant subsections from the Oracle Database Installation Guide 11g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux (http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e16763/toc.htm) with currently valid URLs are as follows:

"About the Oracle RDBMS Pre-Install and Oracle Validated RPMs" from Chapter 1, "Overview of Oracle Database Installation": http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e16763/install_overview.htm#BABDBHCJ

Chapter 2, "Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements":  http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e16763/pre_install.htm#BABFDGHJ 
"Downloading Oracle Software" from Chapter 4, "Installing Oracle Database," which describes how to download installation files from the Oracle Technology Network Website:  http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e16763/inst_task.htm#autoId6 
Also see the blog entry "Oracle RDBMS Server 11gR2 Pre-Install RPM for Oracle Linux 6 has been released": https://blogs.oracle.com/linux/entry/oracle_rdbms_server_11gr2_pre

About the Authors
Ginny Henningsen has worked for the last 15 years as a freelance writer developing technical collateral and documentation for high-tech companies. Prior to that, Ginny worked for Sun Microsystems, Inc. as a Systems Engineer in King of Prussia, PA and Milwaukee, WI. Ginny has a BA from Carnegie-Mellon University and a MSCS from Villanova University.

Michele Casey is the Director of Product Management for Oracle Linux. She has worked with commercial Linux distributions and open source projects as a product manager since 2006. She has also held positions as a system administrator, project manager, and technical support engineer.

Revision 1.1, 07/09/2013; added information about using the
oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall
 package to install
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How I Simplified Oracle Database 12c and 11g Installations on Oracle Linux 6

How I Simplified Oracle Database 12c and 11g Installations on Oracle Linux 6

READ THIS FIRST: Important Changes Since Publication

Introducing the oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall and oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall RPM for Oracle Linux

Installing the oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall or oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall RPM

Final Thoughts

See Also

About the Authors

Introducing the
oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall
and
oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall
RPM for Oracle Linux

Installing the
oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall
or
oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall
RPM