CentOS 6编译安装Apache 2.4

apache 2.4增加如下新特性和新模块

新特性：

(1) MPM支持运行DSO机制；以模块形式按需加载；

(2) 支持event MPM；

(3) 支持异步读写；

(4) 支持每模块及每个目录分别使用各自的日志级别；

(5) 每请求配置；

(6) 增强版的表达式分析器；

(7) 支持毫秒级的keepalive timeout；

(8) 基于FQDN的虚拟主机不再需要NameVirtualHost指令；

(9) 支持用户自定义变量；

新模块：

(1) mod_proxy_fcgi

(2) mod_ratelimit

(3) mod_remoteip

修改了一些配置机制：

不再支持使用Order, Deny, Allow来做基于IP的访问控制；

一 部署环境

1.系统版本和内核

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS release 6.9 (Final)
[root@localhost ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64

2.编译安装apache 2.4时需要包组 “Development tools” 和”Server Platform Development”，用yum安装即可。编译安装apache 2.4时依赖于较高版本的apr，apr-util和pcre，这三个软件包可编译安装，而编译安装apr-util时需要expat开发库，用yum安装即可

[root@localhost ~]# yum groupinstall "Development tools" "Server Platform Development" -y
[root@localhost ~]# yum install expat-devel -y

二 安装apache 2.4所依赖的软件包

apache 2.4依赖于更高版本的apr，apr-util和pcre，安装apache 2.4之前先编译安装这三个软件包

1.编译安装apr-1.6.2.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/apr/apr-1.6.2.tar.gz [root@localhost ~]# tar xf apr-1.6.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/apr-1.6.2/
[root@localhost apr-1.6.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
[root@localhost apr-1.6.2]# make && make install

2.编译安装apr-util-1.6.0.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.0.tar.gz [root<
4000
span class="hljs-variable">@localhost ~]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/apr-util-1.6.0/
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.0]# make && make install

3.编译安装pcre-8.41.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://ftp.pcre.org/pub/pcre/pcre-8.41.tar.gz [root@localhost ~]# tar xf pcre-8.41.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/pcre-8.41/
[root@localhost pcre-8.41]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre
[root@localhost pcre-8.41]# make && make install

三 编译安装apache 2.4

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.28.tar.gz [root@localhost ~]# tar xf httpd-2.4.28.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/

把apr和apr-util的解压文件复制一份至httpd-2.4.28/srclib目录下，并去除版本号

否则编译时会出现如下错误

configure: error: Bundled APR requested but not found at ./srclib/. Download and unpack the corresponding apr and apr-util packages to ./srclib/.

[root@localhost ~]# cp -rf /usr/local/src/apr-1.6.2 /usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.28/srclib/apr
[root@localhost ~]# cp -rf /usr/local/src/apr-util-1.6.0 /usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.28/srclib/apr-util

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.28/
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.28]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconf=/etc/httpd \
> --with-included-apr --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre --with-zlib\
> --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=prefork

其中，上述选项的含义如下：

–prefix=/usr/local/apache 安装路径

–sysconf=/etc/httpd 配置文件路径

–with-included-apr 包含apr

–with-apr=/usr/local/apr 指定apr的安装路径

–with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util 指定apr-util的安装路径

–with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre 指定pcre的安装路径

–with-zlib 支持数据包压缩

–enable-so 允许运行时加载DSO模块

–enable-ssl 编译ssl模块

–enable-cgi 允许使用cgi脚本

–enable-rewrite 支持URL重写机制

–enable-modules=most 启用大多数常用的模块

–enable-mpms-shared=all 启用MPM所有支持的模式

–with-mpm=prefork 默认使用prefork模式

[root@localhost httpd-2.4.28]# make && make install

四 安装后的配置

1.导出二进制程序目录至PATH环境变量中

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/apache.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/apache.sh
[root@localhost ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/apache/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

2.导出库文件路径

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/apache.conf
/usr/local/apache/lib
[root@localhost ~]# ldconfig

3.导出头文件，可以基于链接的方式

[root@localhost ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/apache/include /usr/include/apache
`/usr/include/apache' -> `/usr/local/apache/include'

4.导出帮助手册

编辑man.config文件，找到 MANPATH /usr/X11R6/man 这一行，在下面添加如下一行

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/man.config
MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man

5.启动apache服务并测试

[root@localhost ~]# apachectl start
[root@localhost ~]# ss -tunl | grep 80
tcp    LISTEN    0    128        :::80        :::*
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
[root@localhost ~]# service iptables restart

打开浏览器，在浏览器输入centos主机的ip地址，网页上有如下显示

It works!

则表示apache服务已经正常启动

注：启动时会出现“AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server’s fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the ‘ServerName’ directive globally to suppress this message”这样的报错，只需要编辑http.conf文件，找到#ServerName www.example.com:80这一行，在下面添加 如下一行，然后重启apache

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
ServerName localhost:80
[root@localhost ~]# apachectl restart

6.创建apache启动脚本

在/etc/init.d/目录下创建httpd文件，编辑httpd文件，内容如下

[root@localhost ~]# apachectl stop
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/init.d/httpd

#!/bin/bash
#
# httpd        Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: The Apache HTTP Server is an efficient and extensible  \
#              server implementing the current HTTP standards.
# processname: httpd
# config: /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
# pidfile: /usr/local/apache/logs/httpd.pid
#
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: httpd
# Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $named
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $remote_fs $network
# Should-Start: distcache
# Short-Description: start and stop Apache HTTP Server
# Description: The Apache HTTP Server is an extensible server
#  implementing the current HTTP standards.
### END INIT INFO

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

if [ -f /etc/httpd ]; then
. /etc/httpd
fi

# Start httpd in the C locale by default.
HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}

# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if
# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.
INITLOG_ARGS=""

# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.
apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl
httpd=/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd
prog=httpd
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/usr/local/apache/logs/httpd.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}
RETVAL=0
STOP_TIMEOUT=${STOP_TIMEOUT-10}

# The semantics of these two functions differ from the way apachectl does
# things -- attempting to start while running is a failure, and shutdown
# when not running is also a failure.  So we just do it the way init scripts
# are expected to behave here.
start() {
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}
return $RETVAL
}

# When stopping httpd, a delay (of default 10 second) is required
# before SIGKILLing the httpd parent; this gives enough time for the
# httpd parent to SIGKILL any errant children.
stop() {
status -p ${pidfile} $httpd > /dev/null
if [[ $? = 0 ]]; then
a41e

echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p ${pidfile} -d ${STOP_TIMEOUT} $httpd
else
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
success
fi
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}
}

reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then
RETVAL=6
echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"
failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"
else
# Force LSB behaviour from killproc
LSB=1 killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP
RETVAL=$?
if [ $RETVAL -eq 7 ]; then
failure $"httpd shutdown"
fi
fi
echo
}

# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
status)
status -p ${pidfile} $httpd
RETVAL=$?
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
if status -p ${pidfile} $httpd >&/dev/null; then
stop
start
fi
;;
force-reload|reload)
reload
;;
graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)
$apachectl $@
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|try-restart|force-reload|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"
RETVAL=2
esac

exit $RETVAL

给httpd文件添加执行权限

[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/httpd

然后就可以用service 命令来启动和关闭httpd了

[root@localhost ~]# service httpd start
[root@localhost ~]# service httpd restart
[root@localhost ~]# service httpd status
[root@localhost ~]# service httpd reload
[root@localhost ~]# service httpd stop

7.加入开机自启动

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --add httpd
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig httpd on
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list httpd
httpd    0:off  1:off  2:on  3:on  4:on  5:on  6:off