【SSH项目实战】脚本密钥的批量分发与执行【转】

[TOC]

前言

本文转自

【SSH项目实战三】脚本密钥的批量分发与执行 - 陈思齐 - 博客园 http://www.cnblogs.com/chensiqiqi/p/6554055.html

【企业案例】

公司来了8台新服务器，计划组成一个小规模集群架构；其中有一台服务器作为批量管理服务器使用，其余7台则是业务架构所需。现在先由你来负责服务器的前期配置工作，

现要求如下：

环境准备

操作系统

[root@m01 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.8 (Final)

内核版本

[root@m01 ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64

主机网络参数设置：

主机名	网卡eth0	网卡eth1	用途
lb01	10.0.0.5/24	172.16.1.5/24	A1-nginx负载均衡服务器01
lb02	10.0.0.6/24	172.16.1.6/24	A2-nginx负载均衡服务器02
web02	10.0.0.7/24	172.16.1.7/24	B1-apache web服务器
web01	10.0.0.8/24	172.16.1.8/24	B2-nginx web服务器
db01	10.0.0.51/24	172.16.1.51/24	C3-mysql数据库服务器
nfs01	10.0.0.31/24	172.16.1.31/24	C1-NFS存储服务器
backup	10.0.0.41/24	172.16.1.41/24	C2-rsync存储服务器
m01	10.0.0.61/24	172.16.1.61/24	X-管理服务器

一，开始部署ssh密钥的批量分发

第一步：开始安装sshpass免交互工具并进行SSH-key的批量分发

下载epel源并更新yum仓库

[root@m01 ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo [root@m01 ~]# yum -y clean all
[root@m01 ~]# yum makecache

安装sshpass工具

[root@m01 ~]# yum -y install sshpass

第二步：创建密钥对文件

免交互创建密钥对

[root@m01 ~]# ssh-keygen -t dsa -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa -P ""
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
4d:01:91:98:be:02:89:ab:ce:63:4f:81:e3:ab:0b:f8 root@m01
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ DSA 1024]----+
|       oo+.      |
|      o .  .     |
| . . .    .      |
|. +   .  o       |
| + o   .S .      |
|+ . o .          |
|+. . .           |
|++o              |
|*=E.             |
+-----------------+
[root@m01 ~]# ls ~/.ssh/
authorized_keys  id_dsa  id_dsa.pub  known_hosts

命令说明：
ssh-keygen:生成密钥对命令
-t：指定密钥对的密码加密类型（rsa，dsa两种）
-f：指定密钥对文件的生成路径包含文件名
-P（大写）：指定密钥对的密码

第三步：免交户方式分发公钥

[root@m01 ~]# sshpass -p "ssh登录密码" ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub "-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@172.16.1.31"
Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh '-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@172.16.1.31'", and check in:

.ssh/authorized_keys

to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting.

[root@m01 ~]#

命令说明：
sshpass：专为ssh连接服务的免交户工具
-p ：指定登录的密码
ssh-copy-id：自动分发公钥的工具
-i：指定公钥路径
-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no :不进行对方主机信息的写入（第一次ssh连接会在know_hosts文件里记录）

第四步：测试ssh密钥认证情况

[root@m01 ~]# ssh root@172.16.1.31   #测试成功，免密码ssh连接
Last login: Tue Mar 14 21:49:58 2017 from 172.16.1.1
[root@nfs01 ~]#

第五步：编写ssh密钥对免交户批量分发脚本

#!/bin/bash
# author:Mr.chen
# 2017-3-14
# description:SSH密钥批量分发

User=root
passWord=##Linux登录密码

function YumBuild(){

echo "正在安装epel源yum仓库，请稍后..."
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ &&\
[ -d bak ] || mkdir bak
[ `find ./*.* -type f | wc -l` -gt 0 ] && find ./*.* -type f |  xargs -i mv {} bak/
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo &>/dev/null
yum -y clean all &>/dev/null
yum makecache &>/dev/null

}

echo "正在进行网络连接测试,请稍后..."
ping www.baidu.com -c2 >/dev/null ||(echo "无法连同外网，本脚本运行环境必须和外网相连！" && exit)
[ $# -eq 0 ] && echo "没有参数！格式为：sh $0 参数1...n" && exit
rpm -q sshpass &>/dev/null || yum -y install sshpass &>/dev/null
if [ $? -gt 0 ];then
YumBuild
yum -y install sshpass &>/dev/null || (echo "sshpass build error！" && exit)
fi
[ -d ~/.ssh ] || mkdir ~/.ssh;chmod 700 ~/.ssh
echo "正在创建密钥对...."
rm -rf ~/.ssh/id_dsa ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub
ssh-keygen -t dsa -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa -P "" &>/dev/null
for ip in $*
do
ping $ip -c1 &>/dev/null
if [ $? -gt 0 ];then
echo "$ip无法ping通请检查网络"
continue
fi
sshpass -p "$passWord" ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub "-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no ${User}@$ip" &>/dev/null
echo "$ip 密钥分发成功"
done

特别提示：
脚本内容仅作思路开拓之用！
想学好shell或者编程，光看是没用的；
1，学（基础）
2，看（思路）
3，仿（写法）
4，练（课外）

切记....

第六步：脚本分发测试

[root@m01 yum.repos.d]# sh /server/scripts/ssh_key.sh 172.16.1.5 172.16.1.6 172.16.1.7 172.16.1.8 172.16.1.51 172.16.1.31 172.16.1.41 172.16.1.61
正在进行网络连接测试,请稍后...
正在创建密钥对....
172.16.1.5无法ping通请检查网络
172.16.1.6无法ping通请检查网络
172.16.1.7 密钥分发成功
172.16.1.8 密钥分发成功
172.16.1.51无法ping通请检查网络
172.16.1.31 密钥分发成功
172.16.1.41 密钥分发成功
172.16.1.61 密钥分发成功

备注：
故意少开了3台，脚本测试成功。

二，开始部署ansible自动化工具并进行文件的批量分发

第一步：安装ansible工具

需要epel.repo源

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo 
yum -y install ansible

第二步：配置主机组

配置/etc/ansible/hosts文件

[root@m01 ~]# tail -8 /etc/ansible/hosts
[chensiqi]
172.16.1.31
172.16.1.41
172.16.1.51
172.16.1.5
172.16.1.6
172.16.1.7
172.16.1.8

由于已经配置过免密码的密钥认证了，所以/etc/ansible/hosts的主机映射文件只要加入被管理主机的IP地址就可以了。

第三步：进行ansible批量管理测试

[root@m01 ~]# ansible chensiqi -m command -a "w"
172.16.1.6 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
08:47:40 up 12 min,  1 user,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.01
USER     TTY      FROM              LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
root     pts/0    m01              08:47    0.00s  0.27s  0.01s /bin/sh -c /usr

172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
22:48:28 up 1 day,  3:37,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
USER     TTY      FROM              LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
root     tty1     -                Sat03    1:15m  0.15s  0.15s -bash
root     pts/0    m01              22:48    1.00s  0.33s  0.00s /bin/sh -c /usr

172.16.1.51 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
08:47:41 up 13 min,  1 user,  load average: 0.08, 0.03, 0.05
USER     TTY      FROM              LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
root     pts/0    m01              08:47    1.00s  0.29s  0.00s /bin/sh -c /usr

172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
10:27:47 up 15:47,  2 users,  load average: 0.16, 0.05, 0.06
USER     TTY      FROM              LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
root     tty1     -                Mon20   20:56m  0.15s  0.15s -bash
root     pts/0    m01              10:27    0.00s  0.26s  0.00s /bin/sh -c /usr

172.16.1.5 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
08:47:41 up 12 min,  1 user,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.03
USER     TTY      FROM              LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
root     pts/0    m01              08:47    0.00s  0.20s  0.00s /bin/sh -c /usr

172.16.1.7 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
21:03:00 up 10:03,  2 users,  load average: 0.05, 0.05, 0.05
USER     TTY      FROM              LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
root     tty1     -                11:00    2:03m  0.14s  0.14s -bash
root     pts/0    m01              21:02    1.00s  0.18s  0.00s /bin/sh -c /usr

172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
10:27:48 up 14:31,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
USER     TTY      FROM              LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
root     tty1     -                Sat09   20:03m  0.10s  0.10s -bash
root     pts/0    m01              10:27    1.00s  0.16s  0.00s /bin/sh -c /usr

第四步，进行/etc/hosts文件的批量分发

[root@m01 ~]# ansible chensiqi -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/etc/hosts backup=yes"   #backup=yes 如果目标存在文件，那么覆盖前是否备份目标文件
172.16.1.51 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "dba0126bf49ea8d4cdc476828f9edb37085c6afe",
"dest": "/etc/hosts",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "09bad48d0c62411850fd04b68f836335",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:net_conf_t:s0",
"size": 294,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1489446564.45-249855699288208/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "dba0126bf49ea8d4cdc476828f9edb37085c6afe",
"dest": "/etc/hosts",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "09bad48d0c62411850fd04b68f836335",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:net_conf_t:s0",
"size": 294,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1489446564.26-6373581674916/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "dba0126bf49ea8d4cdc476828f9edb37085c6afe",
"dest": "/etc/hosts",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "09bad48d0c62411850fd04b68f836335",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:net_conf_t:s0",
"size": 294,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1489446564.37-90309519963188/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
172.16.1.5 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "dba0126bf49ea8d4cdc476828f9edb37085c6afe",
"dest": "/etc/hosts",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "09bad48d0c62411850fd04b68f836335",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:net_conf_t:s0",
"size": 294,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1489446564.91-218095487370821/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
172.16.1.6 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "dba0126bf49ea8d4cdc476828f9edb37085c6afe",
"dest": "/etc/hosts",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "09bad48d0c62411850fd04b68f836335",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:net_conf_t:s0",
"size": 294,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1489446564.92-48667872204035/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "dba0126bf49ea8d4cdc476828f9edb37085c6afe",
"dest": "/etc/hosts",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "09bad48d0c62411850fd04b68f836335",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:net_conf_t:s0",
"size": 294,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1489446566.37-188264096277764/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
172.16.1.7 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "dba0126bf49ea8d4cdc476828f9edb37085c6afe",
"dest": "/etc/hosts",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "09bad48d0c62411850fd04b68f836335",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:net_conf_t:s0",
"size": 294,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1489446566.39-64165112131501/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}

特别提示：
如果目标路径存在文件，并且目标文件和你想要copy的文件完全相同的话，也会导致ansilbe的copy功能失效

三，编写服务器初期优化脚本（服务优化+自动安装epel源yum仓库），并用ansible进行脚本的批量分发和批量执行

第一步：编写服务器初期服务优化+epel源yum仓库搭建脚本

#!/bin/bash
# author：Mr.chen
# 2017-3-15
# description:服务器初期优化脚本+epel源yum仓库搭建

function ServerSystemOptimize(){

echo "脚本开始尝试对服务器进行一些必要的优化...." && sleep 2
/etc/init.d/iptables stop &>/dev/null && echo "防火墙已经关闭！" && sleep 1
setenforce 0 &>/dev/null && echo "SElinux 已关闭！" || echo "SElinux未开启！"
chkconfig iptables off && echo "防火墙已经取消开机启动！"&& sleep 1
sed -i '7 s/enforcing/disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config && echo "SElinux已经取消开机启动！"&& sleep 1
A=`awk '/id:/ {print NR,$0}' /etc/inittab | awk '{print $1}'`
sed -i "$A s/5/3/g" /etc/inittab && echo "Linux启动运行级别已经永久设置为3！" && sleep 1
chkconfig --list | egrep -v "rsyslog|network|crond|sysstat|sshd" | awk '{print "chkconfig",$1,"off"}' | bash &>/dev/null && echo "脚本已经关闭Linux不必要服务的开机自启动！" && sleep 1

}

function YumBuild(){

echo "正在安装epel源yum仓库，请稍后..."
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ &&\
[ -d bak ] || mkdir bak
[ `find ./*.* -type f | wc -l` -gt 0 ] && find ./*.* -type f |  xargs -i mv {} bak/
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo &>/dev/null
yum -y clean all &>/dev/null
yum makecache &>/dev/null

}

echo "脚本正在进行网络连接测试,请稍后..."
ping www.baidu.com -c2 &>/dev/null ||(echo "无法连同外网，或者DNS解析有问题，本脚本运行环境必须和外网相连！" && exit)
YumBuild
ServerSystemOptimize

第二步：本地测试脚本功能

[root@m01 ~]# sh /server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh
脚本正在进行网络连接测试,请稍后...
正在安装epel源yum仓库，请稍后...
*****************脚本开始尝试对服务器进行一些必要的优化....**********************
防火墙已经关闭！
SElinux 已关闭！
防火墙已经取消开机启动！
SElinux已经取消开机启动！
Linux启动运行级别已经永久设置为3！
脚本已经关闭Linux不必要服务的开机自启动！

第三步：用ansible进行脚本批量分发

[root@m01 ~]# ansible chensiqi -m copy -a "src=/server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh dest=/server/scripts/  backup=yes"
172.16.1.6 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "9d508da8cce8830722ac38ad274361601d33f43e",
"dest": "/server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "efeaffe8266992c190c1055241458259",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:default_t:s0",
"size": 1600,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1489449184.22-105813674245985/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
172.16.1.5 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "9d508da8cce8830722ac38ad274361601d33f43e",
"dest": "/server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "efeaffe8266992c190c1055241458259",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:default_t:s0",
"size": 1600,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1489449184.22-102726815232979/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
172.16.1.51 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "9d508da8cce8830722ac38ad274361601d33f43e",
"dest": "/server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "efeaffe8266992c190c1055241458259",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:default_t:s0",
"size": 1600,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1489449184.26-180721242166387/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"checksum": "9d508da8cce8830722ac38ad274361601d33f43e",
"dest": "/server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:default_t:s0",
"size": 1600,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"checksum": "9d508da8cce8830722ac38ad274361601d33f43e",
"dest": "/server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:default_t:s0",
"size": 1600,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"checksum": "9d508da8cce8830722ac38ad274361601d33f43e",
"dest": "/server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:default_t:s0",
"size": 1600,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
172.16.1.7 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"checksum": "9d508da8cce8830722ac38ad274361601d33f43e",
"dest": "/server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:default_t:s0",
"size": 1600,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}

第四步：用ansible批量执行脚本

[root@m01 ~]# ansible chensiqi -m shell -a "sh /server/scripts/server_uptimize.sh"
172.16.1.5 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
脚本正在进行网络连接测试,请稍后...
正在安装epel源yum仓库，请稍后...
*****************脚本开始尝试对服务器进行一些必要的优化....**********************
防火墙已经关闭！
SElinux 已关闭！
防火墙已经取消开机启动！
SElinux已经取消开机启动！
Linux启动运行级别已经永久设置为3！
脚本已经关闭Linux不必要服务的开机自启动！

172.16.1.6 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
脚本正在进行网络连接测试,请稍后...
正在安装epel源yum仓库，请稍后...
*****************脚本开始尝试对服务器进行一些必要的优化....**********************
防火墙已经关闭！
SElinux 已关闭！
防火墙已经取消开机启动！
SElinux已经取消开机启动！
Linux启动运行级别已经永久设置为3！
脚本已经关闭Linux不必要服务的开机自启动！

172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
脚本正在进行网络连接测试,请稍后...
正在安装epel源yum仓库，请稍后...
*****************脚本开始尝试对服务器进行一些必要的优化....**********************
防火墙已经关闭！
SElinux 已关闭！
防火墙已经取消开机启动！
SElinux已经取消开机启动！
Linux启动运行级别已经永久设置为3！
脚本已经关闭Linux不必要服务的开机自启动！

172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
脚本正在进行网络连接测试,请稍后...
正在安装epel源yum仓库，请稍后...
*****************脚本开始尝试对服务器进行一些必要的优化....**********************
防火墙已经关闭！
SElinux 已关闭！
防火墙已经取消开机启动！
SElinux已经取消开机启动！
Linux启动运行级别已经永久设置为3！
脚本已经关闭Linux不必要服务的开机自启动！

172.16.1.51 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
脚本正在进行网络连接测试,请稍后...
正在安装epel源yum仓库，请稍后...
*****************脚本开始尝试对服务器进行一些必要的优化....**********************
防火墙已经关闭！
SElinux 已关闭！
防火墙已经取消开机启动！
SElinux已经取消开机启动！
Linux启动运行级别已经永久设置为3！
脚本已经关闭Linux不必要服务的开机自启动！

172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
脚本正在进行网络连接测试,请稍后...
正在安装epel源yum仓库，请稍后...
*****************脚本开始尝试对服务器进行一些必要的优化....**********************
防火墙已经关闭！
SElinux 已关闭！
防火墙已经取消开机启动！
SElinux已经取消开机启动！
Linux启动运行级别已经永久设置为3！
脚本已经关闭Linux不必要服务的开机自启动！

172.16.1.7 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
脚本正在进行网络连接测试,请稍后...
正在安装epel源yum仓库，请稍后...
*****************脚本开始尝试对服务器进行一些必要的优化....**********************
防火墙已经关闭！
SElinux 已关闭！
防火墙已经取消开机启动！
SElinux已经取消开机启动！
Linux启动运行级别已经永久设置为3！
脚本已经关闭Linux不必要服务的开机自启动！