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STM32F429 使用 TCS34725 颜色传感器的驱动程序

2017-09-15 16:32 531 查看
用到了 TCS34725 颜色传感器,网上百度一圈都没有发现驱动程序,自己照着 Arduino 的程序和数据手册写了下,记录一下 (~ ̄▽ ̄)~

第一步,先来看看数据手册,了解到 TCS34725 是 I²C 器件,那就好办了,根据以前写的 I²C 驱动改一改就好啦 b( ̄▽ ̄)d(具体代码贴在后边)。

Communication of the TCS3472 data is accomplished over a fast, up to 400 kHz, two-wire I²C serial bus. The industry standard I²C bus facilitates easy, direct connection to microcontrollers and embedded processors.


然后干嘛嘞?当然是找器件地址和寄存器地址啦,继续翻手册…(⊙_⊙;)…



找到 TCS34725 地址为 0x29 ,各个寄存器的地址如下:



到这里,发现这货不仅器件地址是奇数,而且还有个没有地址的 COMMAND 寄存器,嗯,隐隐感觉肯定有个坑在这里 ヾ(。 ̄□ ̄)ツ゜゜゜

接下来就可以着手写程序啦 (o゜▽゜)o☆

首先定义一下用到的引脚:

/*********************************
*TCS34725相关宏定义
*********************************/
#define TCS_SDA_PIN_NUM       0
#define TCS_SDA_PIN           GPIO_PIN_0
#define TCS_SDA_GPIO          GPIOI
#define TCS_SCL_PIN           GPIO_PIN_1
#define TCS_SCL_GPIO          GPIOI


然后把之前写的 I²C 驱动程序粘过来改一下(^-^)V

//IO方向设置
#define TCS_SDA_DIR_IN()
{TCS_SDA_GPIO->MODER&=~(3<<(TCS_SDA_PIN_NUM*2));TCS_SDA_GPIO>MODER|=0<<TCS_SDA_PIN_NUM*2;}//输入模式

#define TCS_SDA_DIR_OUT()
{TCS_SDA_GPIO->MODER&=~(3<<(TCS_SDA_PIN_NUM*2));TCS_SDA_GPIO>MODER|=1<<TCS_SDA_PIN_NUM*2;}//输出模式

#define TCS_SDA_READ          HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(TCS_SDA_GPIO, TCS_SDA_PIN)
#define TCS_SDA_SET           HAL_GPIO_WritePin(TCS_SDA_GPIO, TCS_SDA_PIN, GPIO_PIN_SET)
#define TCS_SDA_RESET         HAL_GPIO_WritePin(TCS_SDA_GPIO, TCS_SDA_PIN, GPIO_PIN_RESET)
#define TCS_SCL_SET           HAL_GPIO_WritePin(TCS_SCL_GPIO, TCS_SCL_PIN, GPIO_PIN_SET)
#define TCS_SCL_RESET         HAL_GPIO_WritePin(TCS_SCL_GPIO, TCS_SCL_PIN, GPIO_PIN_RESET)

//TCS34725 I2C初始化
void TCS34725_I2C_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_Initure;
__HAL_RCC_GPIOI_CLK_ENABLE();   //使能GPIOI时钟

GPIO_Initure.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;  //推挽输出
GPIO_Initure.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;          //上拉
GPIO_Initure.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FAST;     //快速

GPIO_Initure.Pin = TCS_SDA_PIN;
HAL_GPIO_Init(TCS_SDA_GPIO, &GPIO_Initure);
GPIO_Initure.Pin = TCS_SCL_PIN;
HAL_GPIO_Init(TCS_SCL_GPIO, &GPIO_Initure);

TCS_SDA_SET;
TCS_SCL_SET;

delay_ms(10);
}

//产生I2C起始信号
void TCS34725_I2C_Start()
{
TCS_SDA_DIR_OUT();//sda线输出
TCS_SDA_SET;
TCS_SCL_SET;
delay_us(4);
TCS_SDA_RESET;//START:when CLK is high,DATA change form high to low
delay_us(4);
TCS_SCL_RESET;//钳住I2C总线,准备发送或接收数据
}

//产生I2C停止信号
void TCS34725_I2C_Stop()
{
TCS_SDA_DIR_OUT();//sda线输出
TCS_SCL_RESET;
TCS_SDA_RESET;//STOP:when CLK is high DATA change form low to high
delay_us(4);
TCS_SCL_SET;
TCS_SDA_SET;//发送I2C总线结束信号
delay_us(4);
}

//等待应答信号到来
//返回值:1,接收应答失败
//        0,接收应答成功
uint8_t TCS34725_I2C_Wait_ACK()
{
uint8_t timeOut = 0;

TCS_SDA_DIR_IN();//SDA设置为输入
TCS_SDA_SET; delay_us(1);
TCS_SCL_SET; delay_us(1);
while(TCS_SDA_READ)
{
timeOut++;
if(timeOut > 250)
{
TCS34725_I2C_Stop();
return 1;
}
}
TCS_SCL_RESET;//时钟输出0

return 0;
}

//产生ACK应答
void TCS34725_I2C_ACK()
{
TCS_SCL_RESET;
TCS_SDA_DIR_OUT();//sda线输出
TCS_SDA_RESET;
delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_SET;
delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_RESET;
}

//不产生ACK应答
void TCS34725_I2C_NACK()
{
TCS_SCL_RESET;
TCS_SDA_DIR_OUT();//sda线输出
TCS_SDA_SET;
delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_SET;
delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_RESET;
}

//I2C发送一个字节
void TCS34725_I2C_Send_Byte(uint8_t byte)
{
uint8_t i = 0;

TCS_SDA_DIR_OUT();//sda线输出
TCS_SCL_RESET;//拉低时钟开始数据传输
for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
((byte & 0x80) >> 7) == 0x01 ? TCS_SDA_SET : TCS_SDA_RESET;
byte <<= 1;
delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_SET;
delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_RESET;
delay_us(2);
}
}

//读1个字节,ack=1时,发送ACK,ack=0,发送nACK
uint8_t TCS34725_I2C_Read_Byte(uint8_t ack)
{
uint8_t i,receive = 0;

TCS_SDA_DIR_IN();
for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
TCS_SCL_RESET;
delay_us(2);
TCS_SCL_SET;
receive <<= 1;
if(TCS_SDA_READ) receive++;
delay_us(1);
}
if (!ack) TCS34725_I2C_NACK();//发送nACK
else TCS34725_I2C_ACK(); //发送ACK

return receive;
}


OK,以上就是最基本 I²C 的驱动程序,下边就到了第一个重点啦(~ ̄▽ ̄)~,也就是为毛这货的器件地址是个奇数,我们知道 I²C 的从机地址是 8 bit ,前 7 bit 是器件地址,最后 1 bit 代表是读操作(1)还是写操作(0),所以一般来说器件地址应该是偶数。但是,有的厂家给的地址是低 7 bit (例如这货),所以就会出现奇数的情况,这样就需要给它左移 1 bit 。

好了,地址的问题解决了,就可以写读操作和写操作的程序了

/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief Writes data to a slave device.
*
* @param slaveAddress - Adress of the slave device.
* @param dataBuffer - Pointer to a buffer storing the transmission data.
* @param bytesNumber - Number of bytes to write.
* @param stopBit - Stop condition control.
*                  Example: 0 - A stop condition will not be sent;
*                           1 - A stop condition will be sent.
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_I2C_Write(uint8_t slaveAddress,
uint8_t* dataBuffer,
uint8_t bytesNumber,
uint8_t stopBit)
{
unsigned char i = 0;

TCS34725_I2C_Start();
TCS34725_I2C_Send_Byte((slaveAddress << 1) | 0x00);    //发送从机地址写命令
TCS34725_I2C_Wait_ACK();
for(i = 0; i < bytesNumber; i++)
{
TCS34725_I2C_Send_Byte(*(dataBuffer + i));
TCS34725_I2C_Wait_ACK();
}
if(stopBit == 1) TCS34725_I2C_Stop();
}

/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief Reads data from a slave device.
*
* @param slaveAddress - Adress of the slave device.
* @param dataBuffer - Pointer to a buffer that will store the received data.
* @param bytesNumber - Number of bytes to read.
* @param stopBit - Stop condition control.
*                  Example: 0 - A stop condition will not be sent;
*                           1 - A stop condition will be sent.
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_I2C_Read(uint8_t slaveAddress,
uint8_t* dataBuffer,
uint8_t bytesNumber,
uint8_t stopBit)
{
unsigned char i = 0;

TCS34725_I2C_Start();
TCS34725_I2C_Send_Byte((slaveAddress << 1) | 0x01);    //发送从机地址读命令
TCS34725_I2C_Wait_ACK();
for(i = 0; i < bytesNumber; i++)
{
if(i == bytesNumber - 1)
{
*(dataBuffer + i) = TCS34725_I2C_Read_Byte(0);//读取的最后一个字节发送NACK
}
else
{
*(dataBuffer + i) = TCS34725_I2C_Read_Byte(1);
}
}
if(stopBit == 1) TCS34725_I2C_Stop();
}


基本驱动通讯搞定,接下来就给跟它唠唠嗑儿了,先定义一下暗号 (๑≧∀≦๑) ,暗号摘自 Arduino 下的驱动程序文件。

#define TCS34725_ADDRESS          (0x29)

#define TCS34725_COMMAND_BIT      (0x80)

#define TCS34725_ENABLE           (0x00)
#define TCS34725_ENABLE_AIEN      (0x10)    /* RGBC Interrupt Enable */
#define TCS34725_ENABLE_WEN       (0x08)    /* Wait enable - Writing 1 activates the wait timer */
#define TCS34725_ENABLE_AEN       (0x02)    /* RGBC Enable - Writing 1 actives the ADC, 0 disables it */
#define TCS34725_ENABLE_PON       (0x01)    /* Power on - Writing 1 activates the internal oscillator, 0 disables it */
#define TCS34725_ATIME            (0x01)    /* Integration time */
#define TCS34725_WTIME            (0x03)    /* Wait time (if TCS34725_ENABLE_WEN is asserted) */
#define TCS34725_WTIME_2_4MS      (0xFF)    /* WLONG0 = 2.4ms   WLONG1 = 0.029s */
#define TCS34725_WTIME_204MS      (0xAB)    /* WLONG0 = 204ms   WLONG1 = 2.45s  */
#define TCS34725_WTIME_614MS      (0x00)    /* WLONG0 = 614ms   WLONG1 = 7.4s   */
#define TCS34725_AILTL            (0x04)    /* Clear channel lower interrupt threshold */
#define TCS34725_AILTH            (0x05)
#define TCS34725_AIHTL            (0x06)    /* Clear channel upper interrupt threshold */
#define TCS34725_AIHTH            (0x07)
#define TCS34725_PERS             (0x0C)    /* Persistence register - basic SW filtering mechanism for interrupts */
#define TCS34725_PERS_NONE        (0b0000)  /* Every RGBC cycle generates an interrupt                                */
#define TCS34725_PERS_1_CYCLE     (0b0001)  /* 1 clean channel value outside threshold range generates an interrupt   */
#define TCS34725_PERS_2_CYCLE     (0b0010)  /* 2 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt  */
#define TCS34725_PERS_3_CYCLE     (0b0011)  /* 3 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt  */
#define TCS34725_PERS_5_CYCLE     (0b0100)  /* 5 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt  */
#define TCS34725_PERS_10_CYCLE    (0b0101)  /* 10 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_15_CYCLE    (0b0110)  /* 15 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_20_CYCLE    (0b0111)  /* 20 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_25_CYCLE    (0b1000)  /* 25 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_30_CYCLE    (0b1001)  /* 30 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_35_CYCLE    (0b1010)  /* 35 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_40_CYCLE    (0b1011)  /* 40 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_45_CYCLE    (0b1100)  /* 45 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_50_CYCLE    (0b1101)  /* 50 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_55_CYCLE    (0b1110)  /* 55 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_PERS_60_CYCLE    (0b1111)  /* 60 clean channel values outside threshold range generates an interrupt */
#define TCS34725_CONFIG           (0x0D)
#define TCS34725_CONFIG_WLONG     (0x02)    /* Choose between short and long (12x) wait times via TCS34725_WTIME */
#define TCS34725_CONTROL          (0x0F)    /* Set the gain level for the sensor */
#define TCS34725_ID               (0x12)    /* 0x44 = TCS34721/TCS34725, 0x4D = TCS34723/TCS34727 */
#define TCS34725_STATUS           (0x13)
#define TCS34725_STATUS_AINT      (0x10)    /* RGBC Clean channel interrupt */
#define TCS34725_STATUS_AVALID    (0x01)    /* Indicates that the RGBC channels have completed an integration cycle */
#define TCS34725_CDATAL           (0x14)    /* Clear channel data */
#define TCS34725_CDATAH           (0x15)
#define TCS34725_RDATAL           (0x16)    /* Red channel data */
#define TCS34725_RDATAH           (0x17)
#define TCS34725_GDATAL           (0x18)    /* Green channel data */
#define TCS34725_GDATAH           (0x19)
#define TCS34725_BDATAL           (0x1A)    /* Blue channel data */
#define TCS34725_BDATAH           (0x1B)

#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_2_4MS   0xFF   /**<  2.4ms - 1 cycle    - Max Count: 1024  */
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_24MS    0xF6   /**<  24ms  - 10 cycles  - Max Count: 10240 */
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_50MS    0xEB   /**<  50ms  - 20 cycles  - Max Count: 20480 */
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_101MS   0xD5   /**<  101ms - 42 cycles  - Max Count: 43008 */
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_154MS   0xC0   /**<  154ms - 64 cycles  - Max Count: 65535 */
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_240MS   0x9C   /**<  240ms - 100 cycles - Max Count: 65535 */
#define TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_700MS   0x00   /**<  700ms - 256 cycles - Max Count: 65535 */

#define TCS34725_GAIN_1X                 0x00   /**<  No gain  */
#define TCS34725_GAIN_4X                 0x01   /**<  4x gain  */
#define TCS34725_GAIN_16X                0x02   /**<  16x gain */
#define TCS34725_GAIN_60X                0x03   /**<  60x gain */


发现其中有个 TCS34725_COMMAND_BIT ,而且发现 Arduino 代码中只要发送寄存器地址的地方都有它 (๑°ㅁ°๑)‼,此处必有蹊跷!翻开我们的葵花宝典,啊不,是数据手册,居然发现了这个!



宝典告诉我们,若要寻址,此 bit 必须置 1 ,也就是说我们在发送需要操作的寄存器地址时,必需要将 MSB 置为 1 。怪不得你丫儿没地址,原来哪都有你 (°ー°〃)

知道了这个就好办了,我们先封装一下基本的读写操作

/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief Writes data into TCS34725 registers, starting from the selected
*        register address pointer.
*
* @param subAddr - The selected register address pointer.
* @param dataBuffer - Pointer to a buffer storing the transmission data.
* @param bytesNumber - Number of bytes that will be sent.
*
* @return None.
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_Write(unsigned char subAddr, unsigned char* dataBuffer, unsigned char bytesNumber)
{
unsigned char sendBuffer[10] = {0, };
unsigned char byte = 0;

sendBuffer[0] = subAddr | TCS34725_COMMAND_BIT;
for(byte = 1; byte <= bytesNumber; byte++)
{
sendBuffer[byte] = dataBuffer[byte - 1];
}
TCS34725_I2C_Write(TCS34725_ADDRESS, sendBuffer, bytesNumber + 1, 1);
}

/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief Reads data from TCS34725 registers, starting from the selected
*        register address pointer.
*
* @param subAddr - The selected register address pointer.
* @param dataBuffer - Pointer to a buffer that will store the received data.
* @param bytesNumber - Number of bytes that will be read.
*
* @return None.
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_Read(unsigned char subAddr, unsigned char* dataBuffer, unsigned char bytesNumber)
{
subAddr |= TCS34725_COMMAND_BIT;

TCS34725_I2C_Write(TCS34725_ADDRESS, (unsigned char*)&subAddr, 1, 0);
TCS34725_I2C_Read(TCS34725_ADDRESS, dataBuffer, bytesNumber, 1);
}


接下来就可以根据宝典里对各个寄存器的说明来编程了,我就写了我用到的几个功能 (๑・ิ-・ิ๑) ,各位看官有需要可以自己补充。废话不多说,上代码:

TCS34725 的 ID 是 0x44 可以根据这个来判断是否成功连接。

/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief TCS34725初始化
*
* @return ID - ID寄存器中的值
*******************************************************************************/
unsigned char TCS34725_Init(void)
{
unsigned char status[1] = {0};

TCS34725_I2C_Init();
TCS34725_Read(TCS34725_ID, status, 1);
return status[0];
}


两个个主要设置,设置积分时间(ATIME 寄存器)和增益(CONTROL 寄存器)。这个直接和最后获取到的数据相关,积分时间越长,增益越大,最后获得值越大,需要根据实际应用情况进行设置。

积分时间的计算如下文所示:

The actual time can be calculated as follows:

ATIME = 256 − Integration Time / 2.4 ms

Inversely, the time can be calculated from the register value as follows:

Integration Time = 2.4 ms × (256 − ATIME)

For example, if a 100-ms integration time is needed, the device needs to be programmed to:

256 − (100 / 2.4) = 256 − 42 = 214 = 0xD6

Conversely, the programmed value of 0xC0 would correspond to:

(256 − 0xC0) × 2.4 = 64 × 2.4 = 154 ms.


/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief TCS34725设置积分时间
*
* @return None
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_SetIntegrationTime(uint8_t time)
{
unsigned char cmd = time;

TCS34725_Write(TCS34725_ATIME, &cmd, 1);
}
/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief TCS34725设置增益
*
* @return None
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_SetGain(uint8_t gain)
{
unsigned char cmd = gain;

TCS34725_Write(TCS34725_CONTROL, &cmd, 1);
}
/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief TCS34725设置寄存器
*
* @return None
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_Setup(void)
{
TCS34725_SetIntegrationTime(TCS34725_INTEGRATIONTIME_240MS);
TCS34725_SetGain(TCS34725_GAIN_4X);
}


器件上电后默认是在睡觉(Sleep 模式),得踹一脚(Enable)才醒(Idle 模式),然后告诉它是等一会干活还是马上滚去干活 (╯﹏╰)b



我这里让它直接干活去了,注意从 Idle 模式退出后,需要 2.4 ms 的时间来进行 RGBC 初始化,所以给个 3 ms 的延时就可以了。干完一次活后,如果不让它回去睡觉(Disable),就会自动继续干活,开始一个新的循环。

/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief TCS34725使能
*
* @return None
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_Enable(void)
{
unsigned char cmd = TCS34725_ENABLE_PON;

TCS34725_Write(TCS34725_ENABLE, &cmd, 1);
delay_ms(3);
cmd = TCS34725_ENABLE_PON | TCS34725_ENABLE_AEN;
TCS34725_Write(TCS34725_ENABLE, &cmd, 1);
}
/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief TCS34725失能
*
* @return None
*******************************************************************************/
void TCS34725_Disable(void)
{
unsigned char cmd = 0x00;

TCS34725_Read(TCS34725_ENABLE, &cmd, 1);
cmd = cmd & ~(TCS34725_ENABLE_PON | TCS34725_ENABLE_AEN);
TCS34725_Write(TCS34725_ENABLE, &cmd, 1);
}


然后我们就可以拿到转换数据了,这里我根据自己的需要对 Arduino 的代码做了些修改

/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief TCS34725获取单个通道数据
*
* @return data - 该通道的转换值
*******************************************************************************/
uint16_t TCS34725_GetChannelData(unsigned char reg)
{
unsigned char tmp[2] = {0,0};
uint16_t data = 0;

TCS34725_Read(reg, tmp, 2);
data = ((uint16_t)tmp[1] << 8) | tmp[0];

return data;
}
/***************************************************************************//**
* @brief TCS34725获取各个通道数据
*
* @return 1 - 转换完成,数据可用
*         0 - 转换未完成,数据不可用
*******************************************************************************/
uint8_t TCS34725_GetRawData(uint16_t *r, uint16_t *g, uint16_t *b, uint16_t *c)
{
unsigned char status[1] = {0};

status[0] = TCS34725_STATUS_AVALID;

TCS34725_Read(TCS34725_STATUS, status, 1);

if(status[0] & TCS34725_STATUS_AVALID)
{
*c = TCS34725_GetChannelData(TCS34725_CDATAL);
*r = TCS34725_GetChannelData(TCS34725_RDATAL);
*g = TCS34725_GetChannelData(TCS34725_GDATAL);
*b = TCS34725_GetChannelData(TCS34725_BDATAL);
return 1;
}
return 0;
}


好了,到这里 TCS34725 的驱动程序就完成啦ヽ(=^・ω・^=)丿
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