金庸武功之“”左右互搏术“”postgresql 主从异步流复制配置

一.环境准备

a.关闭selinxu

b.关闭iptables
c.centos6.5
d.postgresql9.4.4

master：192.168.1.211
slave: 192.168.1.212

时间同步：

#同步系统时间
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /etc/localtime
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y ntpdate
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/ntpdate -u 202.120.2.101 && hwclock -w

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable ntpdate && systemctl start ntpdate # 如果在启动ntp时报错，那是端口号被占用了，如下处理
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y lsof
[root@localhost ~]# lsof -i:123
[root@localhost ~]# kill -9 $进程号
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable ntpdate && systemctl start ntpdate
[root@localhost ~]# crontab -e
*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate -u 202.120.2.101 && hwclock -w

二.安装，master && slave 一样

四、源码包安装1、在三台安装依赖包yum -y install gcc*yum -y install readline-devel2、在三台增加用户# adduser postgres
3. 下载PostgreSQL 源码包
# wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v9.4.4/postgresql-9.4.4.tar.bz2

4. 解压源码包# tar xjf postgresql-9.4.4.tar.bz2 #需要安装 yum install -y bzip2 5. 进入解压后的目录# cd postgresql-9.4.46.开始编译安装PostgreSQL 数据库。[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.4]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.4]#make[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.4]# make install7.设置环境
pgsql[root@postgresql01 postgres]# vi /etc/profile
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/pgsql/bin
保存退出。让环境变量生效[root@postgresql01 postgres]# source /etc/profile8.初始化数据库8.1新建数据目录[root@postgresql01 postgres]# mkdir /data/pg/data8.2更改权限[root@postgresql01 postgres]# chown postgres:postgres /data/pg/data8.3切换到postgres用户[root@postgresql01 postgres]# su - postgres8.4 init db[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /data/pg/data到这里数据的初始化就完成9.系统服务9.1回到root用户[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ exit9.2复制安装目录下的linux文件/etc/init.d/进入postgresql的安装目录[root@postgresql01 postgres]# cd /root/postgresql-9.4.4/[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.4]# cp contrib/start-scripts/linux /etc/init.d/postgresql9.3修改/etc/init.d/postgresql 注意：红色是修改部分[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.4]# vi /etc/init.d/postgresql#! /bin/sh # chkconfig: 2345 98 02# description: PostgreSQL RDBMS # This is an example of a start/stop script for SysV-style init, such# as is used on Linux systems. You should edit some of the variables# and maybe the 'echo' commands.## Place this file at /etc/init.d/postgresql (or# /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgresql) and make symlinks to# /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K02postgresql# /etc/rc.d/rc1.d/K02postgresql# /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/K02postgresql# /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S98postgresql# /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/S98postgresql# /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S98postgresql# Or, if you have chkconfig, simply:# chkconfig --add postgresql## Proper init scripts on Linux systems normally require setting lock# and pid files under /var/run as well as reacting to network# settings, so you should treat this with care. # Original author: Ryan Kirkpatrick <pgsql@rkirkpat.net> # contrib/start-scripts/linux ## EDIT FROM HERE # Installation prefixprefix=/usr/local/pgsql # Data directoryPGDATA="/data/pg/data"# Who to run the postmaster as, usually "postgres". (NOT "root")PGUSER=postgres # Where to keep a log filePGLOG="$PGDATA/serverlog" # It's often a good idea to protect the postmaster from being killed by the# OOM killer (which will tend to preferentially kill the postmaster because# of the way it accounts for shared memory). Setting the OOM_SCORE_ADJ value# to -1000 will disable OOM kill altogether. If you enable this, you probably# want to compile PostgreSQL with "-DLINUX_OOM_SCORE_ADJ=0", so that# individual backends can still be killed by the OOM killer.#OOM_SCORE_ADJ=-1000# Older Linux kernels may not have /proc/self/oom_score_adj, but instead# /proc/self/oom_adj, which works similarly except the disable value is -17.# For such a system, enable this and compile with "-DLINUX_OOM_ADJ=0".#OOM_ADJ=-17 ## STOP EDITING HERE # The path that is to be used for the scriptPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin # What to use to start up the postmaster. (If you want the script to wait# until the server has started, you could use "pg_ctl start -w" here.# But without -w, pg_ctl adds no value.)DAEMON="$prefix/bin/postmaster" # What to use to shut down the postmasterPGCTL="$prefix/bin/pg_ctl" set -e # Only start if we can find the postmaster.test -x $DAEMON ||{ echo "$DAEMON not found" if [ "$1" = "stop" ] then exit 0 else exit 5 fi} # Parse command line parameters.case $1 in start) echo -n "Starting PostgreSQL: " test x"$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_score_adj test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1 echo "ok" ;; stop) echo -n "Stopping PostgreSQL: " su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast" echo "ok" ;; restart) echo -n "Restarting PostgreSQL: " su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast -w" test x"$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_score_adj test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1 echo "ok" ;; reload) echo -n "Reload PostgreSQL: " su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL reload -D '$PGDATA' -s" echo "ok" ;;status) su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL status -D '$PGDATA'" ;; *) # Print help echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status}" 1>&2 exit 1 ;;esac exit 0 9.4启动数据库[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.4]# cd /etc/init.d [root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.4]# chmod +x postgresql

[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.4]# /etc/init.d/postgresql start9.5让数据库开机启动[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.4]# chkconfig --add postgresql[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.4]# chkconfig postgresql on9.6创建数据操作历史记录文件[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.4]# touch /usr/local/pgsql/.pgsql_history[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.4]# chown postgres:postgres /usr/local/pgsql/.pgsql_history10.测试使用[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ createdb test[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ psql testpsql (9.4.4)Type "help" for help. test=#源码编译安装成功

这里安装以后要把数据库停掉，省的后面端口被占用后，配置改完了，重启不生效，楼主就是这个小问题导致试验了好几次都不成功，切记，装完把数据库停掉。

三.配置master

首先，在 vi pg_hba.conf

host all all 192.168.1.0/24 md5

host replication repluser 192.168.1.0/24 md5

其次，vi postgresql.conf

listen_addresses = '*'

max_connections = 100

wal_level = hot_standby

max_wal_senders = 5

wal_keep_segments=16

在主库增加同步的用户名与密码[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ psql -d postgrespsql (9.4.3)Type "help" for help. postgres=# CREATE ROLE repluser REPLICATION LOGIN PASSWORD '123456';CREATE ROLEpostgres=#
启动master

四.配置standby

首先把数据库数据目录下的内容删除

cd /data/pg/data
rm -rf *

然后执行基础备份

[root@pg-slave data]# pg_basebackup -h 192.168.1.211 -U repluser -F p -x -P -R -D /data/pg/data/ -l repluserbackup20170913

执行完后，由于使用了R选项，所以会生成recovery.conf文件

vi recovery.conf

standby_mode = 'on'
primary_conninfo = 'user=repluser password=123456 host=192.168.1.211 port=5432 sslmode=disable sslcompression=1'

recovery_target_timeline = 'latest'

vi postgresql.conf

hot_standby = on

启动standby

这里启动时要确保数据库之前没有启动，端口没被占用，这样修改的配置文件才会生效。切记

五.验证

在master上建个表，插入数据

postgres=# create table test01(id int primary key, note text);
postgres=# insert into test01 values(1,'11111');
postgres=# insert into test01 values(3,'22222');
postgres=# insert into test01 values(3,'33333');
postgres=# insert into test01 values(4,'44444');

postgres=# select * from test01;
id | note
----+-------
1 | 11111
2 | 22222
3 | 33333
4 | 44444
(4 rows)

postgres=#

在slave上

postgres=# select * from test01;
id | note
----+-------
1 | 11111
2 | 22222
3 | 33333
4 | 44444
(4 rows)

还有一点就是，在master上执行
postgres=# select pg_is_in_recovery();
pg_is_in_recovery
-------------------
f
(1 row)

而在slave上

postgres=# select pg_is_in_recovery();
pg_is_in_recovery
-------------------
t
(1 row)

在master

postgres=# select client_addr,sync_state from pg_stat_replication;
client_addr | sync_state
---------------+------------
192.168.1.212 | async
(1 row)

说明94是从服务器，在接收流，而且是异步流复制。

此外，还可以分别在主、从节点上运行 ps aux | grep postgres 来查看进程：
主服务器（211）上：

[postgres@pg-master ~]$ ps aux | grep postgres
postgres 1193 0.0 1.2 262720 13020 ? S 16:56 0:00 /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /data/pg/data
postgres 1195 0.0 0.3 262820 3020 ? Ss 16:56 0:00 postgres: checkpointer process
postgres 1196 0.0 0.2 262720 2228 ? Ss 16:56 0:00 postgres: writer process
postgres 1197 0.0 0.5 262720 5192 ? Ss 16:56 0:00 postgres: wal writer process
postgres 1198 0.0 0.1 263148 1788 ? Ss 16:56 0:00 postgres: autovacuum launcher process
postgres 1199 0.0 0.0 118012 988 ? Ss 16:56 0:00 postgres: stats collector process
postgres 1281 0.0 0.2 263352 2340 ? Ss 17:31 0:00 postgres: wal sender process repluser 192.168.1.212(38215) streaming 0/30194E0
root 1414 0.0 0.1 145452 1608 pts/0 S 19:11 0:00 su - postgres
postgres 1415 0.0 0.1 108320 1884 pts/0 S 19:11 0:00 -bash
postgres 1445 0.0 0.1 110252 1172 pts/0 R+ 19:19 0:00 ps aux
postgres 1446 0.0 0.0 103260 876 pts/0 S+ 19:19 0:00 grep postgres

可以看到有一个 wal sender 进程。

从服务器（212）上：

[postgres@pg-slave ~]$ ps aux | grep postgres
postgres 1155 0.0 1.4 265236 14660 ? S 17:31 0:00 /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /data/pg/data
postgres 1156 0.0 0.1 265336 1696 ? Ss 17:31 0:00 postgres: startup process recovering 000000010000000000000003
postgres 1157 0.0 0.2 265336 2520 ? Ss 17:31 0:00 postgres: checkpointer process
postgres 1158 0.0 0.2 265236 2048 ? Ss 17:31 0:00 postgres: writer process
postgres 1159 0.0 0.0 117860 900 ? Ss 17:31 0:00 postgres: stats collector process
postgres 1160 0.0 0.1 269764 1944 ? Ss 17:31 0:03 postgres: wal receiver process streaming 0/30194E0
root 1184 0.0 0.1 145452 1604 pts/0 S 17:49 0:00 su - postgres
postgres 1185 0.0 0.1 108320 1876 pts/0 S 17:49 0:00 -bash
postgres 1247 0.0 0.1 110252 1168 pts/0 R+ 19:19 0:00 ps aux
postgres 1248 0.0 0.0 103260 876 pts/0 S+ 19:19 0:00 grep postgres