Django-ModelForm

作者：武沛齐
出处：Django之ModelForm组件

本文版权归作者和博客园共有，欢迎转载，但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明，且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接。

ModelForm a. class Meta: model, # 对应Model的
fields=None,                     # 字段
exclude=None,                    # 排除字段
labels=None,                     # 提示信息
help_texts=None,                 # 帮助提示信息
widgets=None,                    # 自定义插件
error_messages=None,             # 自定义错误信息（整体错误信息from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS）
field_classes=None               # 自定义字段类 （也可以自定义字段）
localized_fields=('birth_date',) # 本地化，如：根据不同时区显示数据
如： 数据库中 2016-12-27 04:10:57 setting中的配置 TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai' USE_TZ = True 则显示： 2016-12-27 12:10:57 b. 验证执行过程 is_valid -> full_clean -> 钩子 -> 整体错误 c. 字典字段验证 def clean_字段名(self): # 可以抛出异常
# from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
return "新值" d. 用于验证 model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm() model_form_obj.is_valid() model_form_obj.errors.as_json() model_form_obj.clean() model_form_obj.cleaned_data e. 用于创建 model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(request.POST) #### 页面显示，并提交 #####
# 默认保存多对多
obj = form.save(commit=True) # 不做任何操作，内部定义 save_m2m（用于保存多对多）
obj = form.save(commit=False) obj.save() # 保存单表信息
obj.save_m2m()  # 保存关联多对多信息
f. 用于更新和初始化 obj = model.tb.objects.get(id=1) model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(request.POST,instance=obj) ... PS: 单纯初始化 model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(initial={...})

一个实例：

1. models.py

1 from django.db import models  2
3 # Create your models here.
4
5
6 class UserInfo(models.Model):  7     name = models.CharField(max_length=32)  8     email = models.EmailField()  9     nickName = models.CharField(max_length=32) 10     group = models.ForeignKey('UserGroup', null=True, blank=True) 11     role = models.ManyToManyField('Role', null=True, blank=True) 12
13     def __str__(self): 14         return self.name 15
16
17 class UserGroup(models.Model): 18     name = models.CharField(max_length=32) 19     info = models.TextField() 20
21     def __str__(self): 22         return self.name 23
24
25 class Role(models.Model): 26     name = models.CharField(max_length=32) 27     info = models.TextField() 28
29     def __str__(self): 30         return self.name

View Code

2. views.py

1 from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse  2 from django.forms import ModelForm  3 from django.forms import fields as dfields  4 from django.forms import widgets as dwidgets  5 from app01 import models  6
7
8 class TestModelForm(ModelForm):  9     class Meta: 10         model = models.UserInfo 11         fields = '__all__'
12         error_messages = { 13             'name': { 14                 'required': '用户名不能为空', 15  }, 16             'email': { 17                 'required': '邮箱不能为空', 18                 'invalid': '邮箱格式不正确', 19  }, 20             'nickName': { 21                 'required': '昵称不能为空', 22  } 23  } 24         labels = { 25             'name': '用户名', 26             'email': '邮箱', 27             'nickName': '昵称', 28             'group': '部门', 29             'role': '角色', 30  } 31         widgets = { 32             'name': dwidgets.Input(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}), 33             'email': dwidgets.Input(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}), 34             'nickName': dwidgets.Input(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}), 35             'group': dwidgets.Select(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}), 36             'role': dwidgets.SelectMultiple(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}), 37  } 38
39 # Create your views here.
40
41
42 def test(request): 43     content = {'form': None} 44     if request.method == 'GET': 45         form = TestModelForm() 46         content['form'] = form 47         return render(request, 'test.html', content) 48     else: 49         form = TestModelForm(request.POST) 50         content['form'] = form 51         if form.is_valid(): 52             print(form.cleaned_data) 53  form.save() 54             return HttpResponse('add success!') 55         else: 56             return render(request, 'test.html', content) 57
58
59 def edit(request, nid): 60     obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first() 61     content = {'form': None} 62     if request.method == 'GET': 63         form = TestModelForm(instance=obj) 64         content['form'] = form 65         return render(request, 'edit.html', content) 66     else: 67         form = TestModelForm(instance=obj, data=request.POST, files=request.FILES) 68         if form.is_valid(): 69  form.save() 70             return HttpResponse('edit success!') 71         content['form'] = form 72         return render(request, 'test.html', content)

View Code

3. templates

1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en">
3 <head>
4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
5     <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
6     <title>Title</title>
7 </head>
8 <body>
9 <form method="post" novalidate>
10     {% csrf_token %} 11     <div class="form-group" style="width: 300px; margin: 50px auto;">
12  {{ form.as_p }} 13         <input type="submit" value="提交">
14     </div>
15 </form>
16
17 <script src="/static/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script>
18 </body>
19 </html>

test.html

1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en">
3 <head>
4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
5     <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
6     <title>Title</title>
7 </head>
8 <body>
9 <form method="post" novalidate>
10     {% csrf_token %} 11     <div class="form-group" style="width: 300px; margin: 50px auto;">
12  {{ form.as_p }} 13         <input type="submit" value="提交">
14     </div>
15 </form>
16
17 <script src="/static/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script>
18 </body>
19 </html>

edit.html