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python接口测试之Http请求（三）

2017-08-10 16:24 471 查看

python的强大之处在于提供了很多的标准库，这些标准库可以直接调用，本节部分，重点学习和总结在

接口测试中Python的Http请求的库的学习。

首先来看httplib，官方的解释为：本模块定义了类实现客户端的 HTTP 和 HTTPS 协议。它通常不能直接

使用 —
— 模块 urllib 用于处理使用 HTTP 和 HTTPS 的 Url。使用httplib来做一个简单的对百度的请求,看

这样的一个实现过程，见实现的代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8

import  httplib

def getBaidu():
'''对百度发送一个GET请求'''
http_client=httplib.HTTPConnection('baidu.com',80,timeout=20)
http_client.request('GET','')
r=http_client.getresponse()
print  r.status
print r.read()

getBaidu()

这里我们详细的来看r提供了那些方法，见输出的结果：

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8

import  httplib

def getBaidu():
'''对百度发送一个GET请求'''
http_client=httplib.HTTPConnection('baidu.com',80,timeout=20)
http_client.request('GET','')
r=http_client.getresponse()
print dir(r)

getBaidu()

C:\Python27\python.exe D:/git/Python/bookDay/api/http/httplipTest.py
['__doc__', '__init__', '__module__', '_check_close', '_method', '_read_chunked', '_read_status', '_safe_read', 'begin', 'chunk_left', 'chunked', 'close', 'debuglevel', 'fileno', 'fp', 'getheader', 'getheaders', 'isclosed', 'length', 'msg', 'read', 'reason', 'status', 'strict', 'version', 'will_close']

Process finished with exit code 0

使用dir(r)方法可以看到调用的方法，如我们想看到请求百度这样的一个GET请求，到底返回的status code是多少，

是否OK，响应内容是什么，headers是什么，见实现的代码和输出的内容：

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8

import  httplib

def getBaidu():
'''对百度发送一个GET请求'''
http_client=httplib.HTTPConnection('www.baidu.com',80,timeout=20)
http_client.request('GET','/')
r=http_client.getresponse()
print u'状态的状态码:\n',r.status
print u'是否请求Ok：\n',r.reason
print u'header是多少:\n',r.getheaders()
print u'Response消息结构:\n',r.msg
print u'响应内容:\n',r.read()

getBaidu()

见输出的结果内容：

C:\Python27\python.exe D:/git/Python/bookDay/api/http/httplipTest.py
状态的状态码:
200
是否请求Ok：
OK
header是多少:
[('content-length', '14613'), ('set-cookie', 'BAIDUID=5BE300935709382ADC6AFA01D08E1959:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com, BIDUPSID=5BE300935709382ADC6AFA01D08E1959; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com, PSTM=1481724972; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com'), ('accept-ranges', 'bytes'), ('vary', 'Accept-Encoding'), ('server', 'BWS/1.1'), ('last-modified', 'Mon, 12 Dec 2016 06:09:00 GMT'), ('connection', 'Keep-Alive'), ('x-ua-compatible', 'IE=Edge,chrome=1'), ('pragma', 'no-cache'), ('cache-control', 'no-cache'), ('date', 'Wed, 14 Dec 2016 14:16:12 GMT'), ('p3p', 'CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "'), ('content-type', 'text/html')]
Response消息结构:
Date: Wed, 14 Dec 2016 14:16:12 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 14613
Last-Modified: Mon, 12 Dec 2016 06:09:00 GMT
Connection: Keep-Alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Set-Cookie: BAIDUID=5BE300935709382ADC6AFA01D08E1959:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
Set-Cookie: BIDUPSID=5BE300935709382ADC6AFA01D08E1959; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
Set-Cookie: PSTM=1481724972; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
P3P: CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "
Server: BWS/1.1
X-UA-Compatible: IE=Edge,chrome=1
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-control: no-cache
Accept-Ranges: bytes

响应内容:
<!DOCTYPE html><!--STATUS OK-->
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge">
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//s1.bdstatic.com"/>
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//t1.baidu.com"/>
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//t2.baidu.com"/>
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//t3.baidu.com"/>
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//t10.baidu.com"/>
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//t11.baidu.com"/>
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//t12.baidu.com"/>
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//b1.bdstatic.com"/>
<title>百度一下，你就知道</title>
<link href="http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/static/home/css/index.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<!--[if lte IE 8]><style index="index" >#content{height:480px\9}#m{top:260px\9}</style><![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 8]><style index="index" >#u1 a.mnav,#u1 a.mnav:visited{font-family:simsun}</style><![endif]-->
<script>var hashMatch = document.location.href.match(/#+(.*wd=[^&].+)/);if (hashMatch && hashMatch[0] && hashMatch[1]) {document.location.replace("http://"+location.host+"/s?"+hashMatch[1]);}var ns_c = function(){};</script>
<script>function h(obj){obj.style.behavior='url(#default#homepage)';var a = obj.setHomePage('//www.baidu.com/');}</script>
<noscript><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0; url=/baidu.html?from=noscript"/></noscript>
<script>window._ASYNC_START=new Date().getTime();</script>
</head>
<body link="#0000cc"><div id="wrapper" style="display:none;"><div id="u"><a href="//www.baidu.com/gaoji/preferences.html"  onmousedown="return user_c({'fm':'set','tab':'setting','login':'0'})">搜索设置</a>|<a id="btop" href="/"  onmousedown="return user_c({'fm':'set','tab':'index','login':'0'})">百度首页</a>|<a id="lb" href="https://passport.baidu.com/v2/?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2F" onclick="return false;"  onmousedown="return user_c({'fm':'set','tab':'login'})">登录</a><a href="https://passport.baidu.com/v2/?reg®Type=1&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2F"  onmousedown="return user_c({'fm':'set','tab':'reg'})" target="_blank" class="reg">注册</a></div><div id="head"><div class="s_nav"><a href="/" class="s_logo" onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'logo'})"><img src="//www.baidu.com/img/baidu_jgylogo3.gif" width="117" height="38" border="0" alt="到百度首页" title="到百度首页"></a><div class="s_tab" id="s_tab"><a href="http://news.baidu.com/ns?cl=2&rn=20&tn=news&word=" wdfield="word"  onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'news'})">新闻</a>　<b>网页</b>　<a href="http://tieba.baidu.com/f?kw=&fr=wwwt" wdfield="kw"  onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'tieba'})">贴吧</a>　<a href="http://zhidao.baidu.com/q?ct=17&pn=0&tn=ikaslist&rn=10&word=&fr=wwwt" wdfield="word"  onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'zhidao'})">知道</a>　<a href="http://music.baidu.com/search?fr=ps&key=" wdfield="key"  onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'music'})">音乐</a>　<a href="http://image.baidu.com/i?tn=baiduimage&ps=1&ct=201326592&lm=-1&cl=2&nc=1&word=" wdfield="word"  onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'pic'})">图片</a>　<a href="http://v.baidu.com/v?ct=301989888&rn=20&pn=0&db=0&s=25&word=" wdfield="word"   onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'video'})">视频</a>　<a href="http://map.baidu.com/m?word=&fr=ps01000" wdfield="word"  onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'map'})">地图</a>　<a href="http://wenku.baidu.com/search?word=&lm=0&od=0" wdfield="word"  onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'wenku'})">文库</a>　<a href="//www.baidu.com/more/"  onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'more'})">更多»</a></div></div><form id="form" name="f" action="/s" class="fm" ><input type="hidden" name="ie" value="utf-8"><input type="hidden" name="f" value="8"><input type="hidden" name="rsv_bp" value="1"><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input name="wd" id="kw" class="s_ipt" value="" maxlength="100"></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type="submit" id="su" value="百度一下" class="bg s_btn" onmousedown="this.className='bg s_btn s_btn_h'" onmouseout="this.className='bg s_btn'"></span><span class="tools"><span id="mHolder"><div id="mCon"><span>输入法</span></div><ul id="mMenu"><li><a href="javascript:;" name="ime_hw">手写</a></li><li><a href="javascript:;" name="ime_py">拼音</a></li><li class="ln"></li><li><a href="javascript:;" name="ime_cl">关闭</a></li></ul></span><span class="shouji"><strong>推荐 : </strong><a href="http://w.x.baidu.com/go/mini/8/10000020" onmousedown="return ns_c({'fm':'behs','tab':'bdbrowser'})">百度浏览器，打开网页快2秒！</a></span></span></form></div><div id="content"><div id="u1"><a href="http://news.baidu.com" name="tj_trnews" class="mnav">新闻</a><a href="http://www.hao123.com" name="tj_trhao123" class="mnav">hao123</a><a href="http://map.baidu.com" name="tj_trmap" class="mnav">地图</a><a href="http://v.baidu.com" name="tj_trvideo" class="mnav">视频</a><a href="http://tieba.baidu.com" name="tj_trtieba" class="mnav">贴吧</a><a href="https://passport.baidu.com/v2/?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2F" name="tj_login" id="lb" onclick="return false;">登录</a><a href="//www.baidu.com/gaoji/preferences.html" name="tj_settingicon" id="pf">设置</a><a href="//www.baidu.com/more/" name="tj_briicon" id="bri">更多产品</a></div><div id="m"><p id="lg"><img src="//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo.png" width="270" height="129"></p><p id="nv"><a href="http://news.baidu.com">新 闻</a>　<b>网 页</b>　<a href="http://tieba.baidu.com">贴 吧</a>　<a href="http://zhidao.baidu.com">知 道</a>　<a href="http://music.baidu.com">音 乐</a>　<a href="http://image.baidu.com">图 片</a>　<a href="http://v.baidu.com">视 频</a>　<a href="http://map.baidu.com">地 图</a></p><div id="fm"><form id="form1" name="f1" action="/s" class="fm"><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input type="text" name="wd" id="kw1" maxlength="100" class="s_ipt"></span><input type="hidden" name="rsv_bp" value="0"><input type=hidden name=ch value=""><input type=hidden name=tn value="baidu"><input type=hidden name=bar value=""><input type="hidden" name="rsv_spt" value="3"><input type="hidden" name="ie" value="utf-8"><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type="submit" value="百度一下" id="su1" class="bg s_btn" onmousedown="this.className='bg s_btn s_btn_h'" onmouseout="this.className='bg s_btn'"></span></form><span class="tools"><span id="mHolder1"><div id="mCon1"><span>输入法</span></div></span></span><ul id="mMenu1"><div class="mMenu1-tip-arrow"><em></em><ins></ins></div><li><a href="javascript:;" name="ime_hw">手写</a></li><li><a href="javascript:;" name="ime_py">拼音</a></li><li class="ln"></li><li><a href="javascript:;" name="ime_cl">关闭</a></li></ul></div><p id="lk"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com">百科</a>　<a href="http://wenku.baidu.com">文库</a>　<a href="http://www.hao123.com">hao123</a><span> | <a href="//www.baidu.com/more/">更多>></a></span></p><p id="lm"></p></div></div><div id="ftCon"><div id="ftConw"><p id="lh"><a id="seth" onClick="h(this)" href="/" onmousedown="return ns_c({'fm':'behs','tab':'homepage','pos':0})">把百度设为主页</a><a id="setf" href="//www.baidu.com/cache/sethelp/index.html" onmousedown="return ns_c({'fm':'behs','tab':'favorites','pos':0})" target="_blank">把百度设为主页</a><a onmousedown="return ns_c({'fm':'behs','tab':'tj_about'})" href="http://home.baidu.com">关于百度</a><a onmousedown="return ns_c({'fm':'behs','tab':'tj_about_en'})" href="http://ir.baidu.com">About Baidu</a></p><p id="cp">©2014 Baidu <a href="/duty/" name="tj_duty">使用百度前必读</a> 京ICP证030173号 <img src="http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/static/global/img/gs_237f015b.gif"></p></div></div><div id="wrapper_wrapper"></div></div><div class="c-tips-container" id="c-tips-container"></div>
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Process finished with exit code 0

下来来看urllib2的库，看官方的解释：urllib2 定义了很多函数和类，这些函数和类能够帮助我们在复杂的情况下获取URLS内容。

复杂情况— 基本的和深入的验证, 重定向, cookies 等等.和如上一样，我们使用urllib2来实现对百度的请求，见GET请求的代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8

import  urllib
import  urllib2

def get_baidu():
r=urllib2.urlopen('http://www.baidu.com')
print u'Response code:\n',r.getcode(),r.msg
print u'headers:\n',r.headers

get_baidu()

见输出结果的内容：

C:\Python27\python.exe D:/git/Python/bookDay/api/http/httplipTest.py
Response code:
200 OK
headers:
Date: Wed, 14 Dec 2016 14:52:28 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Set-Cookie: BAIDUID=55980CB92E6F9F88BF0FF2B73E8607D4:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
Set-Cookie: BIDUPSID=55980CB92E6F9F88BF0FF2B73E8607D4; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
Set-Cookie: PSTM=1481727148; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
Set-Cookie: BDSVRTM=0; path=/
Set-Cookie: BD_HOME=0; path=/
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下面使用urllib2实现一个POST的请求过程，见实现的代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8

import  urllib
import  urllib2

def get_baidu():
r=urllib2.urlopen('http://www.baidu.com')
print u'Response code:\n',r.getcode(),r.msg
print u'headers:\n',r.headers

def post_cun():
params=urllib.urlencode({'cityId':'438'})
r=urllib2.urlopen('http://m.cyw.com/index.php?m=api&c=cookie&a=setcity',params)
print r.getcode(),r.msg
print r.read()

post_cun()

见输出结果的json内容：

C:\Python27\python.exe D:/git/Python/bookDay/api/http/httplipTest.py
200 OK
{"status":true,"homeUrl":"\/xian"}

转载地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/weke/articles/6181483.html

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