Spring MVC 配置报错： Error creating bean with name 'userController': Injection of resource dependencies

今天做了一个简单的项目，用spring+springMVC实现用户的CRUD，看似简单的一个小demo，却在配置上浪费了不少时间，

首先看一下目录结构：



项目要求使用jdbcTemplate配置数据源，下面附上spring的配置文件和springMVC的配置文件，分别如下：

applicationContext.xml如下：



spring-MVC.xml配置如下：



web.xml配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0">
<display-name></display-name>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:resources/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 字符编码配置 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<async-supported>true</async-supported>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

<!-- Spring监听器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>

<!-- 防止Spring内存溢出监听器 --><listener><listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class></listener><!-- Spring MVC servlet --><servlet><servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class><init-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>classpath:resources/spring-mvc.xml</param-value></init-param><load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup><async-supported>true</async-supported></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name><url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern></servlet-mapping><welcome-file-list><welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file></welcome-file-list></web-app>

public interface UserDao {

/**
* 查询所有用户
* @return
*/
public List<User> queryAllUsers();
}

package com.qunar.dao.impl;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowCallbackHandler;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import com.qunar.dao.UserDao;
import com.qunar.model.User;
/**
*
* @author sky
*
*/
@Repository
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {

@Resource
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

/**
* 查询所有用户
*/
@Override
public List<User> queryAllUsers() {
String sql = "
4000
select * from t_user where inUse = false";
final List<User> list = new ArrayList<User>();
this.jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new RowCallbackHandler() {
@Override
public void processRow(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException {
User user = new User();
user.setId(rs.getString("id"));
user.setName(rs.getString("name"));
user.setGender(rs.getString("gender"));
user.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));
user.setRemarks(rs.getString("remarks"));
user.setCreate_time(rs.getString("create_time"));
user.setLast_edit_time(rs.getString("last_edit_time"));
list.add(user);
}
});
return list;
}

}

public interface UserService {
/**
* 查询所有用户
* @return
*/
public List<User> queryAllUsers();
}

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{

@Resource
private UserDao userDao;

@Override
public List<User> queryAllUsers() {
return userDao.queryAllUsers();
}

}

@Controller
public class UserController {

@Resource
private UserService userService;

/**
* 初始化用户列表
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("initUserList")
public ModelAndView initUserList(ModelAndView mv){
List<User> list = this.userService.queryAllUsers();
System.out.println(list);
mv.addObject("list", this.userService.queryAllUsers());
mv.setViewName("index");
return mv;
}

}

public class User {
private String id; 				//编号
private String name;			//姓名
private String gender;			//性别
private Integer age;				//年龄
private String remarks;			//备注
private boolean inUse;			//是否可用
private String create_time;		//创建时间
private String last_edit_time;	//最后编辑时间

setter/getter省略
}

此时都配置结束了，开始运行，控制台报如下错误：

警告: Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'userController': Injection of resource dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.qunar.service.UserService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@javax.annotation.Resource(shareable=true, lookup=, name=, description=, authenticationType=CONTAINER, type=class java.lang.Object, mappedName=)}
at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:308)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1210)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:537)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:476)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:303)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:299)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:755)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:757)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:480)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:663)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:629)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:677)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:548)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:489)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:136)
at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:158)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.initServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1236)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1149)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:1041)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:4910)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5192)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.reload(StandardContext.java:3749)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.reload(HostConfig.java:1365)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.checkResources(HostConfig.java:1348)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.check(HostConfig.java:1532)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:280)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:117)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:90)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.backgroundProcess(ContainerBase.java:1143)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.processChildren(ContainerBase.java:1356)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.processChildren(ContainerBase.java:1360)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.run(ContainerBase.java:1336)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.qunar.service.UserService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@javax.annotation.Resource(shareable=true, lookup=, name=, description=, authenticationType=CONTAINER, type=class java.lang.Object, mappedName=)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1301)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1047)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:942)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.autowireResource(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:457)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.getResource(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:435)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$ResourceElement.getResourceToInject(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:559)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata$InjectedElement.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:169)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:88)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:305)
... 35 more

经过各方挣扎和上网查资料，最后在web.xml的一个地方进行了修改：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0">
<display-name></display-name>
<!-- Spring监听器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
【只要监听到Servlet被创建，就加载Spring的核心配置文件applicationContext.xml】
</listener>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:resources/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 字符编码配置 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<async-supported>true</async-supported>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

<!-- 防止Spring内存溢出监听器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- Spring MVC servlet -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:resources/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
<async-supported>true</async-supported>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

最后，tomcat正常启动！