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Linux常用shell脚本

2017-05-28 13:22 288 查看
在运维中,尤其是linux运维,都知道脚本的重要性,脚本会让我们的 运维事半功倍,所以学会写脚本是我们每个linux运维必须学会的一门功课,如何学好脚本,最关键的是就是大量的练习 和实践。

1.用Shell编程,判断一文件是不是字符设备文件,如果是将其拷贝到 /dev 目录下。


参考程序:


C代码


#!/bin/sh

FILENAME=

echo “Input file name:”

read FILENAME

if [ -c "$FILENAME" ]

then

cp $FILENAME /dev

fi

2.设计一个shell程序,添加一个新组为class1,然后添加属于这个组的30个用户,用户名的形式为stdxx,其中xx从01到30。


参考答案:


C代码


#!/bin/sh

i=1

groupadd class1

while [ $i -le 30 ]

do

if [ $i -le 9 ] ;then

USERNAME=stu0${i}

else

USERNAME=stu${i}

fi

useradd $USERNAME

mkdir /home/$USERNAME

chown -R $USERNAME /home/$USERNAME

chgrp -R class1 /home/$USERNAME

i=$(($i+1))

done


3.编写shell程序,实现自动删除50个账号的功能。账号名为stud1至stud50。


参考程序:


C代码


#!/bin/sh

i=1

while [ $i -le 50 ]

do

userdel -r stud${i}

i=$(($i+1 ))

done


4.某系统管理员需每天做一定的重复工作,请按照下列要求,编制一个解决方案:
(1)在下午4 :50删除/abc目录下的全部子目录和全部文件;
(2)从早8:00~下午6:00每小时读取/xyz目录下x1文件中每行第一个域的全部数据加入到/backup目录下的bak01.txt文件内;
(3)每逢星期一下午5:50将/data目录下的所有目录和文件归档并压缩为文件:backup.tar.gz;
(4)在下午5:55将IDE接口的CD-ROM卸载(假设:CD-ROM的设备名为hdc);
(5)在早晨8:00前开机后启动。

参考答案:
解决方案:
(1)用vi创建编辑一个名为prgx的crontab文件;
(2)prgx文件的内容:

C代码


50 16 * * * rm -r /abc/*

0 8-18/1 * * * cut -f1 /xyz/x1 >;>; /backup/bak01.txt

50 17 * * * tar zcvf backup.tar.gz /data

55 17 * * * umount /dev/hdc

(3)由超级用户登录,用crontab执行 prgx文件中的内容:
root@xxx:#crontab prgx;在每日早晨8:00之前开机后即可自动启动crontab。


5.设计一个shell程序,在每月第一天备份并压缩/etc目录的所有内容,存放在/root/bak目录里,且文件名为如下形式yymmdd_etc,yy为年,mm为月,dd为日。Shell程序fileback存放在/usr/bin目录下。


参考答案:
(1)编写shell程序fileback:

C代码


#!/bin/sh

DIRNAME=`ls /root | grep bak`

if [ -z "$DIRNAME" ] ; then

mkdir /root/bak

cd /root/bak

fi

YY=`date +%y`

MM=`date +%m`

DD=`date +%d`

BACKETC=$YY$MM$DD_etc.tar.gz

tar zcvf $BACKETC /etc

echo “fileback finished!”

(2)编写任务定时器:

C代码


echo “0 0 1 * * /bin/sh /usr/bin/fileback” >; /root/etcbakcron

crontab /root/etcbakcron

或使用crontab -e 命令添加定时任务:

0 1 * * * /bin/sh /usr/bin/fileback


6.有一普通用户想在每周日凌晨零点零分定期备份/user/backup到/tmp目录下,该用户应如何做?


参考答案:

(1)第一种方法:

C代码


用户应使用crontab –e 命令创建crontab文件。格式如下:

0 0 * * sun cp –r /user/backup /tmp

(2)第二种方法:
用户先在自己目录下新建文件file,文件内容如下:

C代码


0 * * sun cp –r /user/backup /tmp

然后执行 crontab file 使生效。


7.设计一个Shell程序,在/userdata目录下建立50个目录,即user1~user50,并设置每个目录的权限,其中其他用户的权限为:读;文件所有者的权限为:读、写、执行;文件所有者所在组的权限为:读、执行。


参考答案: 建立程序 Pro16如下:


C代码


#!/bin/sh

i=1

while [ i -le 50 ]

do

if [ -d /userdata ];then

mkdir -p /userdata/user$i

chmod 754 /userdata/user$i

echo “user$i”

let “i = i + 1″ (或i=$(($i+1))

else

mkdir /userdata

mkdir -p /userdata/user$i

chmod 754 /userdata/user$i

echo “user$i”

let “i = i + 1″ (或i=$(($i+1))

fi

done

8、MySQL备份实例,自动备份mysql,并删除30天前的备份文件

C代码


#!/bin/sh

#auto backup mysql

#wugk 2012-07-14

#PATH DEFINE

BAKDIR=/data/backup/mysql/`date +%Y-%m-%d`

MYSQLDB=www

MYSQLPW=backup

MYSQLUSR=backup

if[ $UID -ne 0 ];then

echo This script must use administrator or root user ,please exit!

sleep 2

exit 0

fi

if[ ! -d $BAKDIR ];then

mkdir -p $BAKDIR

else

echo This is $BAKDIR exists ,please exit ….

sleep 2

exit

fi

###mysqldump backup mysql

/usr/bin/mysqldump -u$MYSQLUSR -p$MYSQLPW -d $MYSQLDB >/data/backup/mysql/`date +%Y-%m-%d`/www_db.sql

cd $BAKDIR ; tar -czf www_mysql_db.tar.gz *.sql

cd $BAKDIR ;find . -name “*.sql” |xargs rm -rf[ $? -eq 0 ]&&echo “This `date +%Y-%m-%d` RESIN BACKUP is SUCCESS”

cd /data/backup/mysql/ ;find . -mtime +30 |xargs rm -rf

9、自动安装Nginx脚本,采用case方式,选择方式,也可以根据实际需求改成自己想要的脚本

C代码


#!/bin/sh

###nginx install shell

###wugk 2012-07-14

###PATH DEFINE

SOFT_PATH=/data/soft/

NGINX_FILE=nginx-1.2.0.tar.gz

DOWN_PATH=http://nginx.org/download/

if[ $UID -ne 0 ];then

echo This script must use administrator or root user ,please exit!

sleep 2

exit 0

fi

if[ ! -d $SOFT_PATH ];then

mkdir -p $SOFT_PATH

fi

download ()

{

cd $SOFT_PATH ;wget $DOWN_PATH/$NGINX_FILE

}

install ()

{

yum install pcre-devel -y

cd $SOFT_PATH ;tar xzf $NGINX_FILE ;cd nginx-1.2.0/ &&./configure –prefix=/usr/local/nginx/ –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_ssl_module

[ $? -eq 0 ]&&make &&make install

}

start ()

{

lsof -i :80[ $? -ne 0 ]&&/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

}

stop ()

{

ps -ef |grep nginx |grep -v grep |awk ‘{print $2}’|xargs kill -9

}

exit ()

{

echo $? ;exit

}

###case menu #####

case $1 in

download )

download

;;

install )

install

;;

start )

start

;;

stop )

stop

;;

* )

echo “USAGE:$0 {download or install or start or stop}”

exit

esac

10、批量解压tar脚本,批量解压zip并且建立当前目录。

C代码


#!/bin/sh

PATH1=/tmp/images

PATH2=/usr/www/images

for i in `ls ${PATH1}/*`

do

tar xvf $i -C $PATH2

done

这个脚本是针对所有tar文件在一个目录,但是实际情况中,有可能在下级或者更深的目录,我们可以使用find查找

C代码


#!/bin/sh

PATH1=/tmp/images

PATH2=/usr/www/images

for i in `find $PATH1 -name ”*.tar” `

do

tar xvf $i -C $PATH2

done

如何是zip文件,例如123189.zip 132342.zip 等等批量文件,默认unzip直接解压不带自身目录,意思是解压123189.zip完当前目录就是图片,不能创建123189目录下并解压,可以用shell脚本实现

C代码


#!/bin/sh

PATH1=/tmp/images

PATH2=/usr/www/images

cd $PATH1

for i in `find . -name ”*.zip”|awk -F. {print $2} `

do

mkdir -p PATH2$i

unzip -o .$i.zip -d PATH2$i

done

ssh 批量上传文件

上传文件大多数用的是ftp,但是用ftp有一点不好,就是本地和远程的目录要对应,这样就要在多个目录下去切换,这样挺麻烦的,如果不注意的话,很有可能传错。所以想了个办法利用scp来批量上传文件或者目录。

一,scp上传不要输入密码

如果要用scp来上传文件,第一步就要去掉scp上传时要输入密码。要不然就没办法批量上传了。具体请参考:ssh 不用输入密码

二,ssh批量上传脚本

1,要上传的文件列表放到一个test文件中

C代码


root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy# cat test

/home/zhangy/test/aaa

/home/zhangy/test/nginx.conf

/home/zhangy/test/test.sql

/home/zhangy/test/pa.txt

/home/zhangy/test/password

上面就要上传的文件。

2,批量上传的脚本

vim file_upload.sh

C代码


#!/bin/sh

DATE=`date +%Y_%m_%d_%H`

if [ $1 ]

then

for file in $(sed '/^$/d' $1) //去掉空行

do

if [ -f $file ] //普通文件

then

res=`scp $file $2:$file` //上传文件

if [ -z $res ] //上传成功

then

echo $file >> ${DATE}_upload.log //上传成功的日志

fi

elif [ -d $file ] //目录

then

res=`scp -r $file $2:$file`

if [ -z $res ]

then

echo $file >> ${DATE}_upload.log

fi

fi

done

else

echo "no file" >> ${DATE}_error.log

fi

上传成功后,返回的是一个空行,上传不成功,什么都不返回

3,上传的格式

C代码


./file_upload.sh test 192.168.1.13

test是上传列表文件,192.168.1.13文件要传到的地方。

0

转载请注明
作者:海底苍鹰
地址:http://blog.51yip.com/linux/1356.html


1. 转换文件大小写:

A script to convert the specified filenames to lower case.

C代码


#!/bin/sh

# lowerit

# convert all file names in the current directory to lower case

# only operates on plain files--does not change the name of directories

# will ask for verification before overwriting an existing file

for x in `ls`

do

if [ ! -f $x ]; then

continue

fi

lc=`echo $x | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]'`

if [ $lc != $x ]; then

mv -i $x $lc

fi

done

or

C代码


if test $# = 0

then

echo "Usage $0: <files>" 1>&2

exit 1

fi

for filename in "$@"

do

new_filename=`echo "$filename" | tr A-Z a-z`

test "$filename" = "$new_filename" && continue

if test -r "$new_filename"

then

echo "$0: $new_filename exists" 1>&2

elif test -e "$filename"

then

mv "$filename" "$new_filename"

else

echo "$0: $filename not found" 1>&2

fi

done

2. 看网站 Watch a Website

A script to repeated download a webpage until it matches a regex then notify an e-mail address.

For example to get e-mail when Kesha tickets (not for yourself of course) go on sale you might run:

C代码


% watch_website.sh http://ticketek.com.au/ 'Ke[sS$]+ha' andrewt@cse.unsw.edu.au

repeat_seconds=300 #check every 5 minutes

if test $# = 3

then

url=$1

regexp=$2

email_address=$3

else

echo "Usage: $0 <url> <regex>" 1>&2

exit 1

fi

while true

do

if wget -O- -q "$url"|egrep "$regexp" >/dev/null

then

echo "Generated by $0" | mail -s "$url now matches $regexp" $email_address

exit 0

fi

sleep $repeat_seconds

done

3. 转GIF到PNG convert GIF files to PNG

This scripts converts GIF files to PNG files via the intermediate PPM format.

C代码


if [ $# -eq 0 ]

then

echo "Usage: $0 files..." 1>&2

exit 1

fi

if ! type giftopnm 2>/dev/null

then

echo "$0: conversion tool giftopnm not found " 1>&2

exit 1

fi

# missing "in ..." defaults to in "$@"

for f

do

case "$f" in

*.gif)

# OK, do nothing

;;

*)

echo "gif2png: skipping $f, not GIF"

continue

;;

esac

dir=`dirname "$f"`

base=`basename "$f" .gif`

result="$dir/$base.png"

giftopnm "$f" | pnmtopng > $result && echo "wrote $result"

done

4. 计数 Counting

A utility script to print the sub-range of integers specified by its arguments.

Useful to use on the command line or from other scripts

C代码


if test $# = 1

then

start=1

finish=$1

elif test $# = 2

then

start=$1

finish=$2

else

echo "Usage: $0 <start> <finish>" 1>&2

exit 1

fi

for argument in "$@"

do

if echo "$argument"|egrep -v '^-?[0-9]+$' >/dev/null

then

echo "$0: argument '$argument' is not an integer" 1>&2

exit 1

fi

done

number=$start

while test $number -le $finish

do

echo $number

number=`expr $number + 1` # or number=$(($number + 1))

done

5. 字频率 Word Frequency

Count the number of time each different word occurs in the files given as arguments.

C代码


sed 's/ /\n/g' "$@"| # convert to one word per line

tr A-Z a-z| # map uppercase to lower case

sed "s/[^a-z']//g"| # remove all characters except a-z and '

egrep -v '^$'| # remove empty lines

sort| # place words in alphabetical order

uniq -c| # use uniq to count how many times each word occurs

sort -n # order words in frequency of occurrance

For example

C代码


% cd /home/cs2041/public_html/lec/shell/examples

% ./word_frequency.sh dracula.txt|tail

2124 it

2440 that

2486 in

2549 he

2911 a

3600 of

4448 to

4740 i

5833 and

7843 the

6. Finding

Search $PATH for the specified programs

C代码


if test $# = 0

then

echo "Usage $0: <program>" 1>&2

exit 1

fi

for program in "$@"

do

program_found=''

for directory in `echo "$PATH" | tr ':' ' '`

do

f="$directory/$program"

if test -x "$f"

then

ls -ld "$f"

program_found=1

fi

done

if test -z $program_found

then

echo "$program not found"

fi

done

Alternative implementation using while, and a cute use of grep and ||

C代码


if test $# = 0

then

echo "Usage $0: <program>" 1>&2

exit 1

fi

for program in "$@"

do

echo "$PATH"|

tr ':' '\n'|

while read directory

do

f="$directory/$program"

if test -x "$f"

then

ls -ld "$f"

fi

done|

egrep '.' || echo "$program not found"

done

And another implementation using while, and a cute use of grep and ||

C代码


if test $# = 0

then

echo "Usage $0: <program>" 1>&2

exit 1

fi

for program in "$@"

do

n_path_components=`echo $PATH|tr -d -c :|wc -c`

index=1

while test $index -le $n_path_components

do

directory=`echo "$PATH"|cut -d: -f$index`

f="$directory/$program"

if test -x "$f"

then

ls -ld "$f"

program_found=1

fi

index=`expr $index + 1`

done

test -n $program_found || echo "$program not found"

done
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