SpringMVC提高篇（三）：SpringMVC详细示例实战教程

一、SpringMVC基础入门，创建一个HelloWorld程序

1.首先，导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。



2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置

<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd"> 
<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
<context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/>

<!-- don't handle the static resource -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler />

<!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />

<!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 前缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<!-- 后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>

4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹，用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。

5.建立包及Controller，如下所示

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/mvc")
public class mvcController {

@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello(){
return "hello";
}
}

6.启动服务器，键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello

二、文件上传

1.需要导入两个jar包



2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入

<!-- upload settings -->
<bean id="multipartResolver"  class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property>
</bean>

3.方法代码

@RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{
MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;
MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");
String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+
"upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));
fos.write(file.getBytes());
fos.flush();
fos.close();

return "hello";
}

4.前台form表单

<form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="file"><br>
<input type="submit" value="submit">
</form>

三、RESTFul风格的SringMVC

1.RestController

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/rest")
public class RestController {
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
System.out.println("get"+id);
return "/hello";
}

@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
System.out.println("post"+id);
return "/hello";
}

@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)
public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
System.out.println("put"+id);
return "/hello";
}

@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
System.out.println("delete"+id);
return "/hello";
}

}

2.form表单发送put和delete请求

在web.xml中配置

<!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete -->
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

在前台可以用以下代码产生请求

<form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">
<input type="submit" value="put">
</form>

<form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
<input type="submit" value="post">
</form>

<form action="rest/user/1" method="get">
<input type="submit" value="get">
</form>

<form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">
<input type="submit" value="delete">
</form>

四、返回json格式的字符串

1.导入以下jar包






2.方法代码

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/json")
public class jsonController {

@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/user")
public  User get(){
User u = new User();
u.setId(1);
u.setName("jayjay");
u.setBirth(new Date());
return u;
}
}

五、异常的处理

1.处理局部异常（Controller内）

@ExceptionHandler
public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
mv.addObject("exception", ex);
System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");
return mv;
}

@RequestMapping("/error")
public String error(){
int i = 5/0;
return "hello";
}

2.处理全局异常（所有Controller）

@ControllerAdvice
public class testControllerAdvice {
@ExceptionHandler
public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
mv.addObject("exception", ex);
System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");
return mv;
}
}

3.另一种处理全局异常的方法

　　在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

<!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
<property name="exceptionMappings">
<props>
<prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>

六、设置一个自定义拦截器

1.创建一个MyInterceptor类，并实现HandlerInterceptor接口

public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,
HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
throws Exception {
System.out.println("afterCompletion");
}

@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {
System.out.println("postHandle");
}

@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
Object arg2) throws Exception {
System.out.println("preHandle");
return true;
}

}

2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置

<!-- interceptor setting -->
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/>
<bean class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>

3.拦截器执行顺序

七、表单的验证（使用Hibernate-validate）及国际化

1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包





2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解

public class User {
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Date getBirth() {
return birth;
}
public void setBirth(Date birth) {
this.birth = birth;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
}
private int id;
@NotEmpty
private String name;

@Past
@DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
private Date birth;
}

ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值

3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单

<form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user">
id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br>
name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br>
birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/>
<input type="submit" value="submit">
</form:form>

ps:path对应name

4.Controller中代码

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/form")
public class formController {
@RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){
if(br.getErrorCount()>0){
return "addUser";
}
return "showUser";
}

@RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String add(Map<String,Object> map){
map.put("user",new User());
return "addUser";
}
}

ps:

　　1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性，所以必须在request域中有一个"user".

　　2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数

　　3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显，表单也会回显

　　5.错误信息自定义

　　在src目录下添加locale.properties

NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty
Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value
DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

<!-- configure the locale resource -->
<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
<property name="basename" value="locale"></property>
</bean>

6.国际化显示

　　在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties

username=账号
password=密码

locale.properties中添加

username=user name
password=password

创建一个locale.jsp

<body>
<fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message>
<fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message>
</body>

在SpringMVC中配置

<!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->
<mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>

让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问

最后，访问locale.jsp，切换浏览器语言，能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了

八、整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC

1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合，并创建各类



2.User实体类

public class User {
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Date getBirth() {
return birth;
}
public void setBirth(Date birth) {
this.birth = birth;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
}
private int id;
@NotEmpty
private String name;

@Past
@DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
private Date birth;
}

3.UserService类

@Component
public class UserService {
public UserService(){
System.out.println("UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n");
}

public void save(){
System.out.println("save");
}
}

4.UserController

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/integrate")
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;

@RequestMapping("/user")
public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){
System.out.println(u);
userService.save();
return "hello";
}
}

5.Spring配置文件

　　在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd "
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
>
<context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
</context:component-scan>

</beans>

在Web.xml中添加配置

<!-- configure the springIOC -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>

6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合

<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
<context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
<context:include-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
<context:include-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
</context:component-scan>

九、SpringMVC详细运行流程图