JAVA并发CountDownLatch、CyclicBarrier、Semaphore

CountDownLatch

一个同步辅助类，在完成一组正在其他线程中执行的操作之前，它允许一个或多个线程一直等待。

主要方法

public CountDownLatch(int count);

public void countDown();

public void await() throws InterruptedException

构造方法参数指定了计数的次数

countDown方法，当前线程调用此方法，则计数减一

awaint方法，调用此方法会一直阻塞当前线程，直到计时器的值为0

例子

public class CountDownLatchDemo {
final static SimpleDateFormat sdf=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
CountDownLatch latch=new CountDownLatch(2);//两个工人的协作
Worker worker1=new Worker("zhang san", 5000, latch);
Worker worker2=new Worker("li si", 8000, latch);
worker1.start();//
worker2.start();//
latch.await();//等待所有工人完成工作
System.out.println("all work done at "+sdf.format(new Date()));
}

static class Worker extends Thread{
String workerName;
int workTime;
CountDownLatch latch;
public Worker(String workerName ,int workTime ,CountDownLatch latch){
this.workerName=workerName;
this.workTime=workTime;
this.latch=latch;
}
public void run(){
System.out.println("Worker "+workerName+" do work begin at "+sdf.format(new Date()));
doWork();//工作了
System.out.println("Worker "+workerName+" do work complete at "+sdf.format(new Date()));
latch.countDown();//工人完成工作，计数器减一

}

private void doWork(){
try {
Thread.sleep(workTime);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

}

CyclicBarrier

CyclicBarrier初始化时规定一个数目，然后计算调用了CyclicBarrier.await()进入等待的线程数。当线程数达到了这个数目时，所有进入等待状态的线程被唤醒并继续。

CyclicBarrier就象它名字的意思一样，可看成是个障碍， 所有的线程必须到齐后才能一起通过这个障碍。

CyclicBarrier初始时还可带一个Runnable的参数， 此Runnable任务在CyclicBarrier的数目达到后，所有其它线程被唤醒前被执行。

public class TestCyclicBarrier {

private static final int THREAD_NUM = 5;

public static class WorkerThread implements Runnable{

CyclicBarrier barrier;

public WorkerThread(CyclicBarrier b){
this.barrier = b;
}

@Override
public void run() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
try{
System.out.println("Worker's waiting");
//线程在这里等待，直到所有线程都到达barrier。
barrier.await();
System.out.println("ID:"+Thread.currentThread().getId()+" Working");
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

}

/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
CyclicBarrier cb = new CyclicBarrier(THREAD_NUM, new Runnable() {
//当所有线程到达barrier时执行
@Override
public void run() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("Inside Barrier");

}
});

for(int i=0;i<THREAD_NUM;i++){
new Thread(new WorkerThread(cb)).start();
}
}

}
/*
以下是输出：
Worker's waiting
Worker's waiting
Worker's waiting
Worker's waiting
Worker's waiting
Inside Barrier
ID:12 Working
ID:8 Working
ID:11 Working
ID:9 Working
ID:10 Working
*/

Semaphore

Semaphore 直译是信号量，可能称它是许可量更容易理解。当然，因为在计算机科学中这个名字由来已久，所以不能乱改。它的功能比较好理解，就是通过构造函数设定一个数量的许可，然后通过 acquire 方法获得许可，release 方法释放许可。它还有 tryAcquire 和 acquireUnint
b64a
erruptibly 方法，可以根据自己的需要选择

class Pool {
private static final int MAX_AVAILABLE = 100;
private final Semaphore available = new Semaphore(MAX_AVAILABLE, true);

public Object getItem() throws InterruptedException {
available.acquire();
return getNextAvailableItem();
}

public void putItem(Object x) {
if (markAsUnused(x))
available.release();
}

// Not a particularly efficient data structure; just for demo

protected Object[] items = ... whatever kinds of items being managed
protected boolean[] used = new boolean[MAX_AVAILABLE];

protected synchronized Object getNextAvailableItem() {
for (int i = 0; i < MAX_AVAILABLE; ++i) {
if (!used[i]) {
used[i] = true;
return items[i];
}
}
return null; // not reached
}

protected synchronized boolean markAsUnused(Object item) {
for (int i = 0; i < MAX_AVAILABLE; ++i) {
if (item == items[i]) {
if (used[i]) {
used[i] = false;
return true;
} else
return false;
}
}
return false;
}
}

总结下

CountDownLatch 是能使一组线程等另一组线程都跑完了再继续跑；CyclicBarrier 能够使一组线程在一个时间点上达到同步，可以是一起开始执行全部任务或者一部分任务。同时，它是可以循环使用的；Semaphore 是只允许一定数量的线程同时执行一段任务。