Gitlab的介绍及使用

Gitlab
一、GitLab简介
GitHub是2008年由Ruby on Rails编写而成，与业界闻名的Github类似;但要将代码上传到 GitHub上面，而且将项目设为私有还要收费。而 GitLab 则是开源免费的（社区版免费，企业版需要订阅）,能够浏览源代码，管理缺陷和注释，非常适合在团队内部使用。
1.1 Gitlab提供的功能
代码托管服务
访问权限控制
问题跟踪，bug的记录、跟踪和讨论
Wiki，项目中一些相关的说明和文档
代码审查，可以查看、评论代码
1.2 Gitlab(Github)和Git区别
Github和Git是两回事。
Git是版本控制系统，Github是在线的基于Git的代码托管服务。
GitLab 是一个用于仓库管理系统的开源项目。使用Git作为代码管理工具，可通过Web界面进行访问公开的或者私人项目.
1.3 Github PK Sourceforge
为什么现在Github这么火，以至于世界顶级公司和项目的源码很多都托管在Github上
Why？
颜值高
简洁大方2011年，Github已经取代Sourceforge，成为最活跃的代码交流社区。这意味着在Open Source Community（开源社区），Git取代了SVN已经成为事实。1.3.1 Github界面1.3.2 Sourceforge界面二、Gitlab安装
2.1 环境配置
硬件：
Centos-6.x系列_x86_64
Mem建议至少2G
软件：
gitlab-ce.x86_64 0:8.8.0-ce
server client
192.168.201.131 192.168.201.130(作为测试端)
本次采用yum安装方式
2.2 安装
1、关闭SELinux

下面的命令实现永久关闭SELinux

[root@git ~]# sed -i 's/^SELINUX=./#&/;s/^SELINUXTYPE=./#&/;/SELINUX=.*/a SELINUX=disabled' /etc/sysconfig/selinux

下面的命令实现临时关闭SELinux

[root@git ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled

永久修改下主机名，需要重启系统之后生效

[root@git ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=git.server.com #修改成你自己的主机名

临时修改

[root@git ~]#hostname git.server.com

添加域名

[root@git ~]#cat /etc/hosts
192.168.201.131 git.server.com
2、关闭firewall

临时关闭

[root@git yum.repos.d]# iptables -F
[root@git yum.repos.d]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: nat filter [ OK ]
iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ]
iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ]

永久关闭，需要下次重启系统之后生效

[root@git yum.repos.d]# chkconfig iptables off
3、同步时间
[root@git yum.repos.d]# ntpdate time.nist.gov
10 Apr 11:00:04 ntpdate[40122]: step time server 216.229.0.179 offset 53747.856066 sec
4、配置yum源
[root@git yum.repos.d]# cat gitlab.repo
[gitlab-ce]
name=gitlab-ce
baseurl=http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/yum/el6
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://packages.gitlab.com/gpg.key
注解：
如果想要在centos7系列上安装，只需把el6修改成el7
5、安装Gitlab
[root@git yum.repos.d]# yum install curl openssh-server openssh-clients postfix cronie -y
[root@git yum.repos.d]# yum install gitlab-ce-8.8.0 -y
6、修改下配置文件
[root@git ~]# vi /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
external_url 'http://git.server.com'
external_url 修改成自己的ip或者域名

修改配置文件之后，需要重新是配置文件生效下，初始化下

[root@git ~]#gitlab-ctl reconfigure #这里会花费一定的时间
Recipe: gitlab::gitlab-rails
* execute[clear the gitlab-rails cache] action run
- execute /opt/gitlab/bin/gitlab-rake cache:clear
* execute[clear the gitlab-rails cache] action run
- execute /opt/gitlab/bin/gitlab-rake cache:clear
Recipe: gitlab::unicorn
* service[unicorn] action restart
- restart service service[unicorn]
Recipe: gitlab::redis
* ruby_block[reload redis svlogd configuration] action create
- execute the ruby block reload redis svlogd configuration
Recipe: gitlab::postgresql
* ruby_block[reload postgresql svlogd configuration] action create
- execute the ruby block reload postgresql svlogd configuration
Recipe: gitlab::unicorn
* ruby_block[reload unicorn svlogd configuration] action create
- execute the ruby block reload unicorn svlogd configuration
Recipe: gitlab::sidekiq
* ruby_block[reload sidekiq svlogd configuration] action create
- execute the ruby block reload sidekiq svlogd configuration
Recipe: gitlab::gitlab-workhorse
* service[gitlab-workhorse] action restart
- restart service service[gitlab-workhorse]
* ruby_block[reload gitlab-workhorse svlogd configuration] action create
- execute the ruby block reload gitlab-workhorse svlogd configuration
Recipe: gitlab::nginx
* ruby_block[reload nginx svlogd configuration] action create
- execute the ruby block reload nginx svlogd configuration
Recipe: gitlab::logrotate
* ruby_block[reload logrotate svlogd configuration] action create
- execute the ruby block reload logrotate svlogd configurationRunning handlers:
Running handlers complete
Chef Client finished, 222/303 resources updated in 08 minutes 35 seconds

如果在此期间没有出现error，证明成功

7、启动Gitlab服务
[root@git ~]# gitlab-ctl start
ok: run: gitlab-workhorse: (pid 1407) 263s
ok: run: logrotate: (pid 1403) 263s
ok: run: nginx: (pid 1404) 263s
ok: run: postgresql: (pid 1405) 263s
ok: run: redis: (pid 1402) 263s
ok: run: sidekiq: (pid 1400) 263s
ok: run: unicorn: (pid 1401) 263s
gitlab-workhorse这个“工作马”，就是gitlab-Git-http-server（GitlabV8.0出现，V8.2名称变更为Gitlab-workhorse）
sidekiq 多线程启动
unicorn是ruby的http server，可以通过http://localhost:8080端口访问
重启服务的一些命令
gitlab-ctl start|stop|status|restart
8、登录
http://192.168.201.131/users/sign_in
由于第一次登陆，需要设置密码登录登录之后的界面9、卸载
重新安装清理
1，卸载
[root@git Gitlab-cn]# gitlab-ctl uninstall
2，删除文件
[root@git Gitlab-cn]#rm -rf /etc/gitlab/* /var/log/gitlab/ /var/opt/gitlab/ /opt/gitlab/
2.3 汉化
查看版本
[root@git .ssh]# cat /opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-rails/VERSION
8.8.0
下载汉化包并汉化
[root@git hanhua]# git clone https://gitlab.com/larryli/gitlab.git Gitlab-cn && cd Gitlab-cn

生成补丁，

[root@git Gitlab-cn]#git diff origin/8-8-stable origin/8-8-zh > /tmp/8.8.diff

备份/opt/gitlab/embedded/service目录下的gitlab-rails目录，该目录下的内容主要是web应用部分

[root@git Gitlab-cn]#cp -rf /opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-rails /tmp/gitlab-rails

关闭gitlab这个服务

打补丁

[root@git Gitlab-cn]#patch -d /opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-rails -p1 < /tmp/8.8.diff
。。。。
patching file public/ci/build-canceled.svg
patching file public/ci/build-failed.svg
patching file public/ci/build-pending.svg
patching file public/ci/build-running.svg
patching file public/ci/build-skipped.svg
patching file public/ci/build-success.svg
patching file public/ci/build-unknown.svg
patching file public/deploy.html
至此打补丁完成测试是否汉化成功
[root@git ~]# gitlab-ctl start
ok: run: gitlab-workhorse: (pid 1407) 263s
ok: run: logrotate: (pid 1403) 263s
ok: run: nginx: (pid 1404) 263s
ok: run: postgresql: (pid 1405) 263s
ok: run: redis: (pid 1402) 263s
ok: run: sidekiq: (pid 1400) 263s
ok: run: unicorn: (pid 1401) 263s
登录
http://192.168.201.131/users/sign_in2.4 实战测试
http客户端测试

创建测试目录

[root@client ~]# mkdir test2
[root@client ~]# cd test

把服务器的上仓库clone下来

[root@cleint test2]# git clone http://git.server.com/root/test.git
Cloning into 'test'...
warning: You appear to have cloned an empty repository.
Checking connectivity... done.
[root@git test2]# ls
test
#
[root@cleint test2]# git config --global user.name "Administrator"
[root@client test2]# git config --global user.email "admin@example.com"
[root@client test2]# cd test/
[root@client test]# ls
[root@client test]# touch README.md
[root@client test]# vi README.md
[root@client test]# git add README.md
[root@client test]# git commit -m "add README"
[master (root-commit) 874889b] add README
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
create mode 100644 README.md
[root@client test]# git push -u origin master
Username for 'http://git.server.com': root
Password for 'http://root@git.server.com': adminroot
Counting objects: 3, done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 223 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To http://git.server.com/root/test.git
* [new branch] master -> master
Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin.
从web上查看test仓库下是否上传了README.md这个文件上传成功
ssh客户端测试

生成公钥

[root@node6 .ssh]# ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
d9:0d:43:2b:17:cc:3b:01:fa:c9:cb:2c:6e:b7:27:6d root@node6
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
| .+o |
| . .+o |
| . . =o |
| o *o+ |
| S ... |
| o . |
| . +. |
| ...o E |
| ....= |
+-----------------+
[root@node6 .ssh]#
[root@node6 .ssh]# ls
id_rsa id_rsa.pub
[root@node6 .ssh]# cat id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAoOLsYhPPlHPOnGh6SoVDPlVn2o8rfO55J60Gz7E0EDB0ugKgTu4VGOE8vVta7HH5exNAjw2UqHIliYcmVvrj5eFbvXLdLYGypiMfuP4H7dVwGXfxSzeG17aIbZma0fpB2bTQr3tN+nVA7tokVSmO+jC61/H6Qj9G1TEiedq0wtTuSQ8pza5hyeWRO9oi0W7ccZkYg7lSQ3Eo2n2/RJbmQHWdIcoBO8c64h5vq/gB1s7ZjHKUjSFvGTyHu7uYE6yD2PXylavLfq2FHUc4syV8yAvyW2ehgIcc+xDWMFC85SNuPvTOt0YNzG628gWB2lm+D8CPhZBUbz2IUkFN0jEdyQ== root@node6

添加这个（如果是真实的域名，这步不需要做）

[root@node6 .ssh]# vi /etc/hosts
192.168.201.131 git.server.com

测试是否可用

[root@node6 .ssh]# ssh -T git@git.server.com
The authenticity of host 'git.server.com (192.168.201.131)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 45:1f:76:55:cb:72:fe:65:22:75:10:eb:d5:2e:35:d5.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'git.server.com,192.168.201.131' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Welcome to GitLab, Administrator!
证明成功

拉取数据

[root@node6 .ssh]# git clone git@git.server.com:root/test.git
Initialized empty Git repository in /root/.ssh/test/.git/
remote: Counting objects: 3, done.
remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (3/3), 223 bytes, done
FAQ
官方文档
https://www.gitlab.com.cn/
英文版：
https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2
中文版：
https://git-scm.com/book/zh/v2
http://www.cnblogs.com/herry52/p/5680020.html