C++ /python/java /C# 自定义异常处理

http://www.runoob.com/

C++实例

finally 标准C++没有。

您可以通过继承和重载 exception 类来定义新的异常。下面的实例演示了如何使用 std::exception 类来实现自己的异常：

#include <iostream>
#include <exception>
using namespace std;

struct MyException : public exception
{
const char * what () const throw ()
{
return "C++ Exception";
}
};

int main()
{
try
{
throw MyException();
}
catch(MyException& e)
{
std::cout << "MyException caught" << std::endl;
std::cout << e.what() << std::endl;
}
catch(std::exception& e)
{
//其他的错误
}
}

这将产生以下结果：

MyException caught
C++ Exception

Python实例

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

# 定义函数
def mye( level ):
if level < 1:
raise Exception("Invalid level!", level)
# 触发异常后，后面的代码就不会再执行

try:
mye(0)                // 触发异常
except "Invalid level!":
print 1
else:
print 2

finally:

print "xxxx"

执行以上代码，输出结果为：$ python test.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 11, in <module>
mye(0)
File "test.py", line 7, in mye
raise Exception("Invalid level!", level)
Exception: ('Invalid level!', 0)

Java实例

在下面的 CheckingAccount 类中包含一个 withdraw() 方法抛出一个 InsufficientFundsException 异常。

// 文件名InsufficientFundsException.java
import java.io.*;
 
public class InsufficientFundsException extends Exception
{
  private double amount;
  public InsufficientFundsException(double amount)
  {
    this.amount = amount;
  }
  public double getAmount()
  {
    return amount;
  }
}<
bc8e
div class="hl-main">// 文件名称 CheckingAccount.java
import java.io.*;
 
public class CheckingAccount
{
   private double balance;
   private int number;
   public CheckingAccount(int number)
   {
      this.number = number;
   }
   public void deposit(double amount)
   {
      balance += amount;
   }
   public void withdraw(double amount) throws
                              InsufficientFundsException
   {
      if(amount <= balance)
      {
         balance -= amount;
      }
      else
      {
         double needs = amount - balance;
         throw new InsufficientFundsException(needs);
      }
   }
   public double getBalance()
   {
      return balance;
   }
   public int getNumber()
   {
      return number;
   }
}
下面的 BankDemo 程序示范了如何调用 CheckingAccount 类的 deposit() 和 withdraw() 方法。//文件名称 BankDemo.java
public class BankDemo
{
   public static void main(String [] args)
   {
      CheckingAccount c = new CheckingAccount(101);
      System.out.println("Depositing $500...");
      c.deposit(500.00);
      try
      {
         System.out.println("\nWithdrawing $100...");
         c.withdraw(100.00);
         System.out.println("\nWithdrawing $600...");
         c.withdraw(600.00);
      }catch(InsufficientFundsException e)
      {
         System.out.println("Sorry, but you are short $"
                                  + e.getAmount());
         e.printStackTrace();
      }finally{ // 程序代码}
    }
}
编译上面三个文件，并运行程序 BankDemo，得到结果如下所示： Depositing $500...

Withdrawing $100...

Withdrawing $600...
Sorry, but you are short $200.0
InsufficientFundsException
at CheckingAccount.withdraw(CheckingAccount.java:25)
at BankDemo.main(BankDemo.java:13)

C# 实例using System;
namespace UserDefinedException
{
   class TestTemperature
   {
      static void Main(string[] args)
      {
         Temperature temp = new Temperature();
         try
         {
            temp.showTemp();
         }
         catch(TempIsZeroException e)
         {
            Console.WriteLine("TempIsZeroException: {0}", e.Message);
         } finally{ // 要执行的语句}
         Console.ReadKey();
      }
   }
}
public class TempIsZeroException: ApplicationException
{
   public TempIsZeroException(string message): base(message)
   {
   }
}
public class Temperature
{
   int temperature = 0;
   public void showTemp()
   {
      if(temperature == 0)
      {
         throw (new TempIsZeroException("Zero Temperature found"));
      }
      else
      {
         Console.WriteLine("Temperature: {0}", temperature);
      }
   }
}

当上面的代码被编译和执行时，它会产生下列结果：TempIsZeroException: Zero Temperature found