Java经典实例

System.getenv("PATH");
System.getenv("JAVA_HOME");

2. 获取系统属性

System.getProperty("pencil color");  // 得到属性值
java -Dpencil color=green
System.getProperty("java.specification.version");  // 得到Java版本号
Properties p = System.getProperties();  // 得到所有属性值
p.list(System.out);

3. StringTokenizer

// 能够同时识别, 和 |
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer("Hello, World|of|Java", ", |");
while (st.hasMoreElements()) {
st.nextToken();
}

// 把分隔符视为token
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer("Hello, World|of|Java", ", |",  true);

4. StringBuffer(同步)和StringBuilder(非同步)

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append("Hello");
sb.append("World");
sb.toString();
new StringBuffer(a).reverse();   // 反转字符串

5. 数字

// 数字与对象之间互相转换 - Integer转int
Integer.intValue();
// 浮点数的舍入
Math.round()
// 数字格式化
NumberFormat

// 整数 -> 二进制字符串
toBinaryString() 或valueOf()

// 整数 -> 八进制字符串
toOctalString()

// 整数 -> 十六进制字符串
toHexString()

// 数字格式化为罗马数字
RomanNumberFormat()

// 随机数
Random r = new Random();
r.nextDouble();
r.nextInt();

6. 日期和时间

// 查看当前日期
Date today = new Date();
Calendar.getInstance().getTime();

// 格式化默认区域日期输出
DateFormat df = DateFormat.getInstance();
df.format(today);

// 格式化制定区域日期输出
DateFormat df_cn = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.FULL, Locale.CHINA);
String now = df_cn.format(today);

// 按要求格式打印日期
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");
sdf.format(today);

// 设置具体日期
GregorianCalendar d1 = new GregorianCalendar(2009, 05, 06);  // 6月6日
GregorianCalendar d2 = new GregorianCalendar();  // 今天
Calendar d3 = Calendar.getInstance();  // 今天
d1.getTime();  // Calendar或GregorianCalendar转成Date格式
d3.set(Calendar.YEAR, 1999);
d3.set(Calendar.MONTH, Calendar.APRIL);
d3.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, 12);

// 字符串转日期
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");
Date now = sdf.parse(String);

// 日期加减
Date now = new Date();
long t = now.getTime();
t += 700*24*60*60*1000;
Date then = new Date(t);

Calendar now = Calendar.getInstance();
now.add(Calendar.YEAR, -2);

// 计算日期间隔(转换成long来计算)
today.getTime() - old.getTime();

// 比较日期
Date 类型，就使用equals(), before(), after()来计算
long类型，就使用==, <, >来计算

// 第几日
使用 Calendar的get()方法
Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
c.get(Calendar.YEAR);

// 记录耗时
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
long elapsed = end - start;
System.nanoTime();  //毫秒

// 长整形转换成秒
Double.toString(t/1000D);

7. 结构化数据

// 数组拷贝
System.arrayCopy(oldArray, 0, newArray, 0, oldArray.length);

// ArrayList
add(Object o)  // 在末尾添加给定元素
add(int i, Object o)  // 在指定位置插入给定元素
clear()  // 从集合中删除全部元素
Contains(Object o)  // 如果Vector包含给定元素，返回真值
get(int i)  // 返回 指定位置的对象句柄
indexOf(Object o)  // 如果找到给定对象，则返回其索引值；否则，返回-1
remove(Object o)  // 根据引用删除对象
remove(int i)  // 根据 位置删除对象
toArray()  // 返回包含集合对象的数组

// Iterator
List list = new ArrayList();
Iterator it = list.iterator();
while (it.hasNext())
Object o = it.next();

// 链表
LinkedList list = new LinkedList();
ListIterator it = list.listIterator();
while (it.hasNext())
Object o = it.next();

// HashMap
HashMap<String, String> hm = new HashMap<String, String>();
hm.get(key);  // 通过key得到value
hm.put("No1", "Hexinyu");
hm.put("No2", "Sean");
// 方法1: 获取全部键值
Iterator<String> it = hm.values().iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
String myKey = it.next();
String myValue = hm.get(myKey);
}
// 方法2: 获取全部键值
for (String key : hm.keySet()) {
String myKey = key;
String myValue = hm.get(myKey);
}

// Preferences - 与系统相关的用户设置，类似名-值对
Preferences prefs = Preferences.userNodeForPackage(ArrayDemo.class);
String text = prefs.get("textFontName", "lucida-bright");
String display = prefs.get("displayFontName", "lucida-balckletter");
System.out.println(text);
System.out.println(display);
// 用户设置了新值，存储回去
prefs.put("textFontName", "new-bright");
prefs.put("displayFontName", "new-balckletter");

// Properties - 类似名-值对，key和value之间，可以用"="，":"或空格分隔，用"#" 和"!"注释
InputStream in = MediationServer.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("msconfig.properties");
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.load(in);
in.close();
prop.setProperty(key, value);
prop.getProperty(key);

// 排序
数组：Arrays.sort(strings);
List：Collections.sort(list);
自定义类：class SubComp implements Comparator
然 后使用Arrays.sort(strings, new SubComp())

// 两个接口
1.java.lang.Comparable: 提供对象的自然排序，内置于类中
int compareTo(Object o);
boolean equals(Object o2);
2.java.util.Comparator: 提供特定的比较方法
int compare(Object o1, Object o2)

// 避免重复排序，可以使用TreeMap
TreeMap sorted = new TreeMap(unsortedHashMap);

// 排除重复元素
Hashset hs - new HashSet();

// 搜索对象
binarySearch(): 快 速查询 - Arrays, Collections
contains(): 线型搜 索 - ArrayList, HashSet, Hashtable, linkedList, Properties, Vector
containsKey(): 检 查集合对象是否包含给定 - HashMap, Hashtable, Properties, TreeMap
containsValue(): 主 键(或给定值) - HashMap, Hashtable, Properties, TreeMap
indexOf(): 若 找到给定对象，返回其位置 - ArrayList, linkedList, List, Stack, Vector
search(): 线 型搜素 - Stack

// 集合转数组
toArray();

// 集合总结
Collection: Set - HashSet, TreeSet
Collection: List - ArrayList, Vector, LinkedList
Map: HashMap, HashTable, TreeMap

8. 泛型与foreach

// 泛型
List<String> myList = new ArrayList<String>();

// foreach
for (String s : myList) {
System.out.println(s);
}

9. 面向对象

// toString()格式化
public class ToStringWith {
int x, y;

public ToStringWith(int anX, int aY) {
x = anX;
y = aY;
}

public String toString() {
return "ToStringWith[" + x + "," + y + "]";
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(new ToStringWith(43, 78));
}
}

// 覆盖equals方法
public boolean equals (Object o){
if (o == this)  // 优化
return true;
if (!(o instanceof EqualsDemo))  // 可投射到这个类
return false;
EqualsDemo other = (EqualsDemo) o;  // 类型转换
if (int1 != other.int1)  // 按字段比较
return false;
if (!obj1.equals(other.obj1))
return false;
return true;
}

// 覆盖hashcode方法
private volatile int hashCode = 0;  //延迟初始化
public int hashCode () {
if (hashCode == 0) {
int result = 17;
result = 37 * result + areaCode;
}
return hashCode;
}

// Clone方法
要 克隆对象，必须先做两步:
覆盖对象的clone() 方法;
实现空的Cloneable接口
public class Clone1 implements Cloneable {
public Object clone() {
return super.clone();
}
}

// Finalize方法
Object f = new Object() {
public void finalize() {
System.out.println("Running finalize()");
}
};
Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread() {
public void run() {
System.out.println("Running Shutdown Hook");
}
});
在 调用System.exit(0);
的时候，这两个方法将被执行

// Singleton模式
// 实现1
public class MySingleton () {
public static final MySingleton INSTANCE = new MySingleton();
private MySingleton() {
}
}
// 实现2
public class MySingleton () {
public static MySingleton instance = new MySingleton();
private MySingleton() {
}
public static MySingleton getInstance () {
return instance;
}
}

// 自定义异常
Exception:
编 译时检查
RuntimeException:
运行时检查
public class MyException extends RuntimeException {
public MyException() {
super();
}

public MyException(String msg) {
super(msg);
}
}

10. 输入和输出

// Stream, Reader, Writer
Stream:
处 理字节流
Reader / Writer:处理字符，通用Unicode

// 从标准输入设备读数据
用System.in的BufferedInputStream() 读取字节
int b = System.in.read();
System.out.println("Read data: " + (char) b);  // 强 制转换为字符
BufferedReader 读取文本
如果从Stream转成Reader，使用 InputStreamReader类
BufferedReader is = new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader(System.in));
String inputLine;
while ((inputLine = is.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(inputLine);
int val = Integer.parseInt(inputLine);  // 如果inputLine为整数
}
is.close();

// 向标准输出设备写数据
用System.out的println() 打印数据
用PrintWriter打印
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(System.out);
pw.println("The answer is " + myAnswer + " at this time.");

// Formatter类
格 式化打印内容
Formatter fmtr = new Formatter();
fmtr.format("%1$04d - the year of %2$f", 1951, Math.PI);
或 者System.out.printf();
或者System.out.format();

// 原始扫描

void doFile(Reader is) {
int c;
while ((c = is.read()) != -1) {
System.out.println((char) c);
}
}

// Scanner扫描
Scanner 可以读取File, InputStream, String, Readable
try

{
Scanner scan = new Scanner(new File("a.txt"));
while (scan.hasNext()) {
String s = scan.next();
}
} catch(
FileNotFoundException e)

{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

// 读取文件
BufferedReader is = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("myFile.txt"));
BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("bytes.bat"));
is.close();
bos.close();

// 复制文件
BufferedIutputStream is=new BufferedIutputStream(new FileIutputStream("oldFile.txt"));
BufferedOutputStream os=new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("newFile.txt"));
int b;
while((b=is.read())!=-1){
os.write(b);
}
is.close();
os.close();

// 文件读入字符串
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer();
char[]b=new char[8192];
int n;
// 读一个块，如果有字符，加入缓冲区
while((n=is.read(b))>0){
sb.append(b,0,n);
}
return sb.toString();

// 重定向标准流
String logfile="error.log";
System.setErr(new PrintStream(new FileOutputStream(logfile)));

// 读写不同字符集文本
BufferedReader chinese=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("chinese.txt"),"ISO8859_1"));
PrintWriter standard=new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("standard.txt"),"UTF-8"));

// 读取二进制数据
DataOutputStream os=new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("a.txt"));
os.writeInt(i);
os.writeDouble(d);
os.close();

// 从指定位置读数据
RandomAccessFile raf=new RandomAccessFile(fileName,"r");  // r表示已 只读打开
raf.seek(15);  // 从15开始读
raf.readInt();
raf.radLine();

// 串行化对象
对象串 行化，必须实现Serializable接口
// 保存 数据到磁盘
ObjectOutputStream os=new ObjectOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(FILENAME)));
os.writeObject(serialObject);
os.close();
// 读出数据
ObjectInputStream is=new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(FILENAME));
is.readObject();
is.close();

// 读写Jar或Zip文档
ZipFile zippy=new ZipFile("a.jar");
Enumeration all=zippy.entries();  // 枚举值列出所有文件清单
while(all.hasMoreElements()){
ZipEntry entry=(ZipEntry)all.nextElement();
if(entry.isFile())
println("Directory: "+entry.getName());

// 读写文件
FileOutputStream os=new FileOutputStream(entry.getName());
InputStream is=zippy.getInputStream(entry);
int n=0;
byte[]b=new byte[8092];
while((n=is.read(b))>0){
os.write(b,0,n);
is.close();
os.close();
}
}

// 读写gzip文档
FileInputStream fin=new FileInputStream(FILENAME);
GZIPInputStream gzis=new GZIPInputStream(fin);
InputStreamReader xover=new InputStreamReader(gzis);
BufferedReader is=new BufferedReader(xover);
String line;
while((line=is.readLine())!=null)
System.out.println("Read: "+line);

11. 目录和文件操作

// 获取文件信息
exists():如 果文件存在，返回true
getCanonicalPath():获 取全名
getName():文件名
getParent():父 目录
canRead():如果文件可读，返回true
canWrite():如 果文件可写，返回true
lastModified():文 件更新时间
length():文件大小
isFile():如 果是文件，返回true
ifDirectory():如 果是目录，返回true
要 调用文件的这些方法，必须
File f = new File(fileName);

// 创建文件
File f = new File("c:\\test\\mytest.txt");
f.createNewFile();  // 创建mytest.txt文件到test目录下

// 修改文件名
File f = new File("c:\\test\\mytest.txt");
f.renameTo(new File("c:\\test\\google.txt"));
把 mytest.txt修改成google.txt

// 删除文件
File f = new File("c:\\test\\mytest.txt");
f.delete();

// 临时文件
File f = new File("C:\\test");  // 指定一个文件夹
// 在test文件夹中创建foo前缀，tmp后缀的临时文件
File tmp = File.createTempFile("foo", "tmp", f);
tmp.deleteOnExit();  // 在程序结束时删除该临时文件

// 更改文件属性
setReadOnly():设 置为只读
setlastModified():设置最后更改时间

// 列出当前文件夹的文件列表
String[] dir = new java.io.File(".").list();
java.util.Arrays.sort(dir);
for (int i = 0; i < dir.length; i++) {
System.out.println(dir[i]);
}

// 过滤文件列表
class OnlyJava implements FilenameFilter {
public boolean accept(File dir, String s) {
if (s.endsWith(".java") || s.endsWith(".class") || s.endsWith(".jar"))
return true;
}
}

// 获取根目录
File[] rootDir = File.listRoots();
for (int i = 0; i < rootDir.length; i++) {
System.out.println(rootDir[i]);
}

// 创建新目录
new File("/home/ian/bin").mkdir();  // 如果"/home/ian"存在，则可以创建bin目录
new File("/home/ian/bin").mkdirs();  // 如果"/home/ian"不存在，会创建所有的目录

12. 国际化和本地化

// I18N资源
ResourceBundle rb = ResourceBundle.getBundle("Menus");
String label = rb.getString("exit.label");
// ResourceBundle相当于名值对，获取Menus按钮的区域属性
Menus_cn.properties:不 同区域的属性文件

// 列出有效区域
Locale[] list = Locale.getAvailableLocales()；

// 指定区域
Locale cnLocale = Locale.CHINA;

// 设置默认区域
Locale.setDefault(Locale.CHINA);

// 格式化消息
public class MessageFormatDemo {
static Object[] data = {
new java.util.Date(),
"myfile.txt",
"could nto be opened"
};

public static void main(String[] args) {
String result = MessageFormat.format("At {0,time} on {0,date}, {1} {2}.", data);
System.out.println(result);
}
}
输 出:At 10:10:08 on 2009 - 6 - 18, myfile.txt could nto be opened.

// 从资源文件中读消息
Widgets.properties 在com.sean.cook.chap11下
ResourceBundle rb = ResourceBundle.getBundle("com.sean.cook.chapWidgets");
String propt = rb.getString("filedialogs.cantopen.string");
String result = MessageFormat.format(rb.getString("filedialogs.cantopen.format"), data);

13. 网络客户端

// 访问服务器
Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8080);
// todo something
socket.close();

// 查找网络地址
InetAddress.getByName(hostName).getHostAddress()); // 根据主机名得到IP地址
InetAddress.getByName(ipAddr).getHostName()); // 根据IP地址得到主机名

// 连接具体异常
UnknownHostException
NoRouteToHostException
ConnectException

// Socket读写文本数据
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
String remoteTime = in.readline();
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true);
out.print("send message to client \r\n");
out.flush();

// Socket读写二进制数据
DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream()));
long remoteTime = (long) (in.readUnsignedByte() << 24);
DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream(), true);

// Socket读写串行化数据
ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream()));
Object o = in.readObject();
if (o instanceof Date) // 验证对象类型
ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream(), true);

// UDP数据报
private final static int PACKET_SIZE = 1024;

String host = "EV001B389673DE";
InetAddress serverAddr = InetAddress.getByName(host);
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
byte[] buffer = new byte[PACKET_SIZE]; // 分配数据缓冲空间
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, PACKET_SIZE, serverAddr, 8080);
packet.setLength(PACKET_SIZE - 1); // 设置数据长度
socket.send(packet);
socket.receive(packet); // 接收数据

14. 服务器端: Socket

// 创建ServerSocket
ServerSocket serverSocket;
Socket clientSocket;

serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
while ((clientSocket = serverSocket.accept()) != null) {
System.out.println("Accept from client " + s.getInetAddress());
s.close();
}

// 监听内部网
public static final short PORT = 9999;
public static final String INSIDE_HOST = "acmewidgets-inside"; // 网络接口名
public static final int BACKLOG = 10; // 待发数
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(PORT, BACKLOG, InetAddress.getByName(INSIDE_HOST));

// 返回相应对象
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
;
Socket clientSocket;
BufferedReader in = null;
PrintWriter out = null;
while (true) {
clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream(), "8859_1"));
out = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(clientSocket.getOutputStream(), "8859_1"), true);
String echoLine;
while ((echoLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println("Read " + echoLine);
out.print(echoLine + "\r\n");
}
}
以 上例子返回字符串，如果返回二进制，则使用DataOutputStream；返回对象，使用ObjectOutputStream

// 处理多客户端
需要 把接收数据的处理放入多线程中
public class EchoServerThreaded {
public static final int ECHOPORT = 7;
public static final int NUM_THREADS = 4;

public static void main(String[] av) {
new EchoServerThreaded(ECHOPORT, NUM_THREADS);
}

public EchoServerThreaded2(int port, int numThreads) {
ServerSocket servSock;
Socket clientSocket;
try {
servSock = new ServerSocket(ECHOPORT);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Could not create ServerSocket " + e);
}
for (int i = 0; i < numThreads; i++) {
new Handler(servSock, i).start();
}
}
}
class Handler extends Thread {
ServerSocket servSock;
int threadNumber;

Handler(ServerSocket s, int i) {
super();
servSock = s;
threadNumber = i;
setName("Thread " + threadNumber);
}

public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
System.out.println(getName() + " waiting");
Socket clientSocket;
synchronized (servSock) {
clientSocket = servSock.accept();
}
System.out.println(getName() + " starting, IP=" + clientSocket.getInetAddress());
BufferedReader is = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
clientSocket.getInputStream()));
PrintStream os = new PrintStream(clientSocket.getOutputStream(), true);
String line;
while ((line = is.readLine()) != null) {
os.print(line + "\r\n");
os.flush();
}
System.out.println(getName() + " ENDED ");
clientSocket.close();
} catch (IOException ex) {
System.out.println(getName() + ": IO Error on socket " + ex);
return;
}
}
}
}

// 使用SSL和JSSE保护Web服务器
SSLServerSocketFactory ssf = (SSLServerSocketFactory) SSLServerSocketFactory.getDefault()；
ServerSocket serverSocket = ssf.createServerSocket(8080);

// Log4j
Level 级别:DEBUG<INFO<WARN<ERROR<FATAL<OFF
Appender:
输 出信息
ConsoleAppender:
输出控制台 System.out

// 找到网络接口
Enumeration list = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();
while (list.hasMoreElements()) {
NetworkInterface iface = (NetworkInterface) list.nextElement();
System.out.println(iface.getDisplayName());
Enumeration addrs = iface.getInetAddresses();
while (addrs.hasMoreElements()) {
InetAddress addr = (InetAddress) addrs.nextElement();
System.out.println(addr);
}
}

15. Java Mail

// 发送Mail
protected String msgRecIp = "hxydream@163.com";
protected String msgSubject = "babytree";
protected String msgCc = "nobody@erewhon.com";
protected String msgBody = "test body";
protected Session session;
protected Message msg;

public void doSend () {
// 创建属性文件
Properties props = new Properties();
props.put("mail.smtp.host", "mailhost");
// 创建Session对象
session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, null);
session.setDebug(true);
msg = new MimeMessage(session); // 创建邮件
msg.setFrom(new InternetAddress("nobody@host.domain"));
InternetAddress toAddr = new InternetAddress(msgRecIp);
msg.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, toAddr);
InternetAddress ccAddr = new InternetAddress(msgCc);
msg.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.CC, ccAddr);
msg.setSubject(msgSubject);
msg.setText(msgBody);
Transport.send(msg);
}

// 发送MIME邮件
Multipart mp = new MimeMultipart();
BodyPart textPart = new MimeBodyPart();
textPart.setText(message_body);  // 设置类型"text/plain"
BodyPart pixPart = new MimeBodyPart();
pixPart.setContent(html_data, "text/html");
mp.addBodyPart(textPart);
mp.addBodyPart(pixPart);
mesg.setContent(mp);
Transport.send(mesg);

// 读Mail
Store store = session.getStore(protocol);
store.connect(host, user, password);
Folder rf;
rf = store.getFolder(root);
rf = store.getDefaultFolder();
rf.open(Folder.READ_WRITE);

16. 数据库访问

// JDO
Properties p = new Properties();
p.load(new FileInputStream("jdo.properties"));
PersistenceManagerFactory pmf = JDOHelper.getPersistenceManagerFactory(p);
PersistenceManager pm = pmf.getPersistenceManager();
// 提交数据
pm.currentTransaction().begin();
if (o instanceof Collection) {
pm.makePersistentAll((Collection) o);
} else {
pm.makePersistent(o);
}
pm.currentTransaction().commit();
pm.close();
// 取出数据
Object[] data = new Object[3];
pm.retrieveAll(data);
for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
System.out.println(data[i]);
}
pm.close();

// 数据操作
Class clz = Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
String dbUrl = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.0.23:1521#:nms";
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(dbUrl, "su", "1234");
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("select * from pmtable");
while (rs.next()) {
String name = rs.getString(1);
String otherName = rs.getString("name");
}

// 使用PreparedStatement提高性能，除了查询，都使用executeUpdate执行操作
PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement("select * from pmtable where name = ?");
pstmt.setString(1, "sean");
ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();

// 调用存储过程
CallableStatement cs = conn.prepareCall("{ call ListDefunctUsers }");
ResultSet rs = cs.executeQuery();

// 显示数据库表信息
DatabaseMetaData meta = conn.getMetaData();
meta.getDatabaseProductName();
meta.getDatabaseProductVersion();
meta.getDefaultTransactionIsolation();

17. XML

SAX: 在读取文档提取相应的标记事件(元素起始、元素结束、文档起始)
DOM: 在内存中构造与文档中元素相应的树，可以遍历、搜索、修改
DTD: 验证文档是否正确
JAXP: 用于XML处理的Java API
Castor: 开源项目，用于Java对象与XML映射

// 从对象中生成XML
private final static String FILENAME = "serial.xml";
public static void main (String[]args) throws IOException {
String a = "hard work and best callback";
new SerialDemoXML().write(a);
new SerialDemoXML().dump();
}
public void write (Object obj) throws IOException {
XMLEncoder os = new XMLEncoder(new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(FILENAME)));
os.writeObject(obj);
os.close();
}
public void dump () throws IOException {
XMLDecoder out = new XMLDecoder(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(FILENAME)));
System.out.println(out.readObject());
out.close();
}
serial.xml 格式内容如下:
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
<java version = "1.6.0_02" class="java.beans.XMLDecoder" >
<string > hard work and best callback</string >
</java >
控 制台输出
hard work and best callback

// XSLT转换XML
XSLT 可以用来对输出格式进行各种控制
Transformer tx = TransformerFactory.newInstance().newTransformer(new StreamSource("people.xml"));
tx.transform(new StreamSource("people.xml"), new StreamResult("people.html"));

// 用SAX解析XML - 主要用于查找关键元素，不用全文遍历
public SaxLister() throws SAXException, IOException {
XMLReader parser = XMLReaderFactory.createXMLReader("org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser");
parser.setContentHandler(new PeopleHandler());
parser.parse("C:\\StudySource\\javacooksrc2\\xml\\people.xml");
}
class PeopleHandler extends DefaultHandler {
boolean parent = false;
boolean kids = false;

public void startElement(String nsURI, String localName, String rawName, Attributes attr) throws SAXException {
System.out.println("startElement: " + localName + "," + rawName);
if (rawName.equalsIgnoreCase("name"))
parent = true;
if (rawName.equalsIgnoreCase("children"))
kids = true;
}

public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) {
if (parent) {
System.out.println("Parent: " + new String(ch, start, length));
parent = false;
} else if (kids) {
System.out.println("Children: " + new String(ch, start, length));
kids = false;
}
}

public PeopleHandler() throws SAXException {
super();
}
}

// DOM解析XML - 遍历整个树
String uri = "file:" + new File("C:\\StudySource\\javacooksrc2\\xml\\people.xml").getAbsolutePath();
DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
Document doc = builder.parse(uri);
NodeList nodes = doc.getChildNodes();
for (int i = 0; i < nodes.getLength(); i++) {
Node n = nodes.item(i);
switch (n.getNodeType()) {
case Node.ELEMENT_NODE:
// todo
break;
case Node.TEXT_NODE:
// todo
break;
}
}

// 使用DTD或者XSD验证
定 义好DTD或XSD文件
XmlDocument doc = XmlDocument.createXmlDocument(uri, true);

// 用DOM生成XML
DocumentBuilderFactory fact = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder parser = fact.newDocumentBuilder();
Document doc = parser.newDocument();
Node root = doc.createElement("Poem");
doc.appendChild(root);
Node stanza = doc.createElement("Stanza");
root.appendChild(stanza);
Node line = doc.createElement("Line");
stanza.appendChild(line);
line.appendChild(doc.createTextNode("Once, upon a midnight dreary"));
line = doc.createElement("Line");
stanza.appendChild(line);
line.appendChild(doc.createTextNode("While I pondered, weak and weary"));

18. RMI

a.定义 客户端与服务器之间的通信接口
public interface RemoteDate extends Remote {
public Date getRemoteDate() throws RemoteException;

public final static String LOOKUPNAME = "RemoteDate";
}

b.编 写RMI服务器
public class RemoteDateImpl extends UnicastRemoteObject implements RemoteDate {
public RemoteDateImpl() throws RemoteException {
super();
}

public Date getRemoteDate() throws RemoteException {
return new Date();
}
}
RemoteDateImpl im = new RemoteDateImpl();
System.out.println("DateServer starting...");
Naming.rebind(RemoteDate.LOOKUPNAME, im);
System.out.println("DateServer ready.");

c.运 行rmic生成stub
javac RemoteDateImpl.java
rmic RemoteDateImpl

d.编 写客户端
netConn = (RemoteDate) Naming.lookup(RemoteDate.LOOKUPNAME);
Date today = netConn.getRemoteDate();
System.out.println(today.toString());

e.确 保RMI注册表运行
rmiregistry

f.启 动服务器
java RemoteDateImpl

g.运 行客户端
java DateClient

19. 包和包装机制

jar cvf /tmp/test.jar .  // 当前目录压缩到test.jar中
jar xvf /tmp/test.jar  // 把test.jar解压到当前目录
从指定class运行jar文件
a. Main-Class: HelloWord  // 注意中间有一个空格
b. jar cvmf manifest.mf hello.jar HelloWorld.class
c. java -jar hello.jar

20. Java线程

// 停止线程 - 不要使用stop()方法
private boolean done = false;
public void run () {
while (!done) {
//todo
}
}
public void shutDown () {
done = true;
}
可 以调用shutDown () 方法来结束线程

// 如果读取IO的时候出现堵塞，那么可以使用下面方法
public void shutDown () throws IOException {
if (io != null)
io.close();
}

// 启动一线程，等待控制台输入，使用join()方法来暂停当前线程，直到其他线程调用
Thread t = new Thread() {
public void run() {
System.out.println("Reading");
try {
System.in.read();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println(e);
}
System.out.println("Thread finished.");
}
};
System.out.println("Starting");
t.start();
System.out.println("Joining");
try {
t.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("Who dares imterrupt my sleep?");
}
System.out.println("Main finished.");

// 加锁保证同步
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
try {
lock.lock();
// todo
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}

线 程通信wait (), notify(), notifyAll()
生产者 - 消费者模式
Executors

21. 内省或“命令类的类”

// 反射
Class c = Class.forName("java.lang.String");
Constructor[] cons = c.getConstructors();
for (int i = 0; i < cons.length; i++) {
System.out.println(cons[i].toString());
}
Method[] meths = c.getMethods();
for (int i = 0; i < meths.length; i++) {
System.out.println(meths[i].toString());
}

// 动态装载类
Class c = Class.forName("java.lang.String");
Object obj = c.newInstance();

// 通过反射调用类的方法
class X {
public void master(String s) {
System.out.println("Working on \"" + s + "\"");
}
}
Class clx = X.class;
Class[] argTypes = {String.class};
Method worker = clx.getMethod("master", argTypes);
Object[] theData = {"Chocolate chips"};
worker.invoke(new X(), theData);
输 出:Working on "Chocolate chips"

22. Java与其他语言的结合

// 执行CMD命令，在Eclipse控制台输出
Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("C:/StudySource/ver.cmd");
p.waitFor(); // 等待命令执行完
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()));
String s;
while ((s = br.readLine()) != null)
System.out.println(s);

// 调用Jython - 计算22.0/7
BSFManager manager = new BSFManager();
String[] fntypes = {".py"};
manager.registerScriptingEngine("jython", "org.apache.bsf.engines.jython.JythonEngine", fntypes);
Object r = manager.eval("jython", "testString", 0, 0, "22.0/7");
System.out.println("Result type is " + r.getClass().getName());
System.out.println("Result value is " + r);