NGINX由入门到精通：编译安装nginx

一、环境准备
1、系统和内内核版本

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.8 (Final)
[root@linux-node1 ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64

2、主机名称和IP地址

[root@linux-node1 ~]# hostname
linux-node1.example.com
[root@linux-node1 ~]# hostname -I
192.168.56.11

3、关闭防火墙和SELINUX

[root@linux-node1 ~]# getenforce
Disabled
[root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables status
iptables: Firewall is not running.

4、使用阿里yum源

[root@linux-node1 ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
[root@linux-node1 ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo [root@linux-node1 ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo [root@linux-node1 ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
repo id          repo name                                                              status
base             CentOS-6 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com                                    6,696
epel             Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64                         12,355
extras           CentOS-6 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com                                     64
updates          CentOS-6 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com                                   959
repolist: 20,074

二、nginx安装
1、必要软件准备
（1）安装 pcre，是为了支持rewrite功能，如果你已经装了，请跳过这一步

[root@linux-node1 ~]# yum install -y pcre pcre-devel

（2）安装openssl，是为了ssl的支持，如果不需要 ssl 支持，请跳过这一步

[root@linux-node1 ~]# yum install -y openssl openssl-devel

2、安装nginx
（1）创建软件包存放目录

[root@linux-node1 ~]# mkdir -p /server/tools

（2）下载nginx源码包

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cd /server/tools
[root@linux-node1 tools]# wget -q http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz [root@linux-node1 tools]# ll
total 816
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 833473 Jan 27  2016 nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz

（3）解压nginx源码包

[root@linux-node1 tools]# tar xf nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz
[root@linux-node1 tools]# ll
total 820
drwxr-xr-x 8 1001 1001   4096 Jan 26  2016 nginx-1.8.1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 833473 Jan 27  2016 nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz

（4）创建nginx用户

[root@linux-node1 nginx-1.8.1]# useradd -rs /sbin/nologin nginx
[root@linux-node1 nginx-1.8.1]# id nginx
uid=498(nginx) gid=498(nginx) groups=498(nginx)

（5）编译安装

[root@linux-node1 tools]# cd nginx-1.8.1
[root@linux-node1 tools]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx-1.8.1 \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_spdy_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-pcre

参数解释：
--user=nginx :指定程序运行时的用户
--group=nginx :指定程序运行时的用户组
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx-1.8.1 ：安装路径
– with-http_stub_status_module ：支持 nginx 状态查询，可以用来监控nginx
– with-http_ssl_module ：支持https
– with-http_spdy_module ：支持google的 spdy, 想了解请百度 spdy, 这个必须有 ssl 的支持
– with-pcre ：为了支持 rewrite 重写功能，必须制定 pcre
提示：出现如下的内容，表明nginx configure完成
……………省略内容……………
Configuration summary
+ using system PCRE library
+ using system OpenSSL library
+ md5: using OpenSSL library
+ sha1: using OpenSSL library
+ using system zlib library

nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx-1.8.1"
nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx-1.8.1/sbin/nginx"
nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx-1.8.1/conf"
nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx-1.8.1/conf/nginx.conf"
nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx-1.8.1/logs/nginx.pid"
nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx-1.8.1/logs/error.log"
nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx-1.8.1/logs/access.log"
nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp"
nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"
nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"
nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"
nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"

[root@linux-node1 nginx-1.8.1]# make && make install

……………省略内容……………
make[1]: Leaving directory `/server/tools/nginx-1.8.1'
提示：出现上面的内容，表示nginx安装完成
（6）去除nginx目录版本号

[root@linux-node1 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx-1.8.1/ /usr/local/nginx
[root@linux-node1 ~]# ll -d  /usr/local/nginx*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   23 Mar 13 20:01 /usr/local/nginx -> /usr/local/nginx-1.8.1/
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Mar 13 19:56 /usr/local/nginx-1.8.1

3、启动、关闭和重新加载配置文件
（1）查看nginx命令帮助

[root@linux-node1 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -h
nginx version: nginx/1.8.1
Usage: nginx [-?hvVtq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives]
Options:
-?,-h         : this help
-v            : show version and exit
-V            : show version and configure options then exit
-t            : test configuration and exit
-q            : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing
-s signal     : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload
-p prefix     : set prefix path (default: /usr/local/nginx-1.8.1/)
-c filename   : set configuration file (default: conf/nginx.conf)
-g directives : set global directives out of configuration file

参数翻译：

参数	含义
-?,-h	帮助
-v	查看nginx版本
-V	查看nginx版本以及编译安装参数
-t	检查nginx配置文件语法
-q	在配置测试期间禁止非错误消息
-s signal	指定nginx服务停止、退出、重启和重新加载
-p prefix	指定nginx配置文件nginx.conf目录
-c filename	指定nginx配置文件
-g directives	设置配置文件中全局指令

（2）启动nginx

[root@linux-node1 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
[root@linux-node1 ~]# netstat -nlutp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      4098/nginx
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1428/sshd
tcp        0      0 :::22                       :::*                        LISTEN      1428/sshd
[root@linux-node1 ~]# curl -s http://localhost | grep nginx.com
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

（3）关闭nginx

[root@linux-node1 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
[root@linux-node1 ~]# netstat -nlutp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1428/sshd
tcp        0      0 :::22                       :::*                        LISTEN      1428/sshd
[root@linux-node1 ~]# curl -s http://localhost | grep nginx.com

（4）加载配置文件

[root@linux-node1 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
/usr/local/nginx-1.5.1/sbin/nginx

（5）nginx启动脚本

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cat /etc/init.d/nginx
#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig:   - 85 15
# description:  Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config:      /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# config:      /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# pidfile:     /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0

nginx="/usr/local/nginx//sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)

NGINX_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"

[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx

lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx

make_dirs() {
# make required directories
user=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
if [ -z "`grep $user /etc/passwd`" ]; then
useradd -M -s /bin/nologin $user
fi
options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
for opt in $options; do
if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
# echo "creating" $value
mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
fi
fi
done
}

start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
make_dirs
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}

stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}

restart() {
#configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}

reload() {
#configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}

force_reload() {
restart
}

configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}

rh_status() {
status $prog
}

rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}

case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
[root@linux-node1 ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
[root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/nginx
Usage: /etc/init.d/nginx {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}

到这来nginx就算是安装完成啦O(∩_∩)O哈哈~