ORACLE 11G rman恢复数据库实战纪实

 
今天领导需要将某天的备份恢复过来到临时库，因为线上采用的是rman备份，所以会有rman备份集合，但是rman出来的备份集合，每次恢复过程中都会出现各种各样的细节问题，都记录下来，以备后来参考，大概流程是
（1）copy备份集合到临时库；
（2）关闭临时库
（3）恢复控制文件
（4）注册备份集合目录
（5）restore database、recovery database；
（6）open打开数据库
 

1、去生产环境中copy备份文件

去备份文件服务器上，拷贝，需要拷贝数据集、控制文件到临时库
 
拷贝数据集合：scp -r 2017-02-20 10.10.10.104:/data/
 
拷贝控制文件：scp c-3391761643-20170220-00 c-3391761643-20170220-01c-3391761643-20170221-00 c-3391761643-20170221-0110.10.10.104:/data/2017-02-20/
 
然后到临时库服务器，赋予oracle执行权限：chown -R oracle.oinstall *
 
 

2、关闭临时库，并以nomount方式打开

shutown immediate;
startup nomount;
 
 

3、在临时库上恢复控制文件

 
去生产环境查询控制文件路径

SQL> select name from v$controlfile;   NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /home/oradata/powerdes/control01.ctl /oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/powerdes/control02.ctl   SQL>

 
需要恢复控制文件到如下2个地方
/home/oradata/powerdes/control01.ctl
/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/powerdes/control02.ctl
 
 
去临时库上，恢复控制文件，在rman命令行界面，执行如下命令

RMAN> restore controlfile to '/home/oradata/powerdes/control01.ctl' from '/data/2017-02-20/c-3391761643-20170221-01' ;   RMAN> restore controlfile to '/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/powerdes/control02.ctl' from '/data/2017-02-20/c-3391761643-20170221-01'  ;

 

4、将临时库启动到mount

alter database mount;    
RMAN> alter database mount;
 
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
 
RMAN>
 
 

5、开始注册备份集

命令：catalog start with '/data/2017-02-20/';
 
注册过程如下：

RMAN> catalog start with '/data/2017-02-20/';   searching for all files that match the pattern /data/2017-02-20/   List of Files Unknown to the Database ===================================== File Name: /data/2017-02-20/rman_backup.log File Name: /data/2017-02-20/c-3391761643-20170220-00 File Name: /data/2017-02-20/arch_POWERDES_20170220_8282.bak File Name: /data/2017-02-20/full_POWERDES_20170220_8281.bak File Name: /data/2017-02-20/arch_POWERDES_20170220_8280.bak File Name: /data/2017-02-20/c-3391761643-20170221-01 File Name: /data/2017-02-20/c-3391761643-20170221-00 File Name: /data/2017-02-20/c-3391761643-20170220-01   Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? YES cataloging files... cataloging done   List of Cataloged Files ======================= File Name: /data/2017-02-20/c-3391761643-20170220-00 File Name: /data/2017-02-20/arch_POWERDES_20170220_8282.bak File Name: /data/2017-02-20/full_POWERDES_20170220_8281.bak File Name: /data/2017-02-20/arch_POWERDES_20170220_8280.bak File Name: /data/2017-02-20/c-3391761643-20170221-01 File Name: /data/2017-02-20/c-3391761643-20170221-00 File Name: /data/2017-02-20/c-3391761643-20170220-01   List of Files Which Where Not Cataloged ======================================= File Name: /data/2017-02-20/rman_backup.log   RMAN-07517: Reason: The file header is corrupted   RMAN>

 
 

6、进行restore database恢复操作

接下来开始执行restore恢复操作，将数据从备份集写入到磁盘上的数据文件里面，还原已经备份的数据文件
 
命令：restore database;
 
执行过程：

RMAN> restore database;   Starting restore at 22-FEB-17 using channel ORA_DISK_1   skipping datafile 2; already restored to file /home/oradata/powerdes/sysaux01.dbf skipping datafile 3; already restored to file /home/oradata/powerdes/undotbs01.dbf skipping datafile 4; already restored to file /home/oradata/powerdes/users01.dbf skipping datafile 7; already restored to file /home/oradata/powerdes/pl01.dbf skipping datafile 8; already restored to file /home/oradata/powerdes/help01.dbf skipping datafile 9; already restored to file /home/oradata/powerdes/adobelc01.dbf skipping datafile 10; already restored to file /home/oradata/powerdes/sms01.dbf skipping datafile 11; already restored to file /home/oradata/powerdes/plcrm01.dbf skipping datafile 13; already restored to file /home/oradata/powerdes/datagm01.dbf skipping datafile 15; already restored to file /home/oradata/powerdes/dwetl01.DBF channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /home/oradata/powerdes/system01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /home/oradata/powerdes/powerdesk01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /home/oradata/powerdes/plas01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00012 to /home/oradata/powerdes/powerdesk02.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /data/2017-02-20/full_POWERDES_20170220_8281.bak     channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/data/2017-02-20/full_POWERDES_20170220_8281.bak tag=TAG20170220T030019 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:52:45 Finished restore at 22-FEB-17   RMAN>

 
 
 
这个过程比较漫长，可以查看后台alert日志，观察是否有异常状况出现：

Reading datafile '/home/oradata/powerdes/plas01.dbf' for corruption at rdba: 0x01800001 (file 6, block 1) Reread (file 6, block 1) found same corrupt data Wed Feb 22 15:44:00 2017 db_recovery_file_dest_size of 15360 MB is 0.21% used. This is a user-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by this database for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount of space available in the underlying filesystem or ASM diskgroup. Wed Feb 22 15:54:24 2017 ALTER SYSTEM SET db_recovery_file_dest_size='30G' SCOPE=BOTH; Wed Feb 22 15:55:45 2017 Full restore complete of datafile 6 /home/oradata/powerdes/plas01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:24:53   checkpoint is 13990474255   last deallocation scn is 13972822308 Wed Feb 22 15:56:40 2017 Full restore complete of datafile 1 /home/oradata/powerdes/system01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:25:47   checkpoint is 13990474255   last deallocation scn is 11565967595   Undo Optimization current scn is 13989882678 Wed Feb 22 15:59:06 2017 ALTER SYSTEM SET db_recovery_file_dest_size='50G' SCOPE=BOTH; Wed Feb 22 16:21:34 2017 Full restore complete of datafile 12 /home/oradata/powerdes/powerdesk02.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:50:30   checkpoint is 13990474255   last deallocation scn is 13989700725 Wed Feb 22 16:23:31 2017 Full restore complete of datafile 5 /home/oradata/powerdes/powerdesk01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:52:39   checkpoint is 13990474255   last deallocation scn is 13989700727

 
 

7、开始recover database操作

recover database应用归档日志恢复数据文件 

RMAN> recover database;   Starting recover at 22-FEB-17 using channel ORA_DISK_1   starting media recovery   channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=23257 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=23258 channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /data/2017-02-20/arch_POWERDES_20170220_8282.bak channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/data/2017-02-20/arch_POWERDES_20170220_8282.bak tag=TAG20170220T035456 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03 archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/POWERDES/archivelog/2017_02_22/o1_mf_1_23257_dbtm9y5y_.arc thread=1 sequence=23257 channel default: deleting archived log(s) archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/POWERDES/archivelog/2017_02_22/o1_mf_1_23257_dbtm9y5y_.arc RECID=127500 STAMP=936635712 archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/POWERDES/archivelog/2017_02_22/o1_mf_1_23258_dbtm9ybt_.arc thread=1 sequence=23258 channel default: deleting archived log(s) archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/POWERDES/archivelog/2017_02_22/o1_mf_1_23258_dbtm9ybt_.arc RECID=127499 STAMP=936635710 unable to find archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=23259 RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS =============== RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 02/22/2017 16:35:17 RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 23259 and starting SCN of 13990495654   RMAN>

 
 
看到有报错信息，需要将缺失的归档日志从云上的原始备份库copy到本地自己机房的oracle服务器上，或者直接恢复到SCN点13990495654上，这里因为是恢复到临时库，所以选择直接恢复到SCN的13990495654点上，命令为recover database until scn 13990495654;
 
操作过程如下：

RMAN> recover database until scn 13990495654;   Starting recover at 22-FEB-17 using channel ORA_DISK_1   starting media recovery media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01   Finished recover at 22-FEB-17   RMAN>

 
 
附带recovery过程报错处理：
报错信息：
db_recovery_file_dest_size of 15360 MB is0.21% used. This is a
user-specified limit on the amount of spacethat will be used by this
database for recovery-related files, anddoes not reflect the amount of
space available in the underlyingfilesystem or ASM diskgroup.
 
处理方案：
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size= 50g scope=both;
 

8、打开数据库

# 然后使用resetlogs打开数据库，成功了。 SQL>  alter database open resetlogs;   Database altered.   SQL>

 

9、报错记录

RMAN> alter database mount;

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of alter db command at 03/22/2017 18:58:57
ORA-00211: control file does not match previous control files
ORA-00202: control file: '/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/powerdes/control02.ctl'

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/2017-03-22/c-3391761643-20170322-01';

Starting restore at 22-MAR-17
using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/powerdes/control01.ctl
output file name=/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/powerdes/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 22-MAR-17

RMAN> alter database mount;

database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1

RMAN>