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计算机图形学的主要研究内容是什么?

2017-02-19 16:12 363 查看

计算机图形学(Computer Graphics，简称CG)是一种使用数学算法将二维或三维图形转化为计算机显示器的栅格形式的科学。
简单地说，计算机图形学的主要研究内容就是研究如何在计算机中表示图形、以及利用计算机进行图形的计算、处理和显示的相关原理与算法。图形通常由点、线、面、体等几何元素和灰度、色彩、线型、线宽等非几何属性组成。从处理技术上来看，图形主要分为两类，一类是基于线条信息表示的，如工程图、等高线地图、曲面的线框图等，另一类是明暗图，也就是通常所说的真实感图形。
计算机图形学一个主要的目的就是要利用计算机产生令人赏心悦目的真实感图形。为此，必须建立图形所描述的场景的几何表示，再用某种光照模型，计算在假想的光源、纹理、材质属性下的光照明效果。所以计算机图形学与另一门学科计算机辅助几何设计有着密切的关系。事实上，图形学也把可以表示几何场景的曲线曲面造型技术和实体造型技术作为其主要的研究内容。同时，真实感图形计算的结果是以数字图象的方式提供的，计算机图形学也就和图象处理有着密切的关系。
图形与图象两个概念间的区别越来越模糊，但还是有区别的：图象纯指计算机内以位图形式存在的灰度信息，而图形含有几何属性，或者说更强调场景的几何表示，是由场景的几何模型和景物的物理属性共同组成的。
计算机图形学的研究内容非常广泛，如图形硬件、图形标准、图形交互技术、光栅图形生成算法、曲线曲面造型、实体造型、真实感图形计算与显示算法，以及科学计算可视化、计算机动画、自然景物仿真、虚拟现实等

Computer graphics are pictures and films created using computers. Usually, the term refers to computer-generated image data created with help from specialized graphical hardware and software. It is a vast and recent area in computer science. The phrase was coined in 1960, by computer graphics researchers Verne Hudson and William Fetter of Boeing. It is often abbreviated as CG, though sometimes erroneously referred to as CGI.

Important topics in computer graphics include user interface design, sprite graphics, vector graphics, 3D modeling, shaders, GPU design, implicit surface visualization with ray tracing, and computer vision, among others. The overall methodology depends heavily on the underlying sciences of geometry, optics, and physics.

Computer graphics is responsible for displaying art and image data effectively and meaningfully to the user. It is also used for processing image data received from the physical world. Computer graphic development has had a significant impact on many types of media and has revolutionized animation, movies, advertising, video games, and graphic design generally.