运维之我的docker-运行你第一个镜像实例-docker容器

介绍先展示下官方介绍的docker运行原理第一要点 这里只是一个镜像,它分为四层只读层，而这四个只读层堆叠成一个Ubuntu的镜像。


[b]第二[b]要点 docker的存储驱动负责管理镜像内的各个数据层并提供一个对外的统一视图，当你启动一个新的容器时会出现下面图示，这一层也叫做容器层，所有的操作改变和新增文件都是发生在这里。这些东西默认存储在[/b][/b]


第三要点 Docker 1.10引入了一个新的内容可寻址存储模型。 这是一种处理磁盘上的镜像和图层数据的全新方法。 以前，使用随机生成的UUID来引用和存储图像和层数据。 在新模型中这由安全内容哈希（content hash）替换。新的方式更安全，更能保证你在执行pull，push，save操作时的数据一致性



开始实验
在docker里面镜像在运行文件系统和参数是，它永远不会发生变更。而容器就是镜像运行时的一个实例。当你在docker上运行一个命令时他会运行以下几个操作：1.检查镜像是否存在2.如果没有就下载3.加载镜像运行你要的操作 查看本地容器

[root@salt-node1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                                             TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
centos7-ssh                                            latest              14a2c2ad7cb1        29 hours ago        320.5 MB
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/forker/centos7-ssh   last                14a2c2ad7cb1        29 hours ago        320.5 MB
centos-ssh                                             latest              b21aa4e2d825        29 hours ago        320.5 MB
centos7sshv1                                           latest              c1a9c3f2f823        30 hours ago        320.5 MB
docker.com/nginxs/centos7                              last                00f6c5817350        33 hours ago        191.8 MB

查找服务端的容器docker search [image name]

[root@salt-node1 ~]# docker search  nginx
NAME                      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
nginx                     Official build of Nginx.                        5079      [OK]
jwilder/nginx-proxy       Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker c...   915                  [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm   Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable ...   329                  [OK]
million12/nginx-php       Nginx + PHP-FPM 5.5, 5.6, 7.0 (NG), CentOS...   75                   [OK]
webdevops/php-nginx       Nginx with PHP-FPM                              65                   [OK]
maxexcloo/nginx-php       Framework container with nginx and PHP-FPM...   58                   [OK]
h3nrik/nginx-ldap         NGINX web server with LDAP/AD, SSL and pro...   33                   [OK]
bitnami/nginx             Bitnami nginx Docker Image                      22                   [OK]
evild/alpine-nginx        Minimalistic Docker image with Nginx            11                   [OK]
gists/nginx               Nginx on Alpine                                 8                    [OK]
webdevops/nginx           Nginx container                                 7                    [OK]
maxexcloo/nginx           Framework container with nginx installed.       7                    [OK]
1science/nginx            Nginx Docker images that include Consul Te...   4                    [OK]
blacklabelops/nginx       Dockerized Nginx Reverse Proxy Server.          4                    [OK]
ixbox/nginx               Nginx on Alpine Linux.                          3                    [OK]
dock0/nginx               Arch container running nginx                    2                    [OK]
servivum/nginx            Nginx Docker Image with Useful Tools            2                    [OK]
frekele/nginx             docker run --rm --name nginx -p 80:80 -p 4...   2                    [OK]
xataz/nginx               Light nginx image                               2                    [OK]
drupaldocker/nginx        NGINX for Drupal                                2                    [OK]
tozd/nginx                Dockerized nginx.                               1                    [OK]
unblibraries/nginx        Baseline non-PHP nginx container                0                    [OK]
watsco/nginx              nginx:1.11                                      0                    [OK]
c4tech/nginx              Several nginx images for web applications.      0                    [OK]
funkygibbon/nginx         nginx + openssl automated build, customisa...   0                    [OK]

拉取容器到本地

[root@controller ~]#
docker pull nginx
latest: Pulling from
nginx
2c49f83e0b13: Pull
complete
4a5e6db8c069: Pull
complete
08ecf065655b: Pull
complete
ff0618bc0767: Pull
complete
12a77b8bf89a: Pull
complete
5dde53921c3f: Pull
complete
a53219dc4d2f: Pull
complete
8c7e9b6e3131: Pull
complete
f9bff7d0d06e: Pull
complete
3ac9cfbdf572: Pull
complete
491aec45eaf8: Pull
complete
cd3cf76a61ee: Pull
complete
Digest:
sha256:e2dbdc9824482b79050a67c1e6143365d0eeefcc77bf0e22cc2715d91b8d1ad4
Status: Downloaded
newer image for nginx:latest

运行容器

把容器里面的80端口映射到本机的"0.0.0.0:80"

-p         把容器内端口映射到本地 -p [本地端口]:[容器内端口]
[root@controller
~]# docker run -p 0.0.0.0:80:80
-d nginx
7153768b14e2ab37856d63ccf2fd15c87f1c57f1f2a456b05131fe923930fce7

查看启动容器列表

[root@controller ~]#
docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                   NAMES
7153768b14e2        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of   7 minutes ago       Up 7 minutes        443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp             modest_poincare
b9cb57eb22f9        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of   9 minutes ago       Up 9 minutes        80/tcp, 443/tcp,
0.0.0.0:80->8080/tcp
furious_mccarthy

操作容器启动，关闭，重启，kill

docker {start|stop|restart|kill} [CONTAINER ID]

[root@controller ~]#
docker kill b9cb57eb22f9

启动一个容器并多个端口

docker run -d --name
"web-node1" -p  8022:22 -p
80:80 nginx /usr/sbin/sshd -D

本地数据数据映射到容器内

-d       守护进程方式运行
-v       映射数据卷  -v [本地目录]:[容器内目录]
docker run -d -it -v /root/www/:/mnt/ --name
"web-node2" -p  8024:22
-p 80:80 nginx  /usr/sbin/sshd
-D