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5.非关系型数据库(Nosql)之mongodb:创建集合,备份与导入导出, 数据还原,导入导出

2017-01-10 18:11 826 查看
1 固定集合

固定集合值得是事先创建而且大小固定的集合

2 固定集合的特征:固定集合很像环形队列,如果空间不足,最早文档就会被删除,为新的文档腾出空间。一般来说,固定集合适用于任何想要自动淘汰过期属性的场景,没有太多的操作限制。

3 创建固定集合使用命令:

db.createCollection(“collectionName”,{capped:true,size:100000,max:100});

size:指定集合大小,单位为KB,max指定文档的数量

当指定文档数量上限时,必须同时指定大小。淘汰机制只有在容量还没有满时才会依据文档数量来工作。要是容量满了,淘汰机制依据容量来工作。

4 创建一个集合:

>db.createCollection("cap1",{capped:true,size:1000,max:100});

{ "ok" : 1 }





5 插入数据

> for(var i=1;i<=100;i++){

...db.cap1.insert({name:"dongxue",age:i});

... }

WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

> db.cap1.find().count();

53   (大小之所以是53是因为大小超过了1000)



6 固定集合的应用场景:聊天记录,日志信息

      淘汰机制:当满足size指定集合大小,不能再继续往固定集合中加数据。

      固定集合的容量优先

当文档达到100条时,再添加的时候会替换先前的

 

7 备份与导入导出。

MongoDB提供了备份和回复的功能,分别是MongoDB下载目录下的mongodump.exe和mongorestore.exe文件。

 

备份数据使用下面的命令:

mongodump –h dbhost –d dbname –o dbdirectory

-h:MonDB所在服务器地址,例如:127.0.0.1,当然也可以指定端口号:127.0.0.1:27017,当然该目录需要提前创建,在备份完成后,系统自动在dump目录下建立一个test目录,这个目录里面存放该数据库实例的备份数据。 

mongodump -h localhost:27017 -d toto -of:/beifeng

-h:用来指定要输出的数据库所在的ip地址和端口号

-d:  指定要备份的数据库

-o:  表示要备份到的文件目录

执行后的效果图:





7 另外启动一个mongodb的客户端,目的是将数据库中toto数据库删掉

C:\Users\to-to>mongo

MongoDB shell version: 2.6.4

connecting to: test

> use toto;

switched to db toto

> db.help();

DB methods:

        db.adminCommand(nameOrDocument) - switches to 'admin' db, and runs command [ just calls db.r

unCommand(...) ]

        db.auth(username, password)

        db.cloneDatabase(fromhost)

        db.commandHelp(name) returns the help for the command

        db.copyDatabase(fromdb, todb, fromhost)

        db.createCollection(name, { size : ..., capped : ..., max : ... } )

        db.createUser(userDocument)

        db.currentOp() displays currently executing operations in the db

        db.dropDatabase()

        db.eval(func, args) run code server-side

        db.fsyncLock() flush data to disk and lock server for backups

        db.fsyncUnlock() unlocks server following a db.fsyncLock()

        db.getCollection(cname) same as db['cname'] or db.cname

        db.getCollectionNames()

        db.getLastError() - just returns the err msg string

        db.getLastErrorObj() - return full status object

        db.getMongo() get the server connection object

        db.getMongo().setSlaveOk() allow queries on a replication slave server

        db.getName()

        db.getPrevError()

        db.getProfilingLevel() - deprecated

        db.getProfilingStatus() - returns if profiling is on and slow threshold

        db.getReplicationInfo()

        db.getSiblingDB(name) get the db at the same server as this one

        db.getWriteConcern() - returns the write concern used for any operations on this db, inherit

ed from server object if set

        db.hostInfo() get details about the server's host

        db.isMaster() check replica primary status

        db.killOp(opid) kills the current operation in the db

        db.listCommands() lists all the db commands

        db.loadServerScripts() loads all the scripts in db.system.js

        db.logout()

        db.printCollectionStats()

        db.printReplicationInfo()

        db.printShardingStatus()

        db.printSlaveReplicationInfo()

        db.dropUser(username)

        db.repairDatabase()

        db.resetError()

        db.runCommand(cmdObj) run a database command.  if cmdObj is a string, turns it into { cmdObj

 : 1 }

        db.serverStatus()

        db.setProfilingLevel(level,<slowms>) 0=off 1=slow 2=all

        db.setWriteConcern( <write concern doc> ) - sets the write concern for writes to the db

        db.unsetWriteConcern( <write concern doc> ) - unsets the write concern for writes to the db

        db.setVerboseShell(flag) display extra information in shell output

        db.shutdownServer()

        db.stats()

        db.version() current version of the server

> db.dropDatabase();

{ "dropped" : "toto", "ok" : 1 }







8 数据还原

mongorestore -h localhost:27017 -d toto -directoryperdb F:/beifeng/toto

-h:MongoDB所在服务器地址,例如:127.0.0.1,当然也可以指定端口号:127.0.0.1:27017

-d:需要备份的数据库实例,例如test

-o:备份的数据存放位置,当然该目录需要提前建立,在备份完成后,系统自动在dump目录下建立一个test目录,这个目录里面存放数据库实例的备份数据。
C:\Users\to-to> mongorestore -h localhost:27017 -d toto -directoryperdb F:/beifeng/toto

connected to: localhost:27017

2014-10-15T23:19:11.071+0800 F:/beifeng/toto\c3.bson

2014-10-15T23:19:11.071+0800    going into namespace [toto.c3]

2014-10-15T23:19:14.009+0800            Progress: 5740200/54000000      10%     (bytes)

2014-10-15T23:19:17.010+0800            Progress: 10125000/54000000     18%     (bytes)

2014-10-15T23:19:20.010+0800            Progress: 15660000/54000000     29%     (bytes)

2014-10-15T23:19:23.011+0800            Progress: 22528800/54000000     41%     (bytes)

2014-10-15T23:19:26.013+0800            Progress: 29586600/54000000     54%     (bytes)

2014-10-15T23:19:29.013+0800            Progress: 36752400/54000000     68%     (bytes)

2014-10-15T23:19:32.000+0800            Progress: 43372800/54000000     80%     (bytes)

2014-10-15T23:19:35.001+0800            Progress: 50284800/54000000     93%     (bytes)

1000000 objects found

2014-10-15T23:19:36.579+0800    Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "toto.c3" }

2014-10-15T23:19:36.641+0800    Creating index: { unique: true, key: { age: 1 }, name: "age_1", ns:

"toto.c3" }

2014-10-15T23:19:41.440+0800 F:/beifeng/toto\cap1.bson

2014-10-15T23:19:41.440+0800    going into namespace [toto.cap1]

2014-10-15T23:19:41.440+0800    Created collection toto.cap1 with options: { "create" : "cap1", "cap

ped" : true, "size" : 4096, "max" : 100 }

53 objects found

2014-10-15T23:19:41.440+0800    Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "toto.cap1" }

2014-10-15T23:19:41.440+0800 F:/beifeng/toto\cap2.bson

2014-10-15T23:19:41.440+0800    going into namespace [toto.cap2]

2014-10-15T23:19:41.440+0800    Created collection toto.cap2 with options: { "create" : "cap2", "cap

ped" : true, "size" : 4096, "max" : 100 }

file F:/beifeng/toto\cap2.bson empty, skipping

2014-10-15T23:19:41.456+0800    Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "toto.cap2" }

 

C:\Users\to-to>



 
 

9 导入导出:

用到的应用mongoexport,mongoimport

mongoexport –h dhost –d dbname –c collectionName –o output

参数说明:

-h 数据库地址

-d 指明使用的库

-c 指明要导出的集合

-o 指明要导出的文件名

dname:表示要导出的数据库

collectionName:表示导出哪个集合

output:表示导出到的位置。
C:\Users\to-to>mongoexport -h localhost:27017 -d toto -c c3 -o f:/beifen/c3.txt

connected to: localhost:27017

exported 1000000 records

 

C:\Users\to-to>







同样可以数据导出到doc中
数据导入:

mongoimport -h localhost:27017 -d toto -c ccc f:/beifen/c3.txt



C:\Users\to-to>mongo

MongoDB shell version: 2.6.4

connecting to: test

> use toto

switched to db toto

> show tables;

c3

cap1

cap2

ccc

system.indexes

> db.ccc.find();

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e75"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 1 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e76"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 2 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e77"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 3 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e78"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 4 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e79"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 5 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e7a"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 6 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e7b"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 7 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e7c"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 8 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e7d"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 9 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e7e"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 10 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e7f"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 11 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e80"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 12 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e81"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 13 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e82"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 14 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e83"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 15 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e84"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 16 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e85"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 17 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e86"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 18 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e87"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 19 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e88"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 20 }

Type "it" for more





上面自动隐式创建了一个ccc集合。
 

9 mongodb安全认证

每个mongodb实例中的数据库都可以有许多用户,如果开启了安全性检查,只有数据库认证用户才能执行读或者写操作。在认证的上下文中,MongoDB会将普通的数据作为admin

数据库处理。Admin数据库中的用户被视为超级用户(即:管理员)

在认证之后,管理员可以读写所有数据库,执行特定的管理员命令,执行listDatabase和shutdown.

在开启安全检查之前,一定要至少一个管理员账号。

最少得保证有一个管理员账号(admin 数据库当中的用户都是管理员)

use admin

db.addUser(“username”,”password”);

2.有了管理员账号,就可以为其它的数据库分配用户。

    2.1 首先要跳转到被分配的数据库

3.需要重新启动mongodb服务,开启安全检查

4.接下来的客户端连接mongodb,需要登录才能执行相应的操作。

C:\Users\to-to>mongo localhost:27017/admin

MongoDB shell version: 2.6.4

connecting to: localhost:27017/admin

> db

admin
1 固定集合

固定集合值得是事先创建而且大小固定的集合

2 固定集合的特征:固定集合很像环形队列,如果空间不足,最早文档就会被删除,为新的文档腾出空间。一般来说,固定集合适用于任何想要自动淘汰过期属性的场景,没有太多的操作限制。

3 创建固定集合使用命令:

db.createCollection(“collectionName”,{capped:true,size:100000,max:100});

size:指定集合大小,单位为KB,max指定文档的数量

当指定文档数量上限时,必须同时指定大小。淘汰机制只有在容量还没有满时才会依据文档数量来工作。要是容量满了,淘汰机制依据容量来工作。

4 创建一个集合:

>db.createCollection("cap1",{capped:true,size:1000,max:100});

{ "ok" : 1 }





5 插入数据

> for(var i=1;i<=100;i++){

...db.cap1.insert({name:"dongxue",age:i});

... }

WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

> db.cap1.find().count();

53   (大小之所以是53是因为大小超过了1000)



6 固定集合的应用场景:聊天记录,日志信息

      淘汰机制:当满足size指定集合大小,不能再继续往固定集合中加数据。

      固定集合的容量优先

当文档达到100条时,再添加的时候会替换先前的

 

7 备份与导入导出。

MongoDB提供了备份和回复的功能,分别是MongoDB下载目录下的mongodump.exe和mongorestore.exe文件。

 

备份数据使用下面的命令:

mongodump –h dbhost –d dbname –o dbdirectory

-h:MonDB所在服务器地址,例如:127.0.0.1,当然也可以指定端口号:127.0.0.1:27017,当然该目录需要提前创建,在备份完成后,系统自动在dump目录下建立一个test目录,这个目录里面存放该数据库实例的备份数据。 

mongodump -h localhost:27017 -d toto -of:/beifeng

-h:用来指定要输出的数据库所在的ip地址和端口号

-d:  指定要备份的数据库

-o:  表示要备份到的文件目录

执行后的效果图:





7 另外启动一个mongodb的客户端,目的是将数据库中toto数据库删掉

C:\Users\to-to>mongo

MongoDB shell version: 2.6.4

connecting to: test

> use toto;

switched to db toto

> db.help();

DB methods:

        db.adminCommand(nameOrDocument) - switches to 'admin' db, and runs command [ just calls db.r

unCommand(...) ]

        db.auth(username, password)

        db.cloneDatabase(fromhost)

        db.commandHelp(name) returns the help for the command

        db.copyDatabase(fromdb, todb, fromhost)

        db.createCollection(name, { size : ..., capped : ..., max : ... } )

        db.createUser(userDocument)

        db.currentOp() displays currently executing operations in the db

        db.dropDatabase()

        db.eval(func, args) run code server-side

        db.fsyncLock() flush data to disk and lock server for backups

        db.fsyncUnlock() unlocks server following a db.fsyncLock()

        db.getCollection(cname) same as db['cname'] or db.cname

        db.getCollectionNames()

        db.getLastError() - just returns the err msg string

        db.getLastErrorObj() - return full status object

        db.getMongo() get the server connection object

        db.getMongo().setSlaveOk() allow queries on a replication slave server

        db.getName()

        db.getPrevError()

        db.getProfilingLevel() - deprecated

        db.getProfilingStatus() - returns if profiling is on and slow threshold

        db.getReplicationInfo()

        db.getSiblingDB(name) get the db at the same server as this one

        db.getWriteConcern() - returns the write concern used for any operations on this db, inherit

ed from server object if set

        db.hostInfo() get details about the server's host

        db.isMaster() check replica primary status

        db.killOp(opid) kills the current operation in the db

        db.listCommands() lists all the db commands

        db.loadServerScripts() loads all the scripts in db.system.js

        db.logout()

        db.printCollectionStats()

        db.printReplicationInfo()

        db.printShardingStatus()

        db.printSlaveReplicationInfo()

        db.dropUser(username)

        db.repairDatabase()

        db.resetError()

        db.runCommand(cmdObj) run a database command.  if cmdObj is a string, turns it into { cmdObj

 : 1 }

        db.serverStatus()

        db.setProfilingLevel(level,<slowms>) 0=off 1=slow 2=all

        db.setWriteConcern( <write concern doc> ) - sets the write concern for writes to the db

        db.unsetWriteConcern( <write concern doc> ) - unsets the write concern for writes to the db

        db.setVerboseShell(flag) display extra information in shell output

        db.shutdownServer()

        db.stats()

        db.version() current version of the server

> db.dropDatabase();

{ "dropped" : "toto", "ok" : 1 }







8 数据还原

mongorestore -h localhost:27017 -d toto -directoryperdb F:/beifeng/toto

-h:MongoDB所在服务器地址,例如:127.0.0.1,当然也可以指定端口号:127.0.0.1:27017

-d:需要备份的数据库实例,例如test

-o:备份的数据存放位置,当然该目录需要提前建立,在备份完成后,系统自动在dump目录下建立一个test目录,这个目录里面存放数据库实例的备份数据。
C:\Users\to-to> mongorestore -h localhost:27017 -d toto -directoryperdb F:/beifeng/toto

connected to: localhost:27017

2014-10-15T23:19:11.071+0800 F:/beifeng/toto\c3.bson

2014-10-15T23:19:11.071+0800    going into namespace [toto.c3]

2014-10-15T23:19:14.009+0800            Progress: 5740200/54000000      10%     (bytes)

2014-10-15T23:19:17.010+0800            Progress: 10125000/54000000     18%     (bytes)

2014-10-15T23:19:20.010+0800            Progress: 15660000/54000000     29%     (bytes)

2014-10-15T23:19:23.011+0800            Progress: 22528800/54000000     41%     (bytes)

2014-10-15T23:19:26.013+0800            Progress: 29586600/54000000     54%     (bytes)

2014-10-15T23:19:29.013+0800            Progress: 36752400/54000000     68%     (bytes)

2014-10-15T23:19:32.000+0800            Progress: 43372800/54000000     80%     (bytes)

2014-10-15T23:19:35.001+0800            Progress: 50284800/54000000     93%     (bytes)

1000000 objects found

2014-10-15T23:19:36.579+0800    Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "toto.c3" }

2014-10-15T23:19:36.641+0800    Creating index: { unique: true, key: { age: 1 }, name: "age_1", ns:

"toto.c3" }

2014-10-15T23:19:41.440+0800 F:/beifeng/toto\cap1.bson

2014-10-15T23:19:41.440+0800    going into namespace [toto.cap1]

2014-10-15T23:19:41.440+0800    Created collection toto.cap1 with options: { "create" : "cap1", "cap

ped" : true, "size" : 4096, "max" : 100 }

53 objects found

2014-10-15T23:19:41.440+0800    Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "toto.cap1" }

2014-10-15T23:19:41.440+0800 F:/beifeng/toto\cap2.bson

2014-10-15T23:19:41.440+0800    going into namespace [toto.cap2]

2014-10-15T23:19:41.440+0800    Created collection toto.cap2 with options: { "create" : "cap2", "cap

ped" : true, "size" : 4096, "max" : 100 }

file F:/beifeng/toto\cap2.bson empty, skipping

2014-10-15T23:19:41.456+0800    Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "toto.cap2" }

 

C:\Users\to-to>



 
 

9 导入导出:

用到的应用mongoexport,mongoimport

mongoexport –h dhost –d dbname –c collectionName –o output

参数说明:

-h 数据库地址

-d 指明使用的库

-c 指明要导出的集合

-o 指明要导出的文件名

dname:表示要导出的数据库

collectionName:表示导出哪个集合

output:表示导出到的位置。
C:\Users\to-to>mongoexport -h localhost:27017 -d toto -c c3 -o f:/beifen/c3.txt

connected to: localhost:27017

exported 1000000 records

 

C:\Users\to-to>







同样可以数据导出到doc中
数据导入:

mongoimport -h localhost:27017 -d toto -c ccc f:/beifen/c3.txt



C:\Users\to-to>mongo

MongoDB shell version: 2.6.4

connecting to: test

> use toto

switched to db toto

> show tables;

c3

cap1

cap2

ccc

system.indexes

> db.ccc.find();

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e75"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 1 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e76"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 2 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e77"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 3 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e78"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 4 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e79"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 5 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e7a"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 6 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e7b"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 7 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e7c"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 8 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e7d"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 9 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e7e"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 10 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e7f"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 11 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e80"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 12 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e81"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 13 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e82"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 14 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e83"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 15 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e84"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 16 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e85"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 17 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e86"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 18 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e87"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 19 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e88"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 20 }

Type "it" for more





上面自动隐式创建了一个ccc集合。
 

9 mongodb安全认证

每个mongodb实例中的数据库都可以有许多用户,如果开启了安全性检查,只有数据库认证用户才能执行读或者写操作。在认证的上下文中,MongoDB会将普通的数据作为admin

数据库处理。Admin数据库中的用户被视为超级用户(即:管理员)

在认证之后,管理员可以读写所有数据库,执行特定的管理员命令,执行listDatabase和shutdown.

在开启安全检查之前,一定要至少一个管理员账号。

最少得保证有一个管理员账号(admin 数据库当中的用户都是管理员)

use admin

db.addUser(“username”,”password”);

2.有了管理员账号,就可以为其它的数据库分配用户。

    2.1 首先要跳转到被分配的数据库

3.需要重新启动mongodb服务,开启安全检查

4.接下来的客户端连接mongodb,需要登录才能执行相应的操作。

C:\Users\to-to>mongo localhost:27017/admin

MongoDB shell version: 2.6.4

connecting to: localhost:27017/admin

> db

admin
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