c++ 使用 tinyxml中对XML文件进行操作
2017-01-10 14:03
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tinyXML一款很优秀的操作C++类库，文件不大，但方法很丰富，和apache的Dom4j可以披靡啊！习惯了使用java类库的我看到这么丰富的c++类库，很高兴！它使用很简单，只需要拷贝几个文件到你的工程中，没有STL也可以编译运行。
下面我从这几个方面谈谈对tinyXML类库的使用以及理解。
首先在sourceforge上下载tinyXML类库，地址：http://sourceforge.net/projects/tinyxml/
然后解压缩tinyXML后，将这六个文件添加到你的c++工程中，分别是tinystr.h、tinystr.cpp、tinyxml.h、tinyxml.cpp、tinyxmlerror.cpp、tinyxmlparser.cpp。在需要操作xml文件的地方，使用如下代码，就可以引入tinyXML类库。
#include "tinyxml.h"
TiXmlBase是所有类的基类，TiXmlNode、TiXmlAttribute两个类都继承来自TiXmlBase类，其中TiXmlNode类指的是所有被<...>...<.../>包括的内容，而xml中的节点又具体分为以下几方面内容，分别是声明、注释、节点以及节点间的文本，因此在TiXmlNode的基础上又衍生出这几个类TiXmlComment、TiXmlDeclaration、TiXmlDocument、TiXmlElement、TiXmlText、TiXmlUnknown，分别用来指明具体是xml中的哪一部分。TiXmlAttribute类不同于TiXmlNode，它指的是在尖括号里面的内容，像<...
***=...>，其中***就是一个属性。这块我具体用一个xml文档说明一下，内容如下：
Xml代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<phonebook>
<!--one item behalfs one contacted person.-->
<item>
<name>miaomaio</name>
<addr>Shaanxi Xi'an</addr>
<tel>13759911917</tel>
<email>miaomiao@home.com</email>
</item>
<item>
<name>gougou</name>
<addr>Liaoning Shenyang</addr>
<tel>15840330481</tel>
<email>gougou@home.com</email>
</item>
<!--more contacted persons.-->
</phonebook>
像TiXmlDeclaration指的就是<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>，
像TiXmlComment指的就是<!--one item behalfs one contacted person.-->、 <!--more contacted persons.-->，
像TiXmlDocument指的就是整个xml文档，
像TiXmlElement指的就是<phonebook>、<item>、<name>、<addr>等等这些节点，
像TiXmlText指的就是‘gougou’、‘15840330481’这些夹在<item>与</item>、<name>与</name>、<addr>与</addr>之间的文本文字，
像TiXmlAttribute指的就是<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>节点中version、encoding，
除此之外就是TiXmlUnknown。
const char* xmlFile = "Profiles\\MX6Q Linux Update\\OS Firmware\\ucl2.xml"; //xml΄???Ă???
TiXmlDocument doc;
TiXmlElement* UCL = new TiXmlElement("UCL");
doc.LinkEndChild(UCL);
TiXmlElement* CFG = new TiXmlElement("CFG");
UCL->LinkEndChild(CFG);
TiXmlElement* ST1 = new TiXmlElement("STATE");
CFG->LinkEndChild(ST1);
ST1->SetAttribute("name", "BootStrap");
ST1->SetAttribute("dev", "MX6Q");
ST1->SetAttribute("vid", "15A2");
ST1->SetAttribute("pid", "0054");
TiXmlElement* ST2 = new TiXmlElement("STATE");
CFG->LinkEndChild(ST2);
ST2->SetAttribute("name", "Updater");
ST2->SetAttribute("dev", "MSC");
ST2->SetAttribute("vid", "066F");
ST2->SetAttribute("pid", "37FF");
TiXmlElement* LIST = new TiXmlElement("LIST");
UCL->LinkEndChild(LIST);
LIST->SetAttribute("name", "GWI-SPI_NOR");
LIST->SetAttribute("desc", "Choose SPI-NOR as media");
TiXmlElement* CMD1 = new TiXmlElement("CMD");
CMD1->SetAttribute("state", "BootStrap");
CMD1->SetAttribute("type", "boot");
CMD1->SetAttribute("body", "BootStrap");
CMD1->SetAttribute("file", "firmware/u-boot.imx");
CMD1->SetAttribute("ifdev", "MX6Q");
CMD1->LinkEndChild(new TiXmlText("Loading u-boot"));
LIST->LinkEndChild(CMD1);
TiXmlElement* CMD2 = new TiXmlElement("CMD");
CMD2->SetAttribute("state", "BootStrap");
CMD2->SetAttribute("type", "load");
CMD2->SetAttribute("file", "firmware/zImage");
CMD2->SetAttribute("address", "0x12000000");
CMD2->SetAttribute("loadSection", "OTH");
CMD2->SetAttribute("setSection", "OTH");
CMD2->SetAttribute("HasFlashHeader", "FALSE");
CMD2->SetAttribute("ifdev", "MX6Q MX6DL");
CMD2->LinkEndChild(new TiXmlText("Loading kernel"));
LIST->LinkEndChild(CMD2);
TiXmlElement* CMD3 = new TiXmlElement("CMD");
CMD3->SetAttribute("state", "BootStrap");
CMD3->SetAttribute("type", "load");
CMD3->SetAttribute("file", "firmware/initramfs");
CMD3->SetAttribute("address", "0x12c00000");
CMD3->SetAttribute("loadSection", "OTH");
CMD3->SetAttribute("setSection", "OTH");
CMD3->SetAttribute("HasFlashHeader", "FALSE");
CMD3->SetAttribute("ifdev", "MX6Q MX6DL");
CMD3->LinkEndChild(new TiXmlText("Loading Initramfs"));
LIST->LinkEndChild(CMD3);
TiXmlElement* CMD4 = new TiXmlElement("CMD");
CMD4->SetAttribute("state", "BootStrap");
CMD4->SetAttribute("type", "load");
CMD4->SetAttribute("file", "firmware/imx6q-gwi-scanner.dtb");
CMD4->SetAttribute("address", "0x18000000");
CMD4->SetAttribute("loadSection", "OTH");
CMD4->SetAttribute("setSection", "OTH");
CMD4->SetAttribute("HasFlashHeader", "FALSE");
CMD4->SetAttribute("ifdev", "MX6Q");
CMD4->LinkEndChild(new TiXmlText("Loading device tree"));
LIST->LinkEndChild(CMD4);
TiXmlElement* CMD5 = new TiXmlElement("CMD");
CMD5->SetAttribute("state", "BootStrap");
CMD5->SetAttribute("type", "jump");
CMD5->LinkEndChild(new TiXmlText("Jumping to OS image"));
LIST->LinkEndChild(CMD5);
TiXmlComment * comment = new TiXmlComment();
comment->SetValue(" erase uboot env partition ");
LIST->LinkEndChild(comment);
TiXmlElement* CMD6 = new TiXmlElement("CMD");
CMD6->SetAttribute("state", "Updater");
CMD6->SetAttribute("type", "push");
CMD6->SetAttribute("body", "$ flash_erase /dev/mtd1 0 0");
CMD6->LinkEndChild(new TiXmlText("Erasing uboot env partition"));
LIST->LinkEndChild(CMD6);
TiXmlComment * comment1 = new TiXmlComment();
comment1->SetValue(" erase script partition ");
LIST->LinkEndChild(comment1);
TiXmlElement* CMD7 = new TiXmlElement("CMD");
CMD7->SetAttribute("state", "Updater");
CMD7->SetAttribute("type", "push");
CMD7->SetAttribute("body", "$ flash_erase /dev/mtd2 0 0");
CMD7->LinkEndChild(new TiXmlText("Erasing system partition"));
LIST->LinkEndChild(CMD7);
TiXmlComment * comment2 = new TiXmlComment();
comment2->SetValue(" burn the system to norflash ");
LIST->LinkEndChild(comment2);
TiXmlElement* CMD8 = new TiXmlElement("CMD");
CMD8->SetAttribute("state", "Updater");
CMD8->SetAttribute("type", "push");
CMD8->SetAttribute("body", "send");
CMD8->SetAttribute("file", a );
CMD8->LinkEndChild(new TiXmlText("Send scanner system Image"));
LIST->LinkEndChild(CMD8);
TiXmlElement* CMD9 = new TiXmlElement("CMD");
CMD9->SetAttribute("state", "Updater");
CMD9->SetAttribute("type", "push");
CMD9->SetAttribute("body", "$ dd if=$FILE of=/dev/mtd2");
CMD9->LinkEndChild(new TiXmlText("write system Image to NOR Flash"));
LIST->LinkEndChild(CMD9);
TiXmlElement* CMD10 = new TiXmlElement("CMD");
CMD10->SetAttribute("state", "Updater");
CMD10->SetAttribute("type", "push");
CMD10->SetAttribute("body", "$ echo Update Complete!");
CMD10->LinkEndChild(new TiXmlText("Done"));
LIST->LinkEndChild(CMD10);
doc.SaveFile(xmlFile); //???掄??、
生成的xml 文件
<UCL>
<CFG>
<STATE name="BootStrap" dev="MX6Q" vid="15A2" pid="0054"/>
<STATE name="Updater" dev="MSC" vid="066F" pid="37FF"/>
</CFG>
<LIST name="GWI-SPI_NOR" desc="Choose SPI-NOR as media">
<CMD state="BootStrap" type="boot" body="BootStrap" file ="firmware/u-boot.imx" ifdev="MX6Q">Loading U-boot</CMD>
<CMD state="BootStrap" type="load" file="firmware/zImage" address="0x12000000"loadSection="OTH" setSection="OTH" HasFlashHeader="FALSE" ifdev="MX6Q MX6DL">Loading Kernel.</CMD>
<CMD state="BootStrap" type="load" file="firmware/initramfs" address="0x12C00000"loadSection="OTH" setSection="OTH" HasFlashHeader="FALSE" ifdev="MX6Q MX6DL">Loading Initramfs.</CMD>
<CMD state="BootStrap" type="load" file="firmware/imx6q-gwi-scanner.dtb" address="0x18000000" loadSection="OTH" setSection="OTH" HasFlashHeader="FALSE" ifdev="MX6Q">Loading device tree.</CMD>
<CMD state="BootStrap" type="jump" > Jumping to OS image.</CMD>
<!--erase uboot env partition-->
<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ flash_erase /dev/mtd1 0 0">Erasing uboot env partition</CMD>
<!--burn the system to spinor :-->
<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ flash_erase /dev/mtd2 0 0">Erasing system partition</CMD>
<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="send" file="xxxx">Sending scanner system</CMD>
<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ dd if=$FILE of=/dev/mtd2">write system Image to NOR flash</CMD>
<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ echo Update Complete!">Done</CMD>
</LIST>
</UCL>
下面我从这几个方面谈谈对tinyXML类库的使用以及理解。
首先在sourceforge上下载tinyXML类库，地址：http://sourceforge.net/projects/tinyxml/
然后解压缩tinyXML后，将这六个文件添加到你的c++工程中，分别是tinystr.h、tinystr.cpp、tinyxml.h、tinyxml.cpp、tinyxmlerror.cpp、tinyxmlparser.cpp。在需要操作xml文件的地方，使用如下代码，就可以引入tinyXML类库。
#include "tinyxml.h"
TiXmlBase是所有类的基类，TiXmlNode、TiXmlAttribute两个类都继承来自TiXmlBase类，其中TiXmlNode类指的是所有被<...>...<.../>包括的内容，而xml中的节点又具体分为以下几方面内容，分别是声明、注释、节点以及节点间的文本，因此在TiXmlNode的基础上又衍生出这几个类TiXmlComment、TiXmlDeclaration、TiXmlDocument、TiXmlElement、TiXmlText、TiXmlUnknown，分别用来指明具体是xml中的哪一部分。TiXmlAttribute类不同于TiXmlNode，它指的是在尖括号里面的内容，像<...
***=...>，其中***就是一个属性。这块我具体用一个xml文档说明一下，内容如下：
Xml代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<phonebook>
<!--one item behalfs one contacted person.-->
<item>
<name>miaomaio</name>
<addr>Shaanxi Xi'an</addr>
<tel>13759911917</tel>
<email>miaomiao@home.com</email>
</item>
<item>
<name>gougou</name>
<addr>Liaoning Shenyang</addr>
<tel>15840330481</tel>
<email>gougou@home.com</email>
</item>
<!--more contacted persons.-->
</phonebook>
像TiXmlDeclaration指的就是<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>，
像TiXmlComment指的就是<!--one item behalfs one contacted person.-->、 <!--more contacted persons.-->，
像TiXmlDocument指的就是整个xml文档，
像TiXmlElement指的就是<phonebook>、<item>、<name>、<addr>等等这些节点，
像TiXmlText指的就是‘gougou’、‘15840330481’这些夹在<item>与</item>、<name>与</name>、<addr>与</addr>之间的文本文字，
像TiXmlAttribute指的就是<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>节点中version、encoding，
除此之外就是TiXmlUnknown。
const char* xmlFile = "Profiles\\MX6Q Linux Update\\OS Firmware\\ucl2.xml"; //xml΄???Ă???
TiXmlDocument doc;
TiXmlElement* UCL = new TiXmlElement("UCL");
doc.LinkEndChild(UCL);
TiXmlElement* CFG = new TiXmlElement("CFG");
UCL->LinkEndChild(CFG);
TiXmlElement* ST1 = new TiXmlElement("STATE");
CFG->LinkEndChild(ST1);
ST1->SetAttribute("name", "BootStrap");
ST1->SetAttribute("dev", "MX6Q");
ST1->SetAttribute("vid", "15A2");
ST1->SetAttribute("pid", "0054");
TiXmlElement* ST2 = new TiXmlElement("STATE");
CFG->LinkEndChild(ST2);
ST2->SetAttribute("name", "Updater");
ST2->SetAttribute("dev", "MSC");
ST2->SetAttribute("vid", "066F");
ST2->SetAttribute("pid", "37FF");
TiXmlElement* LIST = new TiXmlElement("LIST");
UCL->LinkEndChild(LIST);
LIST->SetAttribute("name", "GWI-SPI_NOR");
LIST->SetAttribute("desc", "Choose SPI-NOR as media");
TiXmlElement* CMD1 = new TiXmlElement("CMD");
CMD1->SetAttribute("state", "BootStrap");
CMD1->SetAttribute("type", "boot");
CMD1->SetAttribute("body", "BootStrap");
CMD1->SetAttribute("file", "firmware/u-boot.imx");
CMD1->SetAttribute("ifdev", "MX6Q");
CMD1->LinkEndChild(new TiXmlText("Loading u-boot"));
LIST->LinkEndChild(CMD1);
TiXmlElement* CMD2 = new TiXmlElement("CMD");
CMD2->SetAttribute("state", "BootStrap");
CMD2->SetAttribute("type", "load");
CMD2->SetAttribute("file", "firmware/zImage");
CMD2->SetAttribute("address", "0x12000000");
CMD2->SetAttribute("loadSection", "OTH");
CMD2->SetAttribute("setSection", "OTH");
CMD2->SetAttribute("HasFlashHeader", "FALSE");
CMD2->SetAttribute("ifdev", "MX6Q MX6DL");
CMD2->LinkEndChild(new TiXmlText("Loading kernel"));
LIST->LinkEndChild(CMD2);
TiXmlElement* CMD3 = new TiXmlElement("CMD");
CMD3->SetAttribute("state", "BootStrap");
CMD3->SetAttribute("type", "load");
CMD3->SetAttribute("file", "firmware/initramfs");
CMD3->SetAttribute("address", "0x12c00000");
CMD3->SetAttribute("loadSection", "OTH");
CMD3->SetAttribute("setSection", "OTH");
CMD3->SetAttribute("HasFlashHeader", "FALSE");
CMD3->SetAttribute("ifdev", "MX6Q MX6DL");
CMD3->LinkEndChild(new TiXmlText("Loading Initramfs"));
LIST->LinkEndChild(CMD3);
TiXmlElement* CMD4 = new TiXmlElement("CMD");
CMD4->SetAttribute("state", "BootStrap");
CMD4->SetAttribute("type", "load");
CMD4->SetAttribute("file", "firmware/imx6q-gwi-scanner.dtb");
CMD4->SetAttribute("address", "0x18000000");
CMD4->SetAttribute("loadSection", "OTH");
CMD4->SetAttribute("setSection", "OTH");
CMD4->SetAttribute("HasFlashHeader", "FALSE");
CMD4->SetAttribute("ifdev", "MX6Q");
CMD4->LinkEndChild(new TiXmlText("Loading device tree"));
LIST->LinkEndChild(CMD4);
TiXmlElement* CMD5 = new TiXmlElement("CMD");
CMD5->SetAttribute("state", "BootStrap");
CMD5->SetAttribute("type", "jump");
CMD5->LinkEndChild(new TiXmlText("Jumping to OS image"));
LIST->LinkEndChild(CMD5);
TiXmlComment * comment = new TiXmlComment();
comment->SetValue(" erase uboot env partition ");
LIST->LinkEndChild(comment);
TiXmlElement* CMD6 = new TiXmlElement("CMD");
CMD6->SetAttribute("state", "Updater");
CMD6->SetAttribute("type", "push");
CMD6->SetAttribute("body", "$ flash_erase /dev/mtd1 0 0");
CMD6->LinkEndChild(new TiXmlText("Erasing uboot env partition"));
LIST->LinkEndChild(CMD6);
TiXmlComment * comment1 = new TiXmlComment();
comment1->SetValue(" erase script partition ");
LIST->LinkEndChild(comment1);
TiXmlElement* CMD7 = new TiXmlElement("CMD");
CMD7->SetAttribute("state", "Updater");
CMD7->SetAttribute("type", "push");
CMD7->SetAttribute("body", "$ flash_erase /dev/mtd2 0 0");
CMD7->LinkEndChild(new TiXmlText("Erasing system partition"));
LIST->LinkEndChild(CMD7);
TiXmlComment * comment2 = new TiXmlComment();
comment2->SetValue(" burn the system to norflash ");
LIST->LinkEndChild(comment2);
TiXmlElement* CMD8 = new TiXmlElement("CMD");
CMD8->SetAttribute("state", "Updater");
CMD8->SetAttribute("type", "push");
CMD8->SetAttribute("body", "send");
CMD8->SetAttribute("file", a );
CMD8->LinkEndChild(new TiXmlText("Send scanner system Image"));
LIST->LinkEndChild(CMD8);
TiXmlElement* CMD9 = new TiXmlElement("CMD");
CMD9->SetAttribute("state", "Updater");
CMD9->SetAttribute("type", "push");
CMD9->SetAttribute("body", "$ dd if=$FILE of=/dev/mtd2");
CMD9->LinkEndChild(new TiXmlText("write system Image to NOR Flash"));
LIST->LinkEndChild(CMD9);
TiXmlElement* CMD10 = new TiXmlElement("CMD");
CMD10->SetAttribute("state", "Updater");
CMD10->SetAttribute("type", "push");
CMD10->SetAttribute("body", "$ echo Update Complete!");
CMD10->LinkEndChild(new TiXmlText("Done"));
LIST->LinkEndChild(CMD10);
doc.SaveFile(xmlFile); //???掄??、
生成的xml 文件
<UCL>
<CFG>
<STATE name="BootStrap" dev="MX6Q" vid="15A2" pid="0054"/>
<STATE name="Updater" dev="MSC" vid="066F" pid="37FF"/>
</CFG>
<LIST name="GWI-SPI_NOR" desc="Choose SPI-NOR as media">
<CMD state="BootStrap" type="boot" body="BootStrap" file ="firmware/u-boot.imx" ifdev="MX6Q">Loading U-boot</CMD>
<CMD state="BootStrap" type="load" file="firmware/zImage" address="0x12000000"loadSection="OTH" setSection="OTH" HasFlashHeader="FALSE" ifdev="MX6Q MX6DL">Loading Kernel.</CMD>
<CMD state="BootStrap" type="load" file="firmware/initramfs" address="0x12C00000"loadSection="OTH" setSection="OTH" HasFlashHeader="FALSE" ifdev="MX6Q MX6DL">Loading Initramfs.</CMD>
<CMD state="BootStrap" type="load" file="firmware/imx6q-gwi-scanner.dtb" address="0x18000000" loadSection="OTH" setSection="OTH" HasFlashHeader="FALSE" ifdev="MX6Q">Loading device tree.</CMD>
<CMD state="BootStrap" type="jump" > Jumping to OS image.</CMD>
<!--erase uboot env partition-->
<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ flash_erase /dev/mtd1 0 0">Erasing uboot env partition</CMD>
<!--burn the system to spinor :-->
<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ flash_erase /dev/mtd2 0 0">Erasing system partition</CMD>
<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="send" file="xxxx">Sending scanner system</CMD>
<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ dd if=$FILE of=/dev/mtd2">write system Image to NOR flash</CMD>
<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ echo Update Complete!">Done</CMD>
</LIST>
</UCL>
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