微信热补丁解决方案Tinker初探（一）

微信开源Tinker有一段时间了，这两天上手体验了下，感觉还可以，下面就来说一下我的Tinker初体验。

Tinker是微信官方的Android热补丁解决方案，它支持动态下发代码、So库以及资源，让应用能够在不需要重新安装的情况下实现更新。当然，你也可以使用Tinker来更新你的插件。

它主要包括以下几个部分：

1.gradle编译插件: tinker-patch-gradle-plugin

2.核心sdk库: tinker-android-lib

3.非gradle编译用户的命令行版本: tinker-patch-cli.jar

这是Tinker的官方简介Tinker GitHub(感觉有点啰嗦)

首先需要注意的几点：

1.Tinker不支持修改AndroidManifest.xml，Tinker不支持新增四大组件；

2.由于Google Play的开发者条款限制，不建议在GP渠道动态更新代码；

3.由于apk-parser issue, TinkerId不能设置为非常短的数字，例如“1.0”；

4.在Android N上，补丁对应用启动时间有轻微的影响；

5.不支持部分三星android-19机型，加载补丁时会主动抛出”TinkerRuntimeException:checkDexInstall failed”；

6.关于渠道包的问题，若使用flavor编译渠道包，会导致不同的渠道包由于BuildConfig变化导致classes.dex差异。这里建议的方式有：

将渠道信息写在AndroidManifest.xml中；

将渠道信息写在apk文件的zip comment中，这种是建议方式；

若不同渠道存在功能上的差异，建议将差异部分放于单独的dex或采用相同代码不同配置方式实现。

首先新建一个工程TinkerTest,在app/build.gradle添加如下配置：

添加依赖：

dependencies {
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:25.1.0'
testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
//optional, help to generate the final application
provided('com.tencent.tinker:tinker-android-anno:1.7.6')
//tinker's main Android lib
compile('com.tencent.tinker:tinker-android-lib:1.7.6')
compile "com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1"
}

添加如下配置：

def javaVersion = JavaVersion.VERSION_1_7
android {
compileSdkVersion 25
buildToolsVersion "25.0.0"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.juyao.tinkertest"
minSdkVersion 16
targetSdkVersion 25
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
/**
* you can use multiDex and install it in your ApplicationLifeCycle implement
*/
multiDexEnabled true
/**
* buildConfig can change during patch!
* we can use the newly value when patch
*/
buildConfigField "String", "MESSAGE", "\"I am the base apk\""
//        buildConfigField "String", "MESSAGE", "\"I am the patch apk\""
/**
* client version would update with patch
* so we can get the newly git version easily!
*/
buildConfigField "String", "TINKER_ID", "\"${getTinkerIdValue()}\""
buildConfigField "String", "PLATFORM",  "\"all\""
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
//recommend
dexOptions {
jumboMode = true
}
//签名
signingConfigs {
release {
storeFile file("key.keystore")
storePassword "123456"
keyAlias "zj"
keyPassword "123456"
}
debug{
storeFile file("key.keystore")
storePassword "123456"
keyAlias "zj"
keyPassword "123456"
}
}

}
def bakPath = file("${buildDir}/bakApk/")

/**
* you can use assembleRelease to build you base apk
* use tinkerPatchRelease -POLD_APK=  -PAPPLY_MAPPING=  -PAPPLY_RESOURCE= to build patch
* add apk from the build/bakApk
*/
ext {
//for some reason, you may want to ignore tinkerBuild, such as instant run debug build?
tinkerEnabled = true

//for normal build
//old apk file to build patch apk
tinkerOldApkPath = "${bakPath}/app-debug-0104-16-57-35.apk"
//proguard mapping file to build patch apk
tinkerApplyMappingPath = "${bakPath}/app-debug-mapping.txt"
//resource R.txt to build patch apk, must input if there is resource changed
tinkerApplyResourcePath = "${bakPath}/app-debug-R.txt"

//only use for build all flavor, if not, just ignore this field
tinkerBuildFlavorDirectory = "${bakPath}/app-1018-17-32-47"
}
def getOldApkPath() {
return hasProperty("OLD_APK") ? OLD_APK : ext.tinkerOldApkPath
}

def getApplyMappingPath() {
return hasProperty("APPLY_MAPPING") ? APPLY_MAPPING : ext.tinkerApplyMappingPath
}

def getApplyResourceMappingPath() {
return hasProperty("APPLY_RESOURCE") ? APPLY_RESOURCE : ext.tinkerApplyResourcePath
}

def getTinkerIdValue() {
return hasProperty("TINKER_ID") ? TINKER_ID : gitSha()
}

def buildWithTinker() {
return hasProperty("TINKER_ENABLE") ? TINKER_ENABLE : ext.tinkerEnabled
}

def getTinkerBuildFlavorDirectory() {
return ext.tinkerBuildFlavorDirectory
}

if (buildWithTinker()) {
apply plugin: 'com.tencent.tinker.patch'

tinkerPatch {
/**
* necessary，default 'null'
* the old apk path, use to diff with the new apk to build
* add apk from the build/bakApk
*/
oldApk = getOldApkPath()
/**
* optional，default 'false'
* there are some cases we may get some warnings
* if ignoreWarning is true, we would just assert the patch process
* case 1: minSdkVersion is below 14, but you are using dexMode with raw.
*         it must be crash when load.
* case 2: newly added Android Component in AndroidManifest.xml,
*         it must be crash when load.
* case 3: loader classes in dex.loader{} are not keep in the main dex,
*         it must be let tinker not work.
* case 4: loader classes in dex.loader{} changes,
*         loader classes is ues to load patch dex. it is useless to change them.
*         it won't crash, but these changes can't effect. you may ignore it
* case 5: resources.arsc has changed, but we don't use applyResourceMapping to build
*/
ignoreWarning = false

/**
* optional，default 'true'
* whether sign the patch file
* if not, you must do yourself. otherwise it can't check success during the patch loading
* we will use the sign config with your build type
*/
useSign = true

/**
* optional，default 'true'
* whether use tinker to build
*/
tinkerEnable = buildWithTinker()

/**
* Warning, applyMapping will affect the normal android build!
*/
buildConfig {
/**
* optional，default 'null'
* if we use tinkerPatch to build the patch apk, you'd better to apply the old
* apk mapping file if minifyEnabled is enable!
* Warning:
* you must be careful that it will affect the normal assemble build!
*/
applyMapping = getApplyMappingPath()
/**
* optional，default 'null'
* It is nice to keep the resource id from R.txt file to reduce java changes
*/
applyResourceMapping = getApplyResourceMappingPath()

/**
* necessary，default 'null'
* because we don't want to check the base apk with md5 in the runtime(it is slow)
* tinkerId is use to identify the unique base apk when the patch is tried to apply.
* we can use git rev, svn rev or simply versionCode.
* we will gen the tinkerId in your manifest automatic
*/
tinkerId = "1.0"

/**
* if keepDexApply is true, class in which dex refer to the old apk.
* open this can reduce the dex diff file size.
*/
keepDexApply = false
}

dex {
/**
* optional，default 'jar'
* only can be 'raw' or 'jar'. for raw, we would keep its original format
* for jar, we would repack dexes with zip format.
* if you want to support below 14, you must use jar
* or you want to save rom or check quicker, you can use raw mode also
*/
dexMode = "jar"

/**
* necessary，default '[]'
* what dexes in apk are expected to deal with tinkerPatch
* it support * or ? pattern.
*/
pattern = ["classes*.dex",
"assets/secondary-dex-?.jar"]
/**
* necessary，default '[]'
* Warning, it is very very important, loader classes can't change with patch.
* thus, they will be removed from patch dexes.
* you must put the following class into main dex.
* Simply, you should add your own application {@code tinker.sample.android.SampleApplication}
* own tinkerLoader, and the classes you use in them
*
*/
loader = [
//use sample, let BaseBuildInfo unchangeable with tinker
"tinker.sample.android.app.BaseBuildInfo"
]
}

lib {
/**
* optional，default '[]'
* what library in apk are expected to deal with tinkerPatch
* it support * or ? pattern.
* for library in assets, we would just recover them in the patch directory
* you can get them in TinkerLoadResult with Tinker
*/
pattern = ["lib/armeabi/*.so"]
}

res {
/**
* optional，default '[]'
* what resource in apk are expected to deal with tinkerPatch
* it support * or ? pattern.
* you must include all your resources in apk here,
* otherwise, they won't repack in the new apk resources.
*/
pattern = ["res/*", "assets/*", "resources.arsc", "AndroidManifest.xml"]

/**
* optional，default '[]'
* the resource file exclude patterns, ignore add, delete or modify resource change
* it support * or ? pattern.
* Warning, we can only use for files no relative with resources.arsc
*/
ignoreChange = ["assets/sample_meta.txt"]

/**
* default 100kb
* for modify resource, if it is larger than 'largeModSize'
* we would like to use bsdiff algorithm to reduce patch file size
*/
largeModSize = 100
}

packageConfig {
/**
* optional，default 'TINKER_ID, TINKER_ID_VALUE' 'NEW_TINKER_ID, NEW_TINKER_ID_VALUE'
* package meta file gen. path is assets/package_meta.txt in patch file
* you can use securityCheck.getPackageProperties() in your ownPackageCheck method
* or TinkerLoadResult.getPackageConfigByName
* we will get the TINKER_ID from the old apk manifest for you automatic,
* other config files (such as patchMessage below)is not necessary
*/
configField("patchMessage", "tinker is sample to use")
/**
* just a sample case, you can use such as sdkVersion, brand, channel...
* you can parse it in the SamplePatchListener.
* Then you can use patch conditional!
*/
configField("platform", "all")
/**
* patch version via packageConfig
*/
configField("patchVersion", "1.0")
}
//or you can add config filed outside, or get meta value from old apk
//project.tinkerPatch.packageConfig.configField("test1", project.tinkerPatch.packageConfig.getMetaDataFromOldApk("Test"))
//project.tinkerPatch.packageConfig.configField("test2", "sample")

/**
* if you don't use zipArtifact or path, we just use 7za to try
*/
sevenZip {
/**
* optional，default '7za'
* the 7zip artifact path, it will use the right 7za with your platform
*/
zipArtifact = "com.tencent.mm:SevenZip:1.1.10"
/**
* optional，default '7za'
* you can specify the 7za path yourself, it will overwrite the zipArtifact value
*/
//        path = "/usr/local/bin/7za"
}
}

List<String> flavors = new ArrayList<>();
project.android.productFlavors.each {flavor ->
flavors.add(flavor.name)
}
boolean hasFlavors = flavors.size() > 0
/**
* bak apk and mapping
*/
android.applicationVariants.all { variant ->
/**
* task type, you want to bak
*/
def taskName = variant.name
def date = new Date().format("MMdd-HH-mm-ss")

tasks.all {
if ("assemble${taskName.capitalize()}".equalsIgnoreCase(it.name)) {

it.doLast {
copy {
def fileNamePrefix = "${project.name}-${variant.baseName}"
def newFileNamePrefix = hasFlavors ? "${fileNamePrefix}" : "${fileNamePrefix}-${date}"

def destPath = hasFlavors ? file("${bakPath}/${project.name}-${date}/${variant.flavorName}") : bakPath
from variant.outputs.outputFile
into destPath
rename { String fileName ->
fileName.replace("${fileNamePrefix}.apk", "${newFileNamePrefix}.apk")
}

from "${buildDir}/outputs/mapping/${variant.dirName}/mapping.txt"
into destPath
rename { String fileName ->
fileName.replace("mapping.txt", "${newFileNamePrefix}-mapping.txt")
}

from "${buildDir}/intermediates/symbols/${variant.dirName}/R.txt"
into destPath
rename { String fileName ->
fileName.replace("R.txt", "${newFileNamePrefix}-R.txt")
}
}
}
}
}
}
project.afterEvaluate {
//sample use for build all flavor for one time
if (hasFlavors) {
task(tinkerPatchAllFlavorRelease) {
group = 'tinker'
def originOldPath = getTinkerBuildFlavorDirectory()
for (String flavor : flavors) {
def tinkerTask = tasks.getByName("tinkerPatch${flavor.capitalize()}Release")
dependsOn tinkerTask
def preAssembleTask = tasks.getByName("process${flavor.capitalize()}ReleaseManifest")
preAssembleTask.doFirst {
String flavorName = preAssembleTask.name.substring(7, 8).toLowerCase() + preAssembleTask.name.substring(8, preAssembleTask.name.length() - 15)
project.tinkerPatch.oldApk = "${originOldPath}/${flavorName}/${project.name}-${flavorName}-release.apk"
project.tinkerPatch.buildConfig.applyMapping = "${originOldPath}/${flavorName}/${project.name}-${flavorName}-release-mapping.txt"
project.tinkerPatch.buildConfig.applyResourceMapping = "${originOldPath}/${flavorName}/${project.name}-${flavorName}-release-R.txt"

}

}
}

task(tinkerPatchAllFlavorDebug) {
group = 'tinker'
def originOldPath = getTinkerBuildFlavorDirectory()
for (String flavor : flavors) {
def tinkerTask = tasks.getByName("tinkerPatch${flavor.capitalize()}Debug")
dependsOn tinkerTask
def preAssembleTask = tasks.getByName("process${flavor.capitalize()}DebugManifest")
preAssembleTask.doFirst {
String flavorName = preAssembleTask.name.substring(7, 8).toLowerCase() + preAssembleTask.name.substring(8, preAssembleTask.name.length() - 13)
project.tinkerPatch.oldApk = "${originOldPath}/${flavorName}/${project.name}-${flavorName}-debug.apk"
project.tinkerPatch.buildConfig.applyMapping = "${originOldPath}/${flavorName}/${project.name}-${flavorName}-debug-mapping.txt"
project.tinkerPatch.buildConfig.applyResourceMapping = "${originOldPath}/${flavorName}/${project.name}-${flavorName}-debug-R.txt"
}

}
}
}
}

关于各个参数信息大家可以参考接入指南

然后新建一个类继承TinkerApplication：

public class OneApplicationForTinker extends TinkerApplication {
public OneApplicationForTinker() {
super(
//tinkerFlags, tinker支持的类型，dex,library，还是全部都支持！
ShareConstants.TINKER_ENABLE_ALL,
//ApplicationLike的实现类，只能传递字符串,不能使用class.getName()
"com.juyao.tinkertest.MyApplication",
//加载Tinker的主类名，对于特殊需求可能需要使用自己的加载类。需要注意的是：
//这个类以及它使用的类都是不能被补丁修改的，并且我们需要将它们加到dex.loader[]中。
//一般来说，我们使用默认即可。
"com.tencent.tinker.loader.TinkerLoader",
//由于合成过程中我们已经校验了各个文件的Md5，并将它们存放在/data/data/..目录中。
// 默认每次加载时我们并不会去校验tinker文件的Md5,但是你也可通过开启loadVerifyFlag强制每次加载时校验，
// 但是这会带来一定的时间损耗。
false);
}
}

修改AndroidManifest.xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.juyao.tinkertest">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<application
android:name=".OneApplicationForTinker"
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
<activity android:name=".MainActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>

<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/>
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>

</manifest>

（注意要新增文件读取权限）

然后新建一个Application主类MyApplication继承DefaultApplicationLike，并且实现onBaseContextAttached方法：

public class MyApplication extends DefaultApplicationLike {
public MyApplication(Application application, int tinkerFlags, boolean tinkerLoadVerifyFlag, long applicationStartElapsedTime, long applicationStartMillisTime, Intent tinkerResultIntent, Resources[] resources, ClassLoader[] classLoader, AssetManager[] assetManager) {
super(application, tinkerFlags, tinkerLoadVerifyFlag, applicationStartElapsedTime, applicationStartMillisTime, tinkerResultIntent, resources, classLoader, assetManager);
}

@Override
public void onBaseContextAttached(Context base) {
super.onBaseContextAttached(base);
TinkerInstaller.install(this);//Tinker 初始化
}
}

配置完如上信息，现在开始写代码。首先写一个如图的样式布局：



xml代码：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:id="@+id/activity_main"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context="com.juyao.tinkertest.MainActivity">

<Button
android:text="显示名字"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="17dp"
android:id="@+id/btn_show_name"
android:layout_below="@+id/editText"
android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
android:layout_alignParentStart="true"/>

<Button
android:text="加载Patch"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="11dp"
android:id="@+id/btn_load_patch"
android:layout_below="@+id/btn_show_name"
android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
android:layout_alignParentStart="true"/>

<EditText
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:inputType="textPersonName"
android:text=""
android:ems="10"
android:id="@+id/editText"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
android:layout_alignParentStart="true"/>
</RelativeLayout>

MainActivity代码：

package com.juyao.tinkertest;

import android.os.Environment;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;

import com.tencent.tinker.lib.tinker.TinkerInstaller;

import java.io.File;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private static final String TAG = MainActivity.class.getSimpleName();
EditText etUserName;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//Log.e(TAG,"i am on patch log");
//etUserName= (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText);
findViewById(R.id.btn_show_name).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
String name = etUserName.getText().toString();
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"输入的名字为:" + name,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});

findViewById(R.id.btn_load_patch).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
String patchPath  = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + "/patch_signed_7zip.apk";
File file = new File(patchPath);
if (file.exists()) {
Log.v(TAG,"补丁文件存在");
TinkerInstaller.onReceiveUpgradePatch(getApplicationContext(), patchPath);
} else {
Log.v(TAG,"补丁文件不存在");
}
}
});
}
}

以上



这两行代码是注释掉的，所以必定运行起来必定会报空指针异常。

下面执行gradle assembleDebug 命令，执行完成后，会在app/build 路径下面会生成一个bakApk文件夹，里面有个app-debug-0105-09-44-52.apk文件，将这个apk文件安装到手机里运行，不出所料，点击“显示名字”按钮，应用发生了闪退，日志信息报空指针异常。

然后将刚才注释的两行代码取消注释，将app/build.gradle文件里的



这个文件名修改成刚刚生成的文件名，接着在命令行运行gradle tinkerPatchDebug命令，如果报

* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':app:tinkerPatchDebug'.
> old apk /Users/juyao/AndroidStudioProjects/TinkerTest/app/build/bakApk/app-debug-0104-16-57-35.apk is not exist, you must set the correct old apk value!

这个错误，那就是上述没有修改文件名。

执行完成后，在app/build/outputs下会生成一个tinkerPatch文件夹，将tinkerPatch/debug文件夹下的patch_signed_7zip.apk补丁文件放到手机根目录下（其实只要跟代码里的文件路径保持一致就行），然后点击“加载PATCH”按钮，这里有个坑，希望大家注意，Android6.0以上需要手动申请权限，不然会报如下错误：

Throwable:Tinker Exception:ShareSecurityCheck file /storage/emulated/0/patch_signed_7zip.apk, size 1959 verifyPatchMetaSignature fail

加载补丁成功后，日志会输出

DefaultTinkerResultService received a result: PatchResult: isSuccess：true rawPatchFilePath:/storage/emulated/0/patch_signed_7zip.apk costTime:49

这时候应用会重新运行，点击“显示名字按钮”，就能正常Toast消息了。补丁安装成功。

以上就是第一次接触Tinker的流程，适合第一次接触Tinker的阅读人群，关于一些细节，后面还会详细与大家交流，比如补丁加载成功失败的监听，大家也可以去看官方文档，么么哒～～今天就到这里，想要源码的话就可以联系邮箱juyao0909@gmail.com