SqlServer和Oracle中一些常用的sql语句1

insert into city
--找出Hotel表中不存在于city表中的城市名
select DISTINCT rtrim(ltrim(cityname)) from Hotel e WHERE not EXISTS
(SELECT * FROM city eb WHERE eb.cityname=e.cityname)

--------------------------------Insert---------------------------------
-- 多条数据一次insert插入
INSERT INTO table1
SELECT '张三1','aaa','90' union all
SELECT '张三2','aaa','90' union all
SELECT '张三3','aaa','90'

/*
INSERT INTO SELECT语句
语句形式为：Insert into Table2(field1,field2,...) select value1,value2,... from Table1
要求目标表Table2必须存在，由于目标表Table2已经存在，所以我们除了插入源表Table1的字段外，还可以插入常量。示例如下：
INSERT INTO SELECT语句复制表数据
*/
--1.创建测试表
create TABLE Table1
(
a varchar(10),
b varchar(10),
c varchar(10),
CONSTRAINT [PK_Table1] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
a ASC
)
) ON [PRIMARY]

create TABLE Table2
(
a varchar(10),
c varchar(10),
d int,
CONSTRAINT [PK_Table2] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
a ASC
)
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
--2.创建测试数据
Insert into Table1 values('赵','asds','90')
Insert into Table1 values('钱','asds','100')
Insert into Table1 values('孙','asds','80')
Insert into Table1 values('李','asds',null)
GO
select * from Table2

--3.INSERT INTO SELECT语句复制表数据
Insert into Table2(a, c, d) select a,c,5 from Table1
GO

--4.显示更新后的结果
select * from Table2
GO
/* 结果
a   c       d
李	NULL	5
钱	100		5
孙	80		5
赵	90		5
*/
--5.删除测试表
drop TABLE Table1
drop TABLE Table2

/*
SELECT INTO FROM语句
语句形式为：SELECT vale1, value2 into Table2 from Table1
要求目标表Table2不存在，因为在插入时会自动创建表Table2，并将Table1中指定字段数据复制到Table2中。示例如下：
SELECT INTO FROM创建表并复制表数据
*/
--1.创建测试表
create TABLE Table1
(
a varchar(10),
b varchar(10),
c varchar(10),
CONSTRAINT [PK_Table1] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
a ASC
)
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO

--2.创建测试数据
Insert into Table1 values('赵','asds','90')
Insert into Table1 values('钱','asds','100')
Insert into Table1 values('孙','asds','80')
Insert into Table1 values('李','asds',null)
GO

--3.SELECT INTO FROM语句创建表Table2并复制数据
select a,c INTO Table2 from Table1
GO

--4.显示更新后的结果
select * from Table2
GO
/*
a   c
李	NULL
钱	100
孙	80
赵	90
*/
--5.删除测试表
drop TABLE Table1
drop TABLE Table2

-- 根据表Adjustment中的记录删除Emp_Bak中对应的数据
DELETE Emp_Bak E
WHERE EXISTS
(
SELECT 'X'
FROM Adjustment A
WHERE E.Emp_Id = A.Emp_Id
)

DELETE Emp_Bak E
WHERE Emp_Id IN
(
SELECT A.Emp_Id
FROM Adjustment A
WHERE E.Emp_Id = A.Emp_Id
)

--103, ORACLE 中删除表Emp_Bak中重复数据
--JOIN
DELETE Emp_Bak D
WHERE ROWID >
(
SELECT MIN(ROWID)
FROM Emp_Bak R
WHERE D.Emp_Id = R.Emp_Id
)

--NOT IN
DELETE Emp_Bak D
WHERE ROWID NOT IN
(
SELECT MIN(ROWID)
FROM Emp_Bak R
GROUP BY R.Emp_Id
)

--104, SQL SERVER 删除重复数据 分三步 首先将非重复数据存储到临时表,然后清空原数据表,最后将临时表数据存回原数据表
--STEP01
SELECT DISTINCT Emp_id, Emp_Name
,Dept_id, Mobile, Ext
,Salary, Email, Date_Update
INTO #Emp_Bak
FROM Emp_Bak

--STEP02
TRUNCATE TABLE Emp_Bak

--STEP03
INSERT INTO Emp_Bak
SELECT Emp_id, Emp_Name
,Dept_id ,Mobile, Ext
,Salary, Email
, GETDATE() Date_Create --
FROM #Emp_Bak

------------------------------4.5------------------------------------
--105, ORACLE, 删除大量数据时 可能导致数据库事务日志文件急剧扩展,甚至无法继续进行事务处理等问题,可用分批删除数据方法
DECLARE
n NUMBER;
BEGIN
LOOP
EXIT WHEN n=0;
DELETE EMP_BAK
WHERE ROWNUM<=5
AND Dept_Id Like 'I%';
n :=SQL%ROWCOUNT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( n );
COMMIT;
END LOOP;
END;

--105, SQL SERVER,
WHILE (@@ROWCOUNT>0)
BEGIN
DELETE TOP(5)
FROM Emp_Bak
WHERE Dept_Id Like 'I%'
END

--------------------------------

------------------------------5.1------------------------------------
--117
SELECT
TO_CHAR(DATE'-4712-01-01', 'J')  "JDay(Base)"
, TO_CHAR(DATE'2010-01-01', 'J') "JDay"
, (TO_CHAR(DATE'2010-01-01', 'J')
-TO_CHAR(DATE'-4712-01-01', 'J'))/365.25 Diff
FROM DUAL

--117
SELECT DATE'2010-03-17' Today
, TIMESTAMP '2010-3-17 8:28:40' Now
FROM DUAL

------------------------------5.4------------------------------------
--124, ORACLE
SELECT
NVL(A, '新值')        "test1.A"
, COALESCE(A, '新值')"test1.B"
, COALESCE(A, B, C)  "test2.A"
, NVL(A, NVL(B, C))  "test2.B"
FROM
(
SELECT NULL A
, NULL B
, '非NULL' C
FROM DUAL
)

--124, SQL SERVER
SELECT
ISNULL(A, '新值')          "test1.A"
, COALESCE(A, '新值')      "test1.B"
, COALESCE(A, B, C)        "test2.A"
, ISNULL(A, ISNULL(B, C))  "test2.B"
FROM
(
SELECT NULL A
, NULL B
, '非NULL' C
) A

--125

--SQL SERVER
SELECT VAL
, NULLIF(VAL, 0) "NULLIF(VAL, 0)"
FROM
(
SELECT 0 VAL
--FROM DUAL
UNION ALL
SELECT 20 VAL
--FROM DUAL
) A

--ORACLE
SELECT VAL
, NULLIF(VAL, 0) "NULLIF(VAL, 0)"
FROM
(
SELECT 0 VAL
FROM DUAL
UNION ALL
SELECT 20 VAL
FROM DUAL
) A

--mssql去空格
SELECT REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(CAST('abc def ghi cd e' AS VARCHAR),CHAR(13) + CHAR(10),''),CHAR(13),''),CHAR(10),''),' ','')

-- 查询table1中 city相同数目大于1的 且text字段为空
select  * from table1 where city in
(select city  from table1  group by city having count(*)>1)
and text is null

--SQL：删除重复数据，只保留一条
--在几千条记录里,存在着些相同的记录,如何能用SQL语句,删除掉重复的呢
--1、查找表中多余的重复记录，重复记录是根据单个字段（peopleId）来判断
select * from people
where peopleId in (select peopleId from people group by peopleId having count(peopleId) > 1)

--2、删除表中多余的重复记录，重复记录是根据单个字段（peopleId）来判断，只留有rowid最小的记录
delete from people
where   peopleName in (select peopleName    from people group by peopleName      having count(peopleName) > 1)
and   peopleId not in (select min(peopleId) from people group by peopleName     having count(peopleName)>1)

--3、查找表中多余的重复记录（多个字段）
select * from vitae a
where (a.peopleId,a.seq) in (select peopleId,seq from vitae group by peopleId,seq having count(*) > 1)

--4、删除表中多余的重复记录（多个字段），只留有rowid最小的记录
delete from vitae a
where (a.peopleId,a.seq) in (select peopleId,seq from vitae group by peopleId,seq having count(*) > 1)
and rowid not in (select min(rowid) from vitae group by peopleId,seq having count(*)>1)

--5、查找表中多余的重复记录（多个字段），不包含rowid最小的记录
select * from vitae a
where (a.peopleId,a.seq) in (select peopleId,seq from vitae group by peopleId,seq having count(*) > 1)
and rowid not in (select min(rowid) from vitae group by peopleId,seq having count(*)>1)

--6.消除一个字段的左边的第一位：

update tableName set [Title]=Right([Title],(len([Title])-1)) where Title like '村%'

--7.消除一个字段的右边的第一位：

update tableName set [Title]=left([Title],(len([Title])-1)) where Title like '%村'

--8.假删除表中多余的重复记录（多个字段），不包含rowid最小的记录
update vitae set ispass=-1
where peopleId in (select peopleId from vitae group by peopleId,seq having count(*) > 1) and seq in （select seq from vitae group by peopleId,seq having count(*) > 1）
and rowid not in (select min(rowid) from vitae group by peopleId,seq having count(*)>1)