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Django学习系列之Form表单结合ajax

2016-12-27 23:49 489 查看

Forms结合ajax

Forms的验证流程:

定义用户输入规则的类,字段的值必须等于html中name属性的值(pwd= forms.CharField(required=True)=<input type="password" name="pwd"/>,也就是说pwd=pwd)

把用户提交的数据交给规则的类处理

规则的类会判断用户输入的内容是否符合定义的规则

如果正确就把用户输入的内容以字典的形式存储,否则把报错信息以字典的形式存储

简单的Django-Form表单验证

定义urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from cmdb import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^login/', views.login),
]

定义views.py

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
import json
from django import forms

#定义用户输入的规则
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
user = forms.CharField(required=True)  #定义login.html中input标签中name=user的标签规则
pwd  = forms.CharField(required=True)  #定义login.html中input标签中name=pwd的标签规则

def login(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
obj = LoginForm(request.POST) #把login.html中用户输入的内容封装到LoginForm类交给它处理
ret = obj.is_valid()          #如果提交的数据符合LoginForm中的规则,则返回True,否则返回False
if ret:
print(obj.clean())        #如果符合规则以字典的形式打印出用户提交的数据
else:
print(obj.errors)         #如果不符合规则以字典的形式打印出错误
return render(request,'login.html')

定义login.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<div>
<input type="text" name="user"/>
</div>
<div>
<input type="password" name="pwd"/>
</div>
<input type="button" value="提交" onclick="DoSubmit();"/>
</div>
<script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script>
<script>
var input_dict = {};
function DoSubmit() {
$("input").each(function () {     #相当于for循环所有input标签
var v = $(this).val();        #获取循环到当前input标签的内容
var n = $(this).attr('name'); #获取循环到当前input标签的属性值,name=user,user就是属性值,name=pwd,pwd就是属性值
input_dict
= v;            #生成字典:{'属性值':'标签输入的内容'},{'pwd':111}
});
console.log(input_dict);
$.ajax({
url:'/login/',
type:'POST',
data:input_dict,
success:function (data) {
console.log(data);
},
error:function () {

}
})
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

ModelForm结合ajax

需求:

修改个人信息,如果有字段没填写就报错,如果字段填写没问题就保存到数据库

urls.py

url(r'^info/$',views.UserInfoView.as_view(),name='user_info'),

models.py

class UserProfile(AbstractUser):
nick_name = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name='昵称',default='')
birday = models.DateField(null=True,blank=True,verbose_name='生日')
choice_gender = (
("male","男"),
("female","女"),
)
gender = models.CharField(choices=choice_gender,default='female',max_length=6,verbose_name='性别')
address = models.CharField(max_length=100,default='',verbose_name='地址')
mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11,null=True,blank=True,verbose_name='手机号')
image = models.ImageField(upload_to='image/%Y/%m',default='image/default.png',max_length=100)

class Meta:
verbose_name = "用户信息"
verbose_name_plural = "用户信息"

def __str__(self):
return self.username

forms.py

from users.models import *

class UserInfoForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = UserProfile
fields = ['nick_name','birday','gender','address','mobile']

views.py

class UserInfoView(LoginRequiredMixin,View):
def get(self,request):
return render(request,'usercenter-info.html',{})
def post(self,request):
res = dict()
userinfo = UserInfoForm(request.POST,instance=request.user)
if userinfo.is_valid():
userinfo.save()
res['status']  = 'success'
else:
res = userinfo.errors
print(json.dumps(res))
# 假如address字段信息未填写,报错信息是这样的:     "address": ["这个字段是必填项"]}
return  HttpResponse(json.dumps(res),content_type='application/json')

userinfo.html

<form class="perinform" id="jsEditUserForm" autocomplete="off">
<ul class="right">
<li>昵       称：
<input type="text" name="nick_name" id="nick_name" value="{{ request.user.nick_name }}" maxlength="10">
<i class="error-tips"></i>
</li>
<li>生       日：
<input type="text" id="birth_day" name="birday" value="{{ request.user.birday }}" readonly="readonly"/>
<i class="error-tips"></i>
</li>
<li>性       别：
<label>     <input type="radio"  name="gender" value="male" {% ifequal request.user.gender  'male' %}checked{% endifequal %} >男</label>
<label>      <input type="radio" name="gender" value="female" {% ifequal request.user.geder  'female' %}checked{% endifequal %}>女</label>
</li>
<li class="p_infor_city">地       址：
<input type="text" name="address" id="address" placeholder="请输入你的地址" value="{{ request.user.address }}" maxlength="10">
<i class="error-tips"></i>
</li>
<li>手  机  号：
<input type="text" name="mobile" id="mobile" placeholder="请输入你的手机号码" value="{{ request.user.mobile|default_if_none:'' }}" maxlength="10">
</li>
<li>邮       箱：
<input class="borderno" type="text" name="email" readonly="readonly" value="{{ request.user.email }}"/>
<span class="green changeemai_btn">[修改]</span>
</li>
<li class="button heibtn">
<input type="button" id="jsEditUserBtn" value="保存">
</li>
</ul>
{% csrf_token %}
</form>

$('#jsEditUserBtn').on('click', function(){
var _self = $(this),
$jsEditUserForm = $('#jsEditUserForm')
verify = verifySubmit(
[
{id: '#nick_name', tips: Dml.Msg.epNickName, require: true}
]
);
if(!verify){
return;
}
$.ajax({
cache: false,
type: 'post',
dataType:'json',
url:"/users/info/",
data:$jsEditUserForm.serialize(),   #把form表单填写的内容序列化成json
async: true,
beforeSend:function(XMLHttpRequest){
_self.val("保存中...");
_self.attr('disabled',true);
},
success: function(data) {
if(data.nick_name){
_showValidateError($('#nick_name'), data.nick_name);  #假如nick_name字段未填写报错是这样的:{"nick_name":{"这个字段是必填项"}},所以如果nick_name字段有报错就能获取到报错信息然后展示,birth_dat字段也同理,
}else if(data.birday){
_showValidateError($('#birth_day'), data.birday);
}else if(data.address){
_showValidateError($('#address'), data.address);
}else if(data.status == "failure"){
Dml.fun.showTipsDialog({
title: '保存失败',
h2: data.msg
});
}else if(data.status == "success"){
Dml.fun.showTipsDialog({
title: '保存成功',
h2: '个人信息修改成功！'
});
setTimeout(function(){window.location.href = window.location.href;},1500);
}
},
complete: function(XMLHttpRequest){
_self.val("保存");
_self.removeAttr("disabled");
}
});
});

效果

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