SpringBoot、MyBatis配置多数据源XML方法

转载请注明来源-作者@loongshawn：http://blog.csdn.net/loongshawn/article/details/52164730

1、介绍

开发中有时候会碰到使用多个数据源的情况，这种情况也分两种不同的业务场景：

(1)、多个数据源是各自独立的，可以把它当作不同的项目来开发。比如一个是业务1的数据库，另一个是业务2的数据库。

(2)、多个数据源之间是主从关系(master-slave)，其中一个数据库是master库，另外几个是slave库，从库需要同步主库的更新及变化。

2、背景

当前我的业务是在同一个工程中，接入另外一个数据库，提供计算与API服务，与当前工程所使用的库没有关联，两个数据库独立，所以我只需要针对上述场景(1)调整配置即可。

3、配置

3.1、修改application-dev.properties文件

修改application-dev.properties文件，新增数据库配置地址及权限。

单一库时的配置：

# mysql第一数据源
spring.datasource.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test_2
spring.datasource.username=test
spring.datasource.password=test
spring.datasource.initialSize=10
spring.datasource.maxActive=99
spring.datasource.maxIdle=20
spring.datasource.minIdle=9
spring.datasource.removeAbandoned=true
spring.datasource.removeAbandonedTimeout=180
spring.datasource.maxWait=60000
spring.datasource.validationQuery=select 1 from dual
spring.datasource.testOnBorrow=true
spring.datasource.connectionProperties=clientEncoding=UTF-8

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新增一个库后的配置：

＃ mysql第一数据源
spring.datasource.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test_1
spring.datasource.username=test
spring.datasource.password=test
spring.datasource.initialSize=10
spring.datasource.maxActive=99
spring.datasource.maxIdle=20
spring.datasource.minIdle=9
spring.datasource.removeAbandoned=true
spring.datasource.removeAbandonedTimeout=180
spring.datasource.maxWait=60000
spring.datasource.validationQuery=select 1 from dual
spring.datasource.testOnBorrow=true
spring.datasource.connectionProperties=clientEncoding=UTF-8

＃ mysql第二数据源
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test_2
spring.datasource.username=test
spring.datasource.password=test

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说明：第二个数据源中只需要修改数据库地址及权限即可，数据库的基本配置参数可与数据源一公用。

3.2、修改applicationContext.xml文件

原来单一数据源时的文件内容：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.0.xsd"> 
<bean id="properties"
class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
<property name="locations">
<list>
<value>classpath:spring/config/application-dev.properties</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders" value="true" />
</bean>

<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource"
destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${spring.datasource.driverClassName}" />
<property name="url" value="${spring.datasource.url}" />
<property name="username" value="${spring.datasource.username}" />
<property name="password" value="${spring.datasource.password}" />
<property name="initialSize" value="${spring.datasource.initialSize}" />
<property name="maxActive" value="${spring.datasource.maxActive}" />
<property name="maxIdle" value="${spring.datasource.maxIdle}" />
<property name="minIdle" value="${spring.datasource.minIdle}" />
<property name="removeAbandoned" value="${spring.datasource.removeAbandoned}" />
<property name="removeAbandonedTimeout" value="${spring.datasource.removeAbandonedTimeout}" />
<property name="maxWait" value="${spring.datasource.maxWait}" />
<property name="validationQuery" value="${spring.datasource.validationQuery}" />
<property name="testOnBorrow" value="${spring.datasource.testOnBorrow}" />
<property name="connectionProperties" value="${spring.datasource.connectionProperties}" />
</bean>

<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath*:com/autonavi/dao/impl/mapper/*.xml" />
<property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.autonavi.domain" />
</bean>

<!-- mybatis.spring自动映射 -->
<bean id="mybatisMapperScanner" class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="com.autonavi.dao.impl.mapper" />
<!--<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory" />-->
</bean>

<bean id="springContextUtil" class="com.autonavi.utils.MyApplicationContextUtil"/>

<bean id="appErrorController" class="com.autonavi.controller.AppErrorController"/>

<!-- Enables the Spring Task @Scheduled programming model -->
<task:executor id="executor" pool-size="10" />
<task:scheduler id="scheduler" pool-size="20" />
<task:annotation-driven executor="executor" scheduler="scheduler" />

<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
<property name="exceptionMappings">
<props>
<prop key="org.apache.shiro.authz.UnauthenticatedException">pages/403</prop>
<prop key="org.apache.shiro.authz.UnauthorizedException">pages/403</prop>
<prop key="org.apache.shiro.authc.LockedAccountException">pages/locked</prop>
<prop key="java.lang.Throwable">pages/500</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>

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新增数据源后的文件内容：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.0.xsd"> 
<bean id="properties"
class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
<property name="locations">
<list>
<value>classpath:spring/config/application-dev.properties</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders" value="true" />
</bean>

<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource"
destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${spring.datasource.driverClassName}" />
<property name="url" value="${spring.datasource.url}" />
<property name="username" value="${spring.datasource.username}" />
<property name="password" value="${spring.datasource.password}" />
<property name="initialSize" value="${spring.datasource.initialSize}" />
<property name="maxActive" value="${spring.datasource.maxActive}" />
<property name="maxIdle" value="${spring.datasource.maxIdle}" />
<property name="minIdle" value="${spring.datasource.minIdle}" />
<property name="removeAbandoned" value="${spring.datasource.removeAbandoned}" />
<property name="removeAbandonedTimeout" value="${spring.datasource.removeAbandonedTimeout}" />
<property name="maxWait" value="${spring.datasource.maxWait}" />
<property name="validationQuery" value="${spring.datasource.validationQuery}" />
<property name="testOnBorrow" value="${spring.datasource.testOnBorrow}" />
<property name="connectionProperties" value="${spring.datasource.connectionProperties}" />
</bean>

<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath*:com/autonavi/dao/impl/mapper/*.xml" />
<property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.autonavi.domain" />
</bean>

<!-- mybatis.spring自动映射 -->
<bean id="mybatisMapperScanner" class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="com.autonavi.dao.impl.mapper" />
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory" />
</bean>

<!-- 第二个数据源配置 -->
<bean id="dataSource2" class="org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource"
destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${spring.datasource.driverClassName}" />
<property name="url" value="${spring.datasource.url2}" />
<property name="username" value="${spring.datasource.username2}" />
<property name="password" value="${spring.datasource.password2}" />
<property name="initialSize" value="${spring.datasource.initialSize}" />
<property name="maxActive" value="${spring.datasource.maxActive}" />
<property name="maxIdle" value="${spring.datasource.maxIdle}" />
<property name="minIdle" value="${spring.datasource.minIdle}" />
<property name="removeAbandoned" value="${spring.datasource.removeAbandoned}" />
<property name="removeAbandonedTimeout" value="${spring.datasource.removeAbandonedTimeout}" />
<property name="maxWait" value="${spring.datasource.maxWait}" />
<property name="validationQuery" value="${spring.datasource.validationQuery}" />
<property name="testOnBorrow" value="${spring.datasource.testOnBorrow}" />
<property name="connectionProperties" value="${spring.datasource.connectionProperties}" />
</bean>

<bean id="sqlSessionFactory2" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource2" />
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath*:com/autonavi/dao/impl/mapper2/*.xml" />
<property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.autonavi.domain" />
</bean>

<!-- mybatis.spring自动映射 -->
<bean id="mybatisMapperScanner2" class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="com.autonavi.dao.impl.mapper2.pmp" />
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory2" />
</bean>

<bean id="springContextUtil" class="com.autonavi.utils.MyApplicationContextUtil"/>

<bean id="appErrorController" class="com.autonavi.controller.AppErrorController"/>

<!-- Enables the Spring Task @Scheduled programming model -->
<task:executor id="executor" pool-size="10" />
<task:scheduler id="scheduler" pool-size="20" />
<task:annotation-driven executor="executor" scheduler="scheduler" />

<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
<property name="exceptionMappings">
<props>
<prop key="org.apache.shiro.authz.UnauthenticatedException">pages/403</prop>
<prop key="org.apache.shiro.authz.UnauthorizedException">pages/403</prop>
<prop key="org.apache.shiro.authc.LockedAccountException">pages/locked</prop>
<prop key="java.lang.Throwable">pages/500</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>

</beans>

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其中新增的配置如下，同时大家需要注意以下几点：
dataSource2、sqlSessionFactory2、mybatisMapperScanner2的名字改写，与数据源一不要一样。
在mybatisMapperScanner、mybatisMapperScanner2中添加属性sqlSessionFactoryBeanName，值为sqlSessionFactory、sqlSessionFactory2。

下面为新增的数据源配置：

<!-- 第二个数据源配置 -->
<bean id="dataSource2" class="org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource"
destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${spring.datasource.driverClassName}" />
<property name="url" value="${spring.datasource.url2}" />
<property name="username" value="${spring.datasource.username2}" />
<property name="password" value="${spring.datasource.password2}" />
<property name="initialSize" value="${spring.datasource.initialSize}" />
<property name="maxActive" value="${spring.datasource.maxActive}" />
<property name="maxIdle" value="${spring.datasource.maxIdle}" />
<property name="minIdle" value="${spring.datasource.minIdle}" />
<property name="removeAbandoned" value="${spring.datasource.removeAbandoned}" />
<property name="removeAbandonedTimeout" value="${spring.datasource.removeAbandonedTimeout}" />
<property name="maxWait" value="${spring.datasource.maxWait}" />
<property name="validationQuery" value="${spring.datasource.validationQuery}" />
<property name="testOnBorrow" value="${spring.datasource.testOnBorrow}" />
<property name="connectionProperties" value="${spring.datasource.connectionProperties}" />
</bean>

<bean id="sqlSessionFactory2" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource2" />
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath*:com/autonavi/dao/impl/mapper2/*.xml" />
<property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.autonavi.domain" />
</bean>

<!-- mybatis.spring自动映射 -->
<bean id="mybatisMapperScanner2" class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="com.autonavi.dao.impl.mapper2.pmp" />
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory2" />
</bean>

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如上所示，我们分别配置了两个 dataSource，两个sqlSessionFactory，两个mybatisMapperScanner，以及关键的地方在于MapperScannerConfigurer 的配置——使用sqlSessionFactoryBeanName属性，注入不同的sqlSessionFactory的名称，这样的话，就为不同的数据库对应的 mapper 接口注入了对应的 sqlSessionFactory。

4、测试

4.1、测试要求

工程运行后，可同时连接2个数据库进行相关业务操作。

4.2、新建测试用例

新建测试类QuarterTest，其中quarterMapper来自数据源一，projectMapper来自数据源二：

public class QuarterTest {

private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(QuarterTest.class);

@Autowired
private QuarterMapper quarterMapper;

public void action(){

// no.1 初始化工作
quarterMapper = MyApplicationContextUtil.getBean("quarterMapper");
ProjectMapper projectMapper = MyApplicationContextUtil.getBean("projectMapper");

List<Version> list1 = quarterMapper.selectQuarters();
List<Version> list2 = projectMapper.selectQuarters();

logger.info("数据源1,size:{}",list1.size());
for(Version quarter : list1){

logger.info("QuarterTest.method [action]: info id:{},version_name:{},year:{},fiscal_year:{}", quarter.getId(),quarter.getVersion_name(),quarter.getYear(),quarter.getFiscal_year());
}
logger.info("数据源2,size:{}",list2.size());
for(Version quarter : list2){

logger.info("QuarterTest.method [action]: info id:{},version_name:{},year:{},fiscal_year:{}", quarter.getId(),quarter.getVersion_name(),quarter.getYear(),quarter.getFiscal_year());
}
}

}

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4.3、测试结果

(1)工程运行正常





(2)任务执行结果

第一个数据源查询结果为45条记录：



第二个数据源查询结果为29条记录：



Console输出结果：

2016-08-09-14-22 [scheduler-3] [com.autonavi.task.ScheduledTasks] [INFO] - ScheduledTest.executeFileDownLoadTask 定时任务1:17,name:scheduler-3
2016-08-09-14-22 [scheduler-2] [java.sql.Connection] [DEBUG] - ooo Using Connection [ProxyConnection[PooledConnection[com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@56b5dd08]]]
2016-08-09-14-22 [scheduler-2] [java.sql.Connection] [DEBUG] - ==>  Preparing: SELECT id, version_name, year, fiscal_year FROM version_table
2016-08-09-14-22 [scheduler-2] [java.sql.PreparedStatement] [DEBUG] - ==> Parameters:
2016-08-09-14-22 [scheduler-2] [java.sql.Connection] [DEBUG] - ooo Using Connection [ProxyConnection[PooledConnection[com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@65e921a2]]]
2016-08-09-14-22 [scheduler-2] [java.sql.Connection] [DEBUG] - ==>  Preparing: SELECT id, version_name, year, fiscal_year FROM version_table
2016-08-09-14-22 [scheduler-2] [java.sql.PreparedStatement] [DEBUG] - ==> Parameters:
2016-08-09-14-22 [scheduler-2] [com.autonavi.method.pmp.QuarterTest] [INFO] - 数据源1,size:45
2016-08-09-14-22 [scheduler-2] [com.autonavi.method.pmp.QuarterTest] [INFO] - QuarterTest.method [action]: info id:1,version_name:2016Q1,year:2016,fiscal_year:2015
2016-08-09-14-22 [scheduler-2] [com.autonavi.method.pmp.QuarterTest] [INFO] - QuarterTest.method [action]: info id:2,version_name:2016Q2,year:2016,fiscal_year:2016
2016-08-09-14-22 [scheduler-2] [com.autonavi.method.pmp.QuarterTest] [INFO] - QuarterTest.method [action]: info id:3,version_name:2016Q3,year:2016,fiscal_year:2016
2016-08-09-14-22 [scheduler-2] [com.autonavi.method.pmp.QuarterTest] [INFO] - QuarterTest.method [action]: info id:4,version_name:2016Q4,year:2016,fiscal_year:2016
2016-08-09-14-22 [scheduler-2] [com.autonavi.method.pmp.QuarterTest] [INFO] - QuarterTest.method [action]: info id:5,version_name:2017Q1,year:2017,fiscal_year:2016
2016-08-09-14-22 [scheduler-2] [com.autonavi.method.pmp.QuarterTest] [INFO] - QuarterTest.method [action]: info id:6,version_name:2017Q2,year:2017,fiscal_year:2017
2016-08-09-14-22 [scheduler-2] [com.autonavi.method.pmp.QuarterTest] [INFO] - QuarterTest.method [action]: info id:7,version_name:2017Q3,year:2017,fiscal_year:2017
2016-08-09-14-22 [scheduler-2] [com.autonavi.method.pmp.QuarterTest] [INFO] - QuarterTest.method [action]: info id:8,version_name:2017Q4,year:2017,fiscal_year:2017
2016-08-09-14-22 [scheduler-2] [com.autonavi.method.pmp.QuarterTest] [INFO] - QuarterTest.method [action]: info id:9,version_name:2018Q1,year:2018,fiscal_year:2017
2016-08-09-14-22 [scheduler-2] [com.autonavi.method.pmp.QuarterTest] [INFO] - QuarterTest.method [action]: info id:10,version_name:2018Q2,year:2018,fiscal_year:2018
2016-08-09-14-22 [scheduler-2] [com.autonavi.method.pmp.QuarterTest] [INFO] - QuarterTest.method [action]: info id:11,version_name:2018Q3,year:2018,fiscal_year:2018
2016-08-09-14-22 [scheduler-2] [com.autonavi.method.pmp.QuarterTest] [INFO] - QuarterTest.method [action]: info id:12,version_name:2018Q4,year:2018,fiscal_year:2018
2016-08-09-14-22 [scheduler-2] [com.autonavi.method.pmp.QuarterTest] [INFO] - QuarterTest.method [action]: info id:13,version_name:2019Q1,year:2019,fiscal_year:2018
2016-08-09-14-22 [scheduler-2] [com.autonavi.method.pmp.QuarterTest] [INFO] - QuarterTest.method [action]: info id:14,version_name:2019Q2,year:2019,fiscal_year:2019
2016-08-09-14-22 [scheduler-2] [com.autonavi.method.pmp.QuarterTest] [INFO] - QuarterTest.method [action]: info id:15,version_name:2019Q3,year:2019,fiscal_year:2019
2016-08-09-14-22 [scheduler-2] [com.autonavi.method.pmp.QuarterTest] [INFO] - QuarterTest.method [action]: info id:16,version_name:2019Q4,year:2019,fiscal_year:2019
2016-08-09-14-22 [scheduler-2] [com.autonavi.method.pmp.QuarterTest] [INFO] - QuarterTest.method [action]: info id:17,version_name:2020Q1,year:2020,fiscal_year:2019
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5、总结

上面的这种多数据源配置是不支持分布式事务的，也就是同一个事务中，不能操作多个数据库。这种配置方式的优点是很简单，但是却不灵活，需要依据业务场景来选择，如我当前的业务场景通过上述配置即可快速达成要求。

对于master-slave类型的多数据源配置而言不太适应，master-slave性的多数据源的配置，需要特别灵活，需要根据业务的类型进行细致的配置。比如对于一些耗时特别大的select语句，我们希望放到slave上执行，而对于update,delete等操作肯定是只能在master上执行的，另外对于一些实时性要求很高的select语句，我们也可能需要放到master上执行——比如一个场景是打游戏过程中，去商城购买一件兵器，购买操作的很定是master，同时购买完成之后，需要重新查询出我所拥有的兵器和金币，那么这个查询可能也需要防止master上执行，而不能放在slave上去执行，因为slave上可能存在延时，我们可不希望玩家发现购买成功之后，在背包中却找不到兵器的情况出现。

至于如何解决这种场景下的多数据库源配置，还有待继续学习。在此我整理了部分网络上的解决方案：

对于master-slave类型的多数据源的配置，需要根据业务来进行灵活的配置，哪些select可以放到slave上，哪些select不能放到slave上。所以上面的那种所数据源的配置就不太适应了，需要采用另外一套方式。即，利用基于 AbstractRoutingDataSource 和 AOP 的多数据源的配置。

其基本原理是，自己定义一个DataSource类ThreadLocalRountingDataSource，来继承AbstractRoutingDataSource，然后在配置文件中向ThreadLocalRountingDataSource注入 master 和 slave 的数据源，然后通过 AOP 来灵活配置，在哪些地方选择 master 数据源，在哪些地方需要选择 slave数据源。具体实现将会在后续文章中说明。