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iosNSMutableAttributedString 简单操作

2016-12-14 11:56 267 查看
// 打印系统中所有字体的类型名字
NSArray *familyNames = [UIFont familyNames];
for(NSString *familyName in familyNames ){
printf("Family: %s \n", [familyName UTF8String]);
NSArray *fontNames = [UIFont fontNamesForFamilyName:familyName];
for(NSString *fontName in fontNames) {
printf("\tFont: %s \n", [fontName UTF8String]);

}
}

//字符串简单处理(改变颜色字体大小)

方式一:直接处理字符串

 // 1.改变字符串里面某一范围的字体大小以及颜色

NSMutableAttributedString *attributed = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:str];

[attributed addAttribute:NSFontAttributeName value:[UIFont fontWithName:@"Zapfino" size:20] range:NSMakeRange(0, str.length)];

[attributed addAttribute:NSForegroundColorAttributeName value:[UIColor redColor] range:NSMakeRange(5, 2)];
label.attributedText = attributed;

// 2.改变字符串的字体颜色==直接对字符串Font和textColor的操作
NSDictionary *attrDict = @{NSFontAttributeName:[UIFont fontWithName: @"Zapfino" size: 15],
NSForegroundColorAttributeName:[UIColor blueColor]};

NSMutableAttributedString *attributed2 = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:str attributes:attrDict];
label.attributedText = attributed2;

方式二:分段处理(把字符串根据自己的需求进行分段分片处理)

  NSString *originStr = @"家里人今天的上课了国家的路口时根据法律的空格键";
//第一段
NSDictionary *attrDict1 = @{NSFontAttributeName:[UIFont fontWithName: @"Zapfino" size: 15],
NSForegroundColorAttributeName:[UIColor blueColor] };
NSAttributedString *attrStr1 = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: [originStr substringWithRange: NSMakeRange(0, 4)] attributes: attrDict1];

//第二段
NSDictionary *attrDict2 = @{NSFontAttributeName:[UIFont fontWithName: @"Zapfino" size: 15],
NSForegroundColorAttributeName:[UIColor redColor] };
NSAttributedString *attrStr2 = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: [originStr substringWithRange: NSMakeRange(4, 3)] attributes: attrDict2];

//第三段
NSDictionary *attrDict3 = @{NSFontAttributeName:[UIFont fontWithName: @"Zapfino" size: 15],
NSForegroundColorAttributeName:[UIColor blackColor] };
NSAttributedString *attrStr3 = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString:[originStr substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(7, originStr.length - 4 - 3)] attributes: attrDict3];

//合并

NSMutableAttributedString *attributedStr03 = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithAttributedString: attrStr1];
[attributedStr03 appendAttributedString: attrStr2];
[attributedStr03 appendAttributedString: attrStr3];

label.attributedText = attributedStr03;

注意:
// NSForegroundColorAttributeName设置的颜色与UILabel的textColor属性设置的颜色在地位上是相等的,谁最后赋值,最终显示的就是谁的颜色。

属性操作

  一.// NSForegroundColorAttributeName 设置字体颜色,取值为 UIColor,默认为黑色
// NSDictionary *attrDict1 = @{ NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor redColor] };
// NSDictionary *attrDict2 = @{ NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blueColor] };
// NSDictionary *attrDict3 = @{ NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor orangeColor] };

// label.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict1];
// label2.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict2];
// label3.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict3];

  二.//NSBackgroundColorAttributeName 设置字体所在区域背景的颜色,取值为UIColor,默认值为nil
// NSDictionary *attrDict4 = @{ NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor orangeColor] };
// NSDictionary *attrDict5 = @{ NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor redColor] };
// NSDictionary *attrDict6 = @{ NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor cyanColor] };

// label1.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict4];
// label2.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict5];
// label3.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict6];

注意:仔细观察会发现个问题,我并没有关闭 NSForegroundColorAttributeName 属性,但是在运行结果中,所有字体的颜色都变成了默认色——黑色,这说明 NSForegroundColorAttributeName 和NSBackgroundColorAttributeName 的低位是相等的,跟前面介绍的 textColor 一样,哪个属性最后一次赋值,就会冲掉前面的效果,若是我们把属性代码顺序交换一下

   //NSBackgroundColorAttributeName 设置字体所在区域背景的颜色,取值为UIColor,默认值为nil

// NSDictionary *attrDict4 = @{ NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor orangeColor] };
// NSDictionary *attrDict5 = @{ NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor redColor] };
// NSDictionary *attrDict6 = @{ NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor cyanColor] };

// label1.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict4];
// label2.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict5];
// label3.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict6];

  //NSForegroundColorAttributeName 设置字体颜色,取值为 UIColor,默认为黑色

// NSDictionary *attrDict1 = @{ NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor redColor] };
// NSDictionary *attrDict2 = @{ NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blueColor] };
// NSDictionary *attrDict3 = @{ NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor orangeColor] };

// label1.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict1];
// label2.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict2];
// label3.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict3];

// 但是textColor属性可以与 NSBackgroundColorAttributeName 属性叠加

// label1.textColor = [UIColor greenColor];
// label2.textColor = [UIColor yellowColor];
// label3.textColor = [UIColor blueColor];

   //NSForegroundColorAttributeName 设置字体颜色,取值为 UIColor,默认为黑色
//
// NSDictionary *attrDict1 = @{ NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor redColor] };
// NSDictionary *attrDict2 = @{ NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blueColor] };
// NSDictionary *attrDict3 = @{ NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor orangeColor] };
//
// label1.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict1];
// label2.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict2];
// label3.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict3];
//
//
  //NSBackgroundColorAttributeName 设置字体所在区域背景的颜色,取值为UIColor,默认值为nil
//
// NSDictionary *attrDict4 = @{ NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor orangeColor] };
// NSDictionary *attrDict5 = @{ NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor redColor] };
// NSDictionary *attrDict6 = @{ NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor cyanColor] };
//
// label1.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict4];
// label2.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict5];
// label3.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict6];

虽然 textColor 在 NSFontAttributeName 之前赋值,但是由于 NSFontAttributeName 的属性效果被NSBackgroundColorAttributeName 属性冲掉了,所以最终显示了 textColor 的颜色。

  3. NSLigatureAttributeName
//NSLigatureAttributeName 设置连体属性,取值为NSNumber 对象(整数),0 表示没有连体字符,1 表示使用默认的连体字符,
   2 表示使用所有连体符号,默认值为 1(iOS 不支持 2)
// NSString *ligatureStr = @"flush";
// NSDictionary *attrDict1 = @{ NSLigatureAttributeName: [NSNumber numberWithInt: 0],
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont fontWithName: @"futura" size: 30] };
// label1.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: ligatureStr attributes: attrDict1];

// NSDictionary *attrDict2 = @{ NSLigatureAttributeName: @(1),
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont fontWithName: @"futura" size: 30]
};
// label2.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: ligatureStr attributes: attrDict2];
由于要展示连体字符,所以将前面使用的带有中文的字符串换成 flush
// NSLigatureAttributeName的取值为NSNumber对象,所以不能直接将一个整数值赋给它,创建NSNumber 对象的方法有很多,或者可以简写成 @(int)

// 注意观察字母f和l之间的变化。
// 感觉连写就是一个艺术字功能,当字符f和l组合使用组合符号(所谓的字形(glyph))绘制时,看起来确实更加美观。但是并非所有的字符之间都有组合符号,事实上,只有某些字体中得某些字符的组合(如字符f和l,字符f和i等)才具有美观的组合符号。

  4. NSKernAttributeName
//NSKernAttributeName 设定字符间距,取值为 NSNumber 对象(整数),正值间距加宽,负值间距变窄
// NSDictionary *attrDict1 = @{ NSKernAttributeName: @(-3),
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize: 20]
};
// label1.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict1];
// NSDictionary *attrDict2 = @{ NSKernAttributeName: @(0),
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize: 20]
};
// label2.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict2];
// NSDictionary *attrDict3 = @{ NSKernAttributeName: @(10),
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize: 20]
};
// label3.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict3];

  5. NSStrikethroughStyleAttributeName
//NSStrikethroughStyleAttributeName 设置删除线,取值为 NSNumber 对象(整数),枚举常量 NSUnderlineStyle中的值
// NSUnderlineStyleNone 不设置删除线
// NSUnderlineStyleSingle 设置删除线为细单实线
// NSUnderlineStyleThick 设置删除线为粗单实线
// NSUnderlineStyleDouble 设置删除线为细双实线

// NSDictionary *attrDict1 = @{ NSStrikethroughStyleAttributeName: @(NSUnderlineStyleSingle),
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:20] };
// label1.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict1];
// NSDictionary *attrDict2 = @{ NSStrikethroughStyleAttributeName: @(NSUnderlineStyleThick),
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:20] };
// label2.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict2];
// NSDictionary *attrDict3 = @{ NSStrikethroughStyleAttributeName: @(NSUnderlineStyleDouble),
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:20] };
// label3.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict3];
注意:
虽然使用了枚举常量,但是枚举常量的本质仍为整数,所以同样必须先转化为 NSNumber 才能使用
删除线和下划线使用相同的枚举常量作为其属性值
目前iOS中只有上面列出的4中效果,虽然我们能够在头文件中发现其他更多的取值,但是使用后没有任何效果
可以看出,中文和英文删除线的位置有所不同
另外,删除线属性取值除了上面的4种外,其实还可以取其他整数值,有兴趣的可以自行试验,取值为 0 - 7时,效果为单实线,随着值得增加,单实线逐渐变粗,取值为 9 - 15时,效果为双实线,取值越大,双实线越粗。

// NSDictionary *attrDict1 = @{ NSStrikethroughStyleAttributeName: @(1),
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:20] };
// label1.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict1];
// NSDictionary *attrDict2 = @{ NSStrikethroughStyleAttributeName: @(3),
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:20] };
// label2.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict2];
// NSDictionary *attrDict3 = @{ NSStrikethroughStyleAttributeName: @(7),
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:20] };
// _label3.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict3];

   6. NSStrikethroughColorAttributeName
//NSStrikethroughColorAttributeName 设置删除线颜色,取值为 UIColor 对象,默认值为黑色
// NSDictionary *attrDict1 = @{ NSStrikethroughColorAttributeName: [UIColor blueColor],
NSStrikethroughStyleAttributeName: @(1),
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:20] };
// label1.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict1];
// NSDictionary *attrDict2 = @{ NSStrikethroughColorAttributeName: [UIColor orangeColor],
NSStrikethroughStyleAttributeName: @(3),
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:20] };
// label2.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict2];
// NSDictionary *attrDict3 = @{ NSStrikethroughColorAttributeName: [UIColor greenColor],
NSStrikethroughStyleAttributeName: @(7),
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:20] };
// label3.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict3];

  7. NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName
下划线除了线条位置和删除线不同外,其他的都可以完全参照删除线设置。

//NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName 设置下划线,取值为 NSNumber 对象(整数),枚举常量NSUnderlineStyle中的值,与删除线类似
// NSDictionary *attrDict1 = @{ NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName: @(NSUnderlineStyleSingle),
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:20] };
// label.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict1];
// NSDictionary *attrDict2 = @{ NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName: @(NSUnderlineStyleThick),
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:20] };
// label.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict2];
// NSDictionary *attrDict3 = @{ NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName: @(NSUnderlineStyleDouble),
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:20] };
// label.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict3];

  8. NSUnderlineColorAttributeName
可以完全参照下划线颜色设置
//NSUnderlineColorAttributeName 设置下划线颜色,取值为 UIColor 对象,默认值为黑色
// NSDictionary *attrDict1 = @{ NSUnderlineColorAttributeName: [UIColor blueColor],
NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName: @(NSUnderlineStyleSingle),
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:20] };
// label1.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict1];
// NSDictionary *attrDict2 = @{ NSUnderlineColorAttributeName: [UIColor orangeColor],
NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName: @(NSUnderlineStyleThick),
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:20] };
// label2.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict2];
// NSDictionary *attrDict3 = @{ NSUnderlineColorAttributeName: [UIColor greenColor],
NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName: @(NSUnderlineStyleDouble),
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:20] };
// label3.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict3];

  9. NSStrokeWidthAttributeName
// //NSStrokeWidthAttributeName 设置笔画宽度,取值为 NSNumber 对象(整数),负值填充效果,正值中空效果
// NSDictionary *attrDict1 = @{ NSStrokeWidthAttributeName: @(-3),
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:30] };
// label1.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict1];
// NSDictionary *attrDict2 = @{ NSStrokeWidthAttributeName: @(0),
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:30] };
// label2.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict2];
// NSDictionary *attrDict3 = @{ NSStrokeWidthAttributeName: @(3),
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:30] };
// label3.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict3];

  10. NSStrokeColorAttributeName
//NSStrokeColorAttributeName 填充部分颜色,不是字体颜色,取值为 UIColor 对象
// NSDictionary *attrDict1 = @{ NSStrokeWidthAttributeName: @(-3),
NSStrokeColorAttributeName: [UIColor orangeColor],
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:30] };
// _label01.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict1];
// NSDictionary *attrDict2 = @{ NSStrokeWidthAttributeName: @(0),
NSStrokeColorAttributeName: [UIColor blueColor],
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:30] };
// _label02.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict2];
// NSDictionary *attrDict3 = @{ NSStrokeWidthAttributeName: @(3),
NSStrokeColorAttributeName: [UIColor greenColor],
NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:30] };
// _label03.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: originStr attributes: attrDict3];

其他属性简单说明如下:
// NSFontAttributeName 设置字体属性,默认值:字体:Helvetica(Neue) 字号:12
// NSForegroundColorAttributeNam 设置字体颜色,取值为 UIColor对象,默认值为黑色
// NSBackgroundColorAttributeName 设置字体所在区域背景颜色,取值为 UIColor对象,默认值为nil, 透明色
// NSLigatureAttributeName 设置连体属性,取值为NSNumber 对象(整数),0 表示没有连体字符,1 表示使用默认的连体字符
// NSKernAttributeName 设定字符间距,取值为 NSNumber 对象(整数),正值间距加宽,负值间距变窄
// NSStrikethroughStyleAttributeName 设置删除线,取值为 NSNumber 对象(整数)
// NSStrikethroughColorAttributeName 设置删除线颜色,取值为 UIColor 对象,默认值为黑色
// NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName 设置下划线,取值为 NSNumber 对象(整数),枚举常量NSUnderlineStyle中的值,与删除线类似
// NSUnderlineColorAttributeName 设置下划线颜色,取值为 UIColor 对象,默认值为黑色
// NSStrokeWidthAttributeName 设置笔画宽度,取值为 NSNumber 对象(整数),负值填充效果,正值中空效果
// NSStrokeColorAttributeName 填充部分颜色,不是字体颜色,取值为 UIColor 对象
// NSShadowAttributeName 设置阴影属性,取值为 NSShadow 对象
// NSTextEffectAttributeName 设置文本特殊效果,取值为 NSString 对象,目前只有图版印刷效果可用:
// NSBaselineOffsetAttributeName 设置基线偏移值,取值为 NSNumber (float),正值上偏,负值下偏
// NSObliquenessAttributeName 设置字形倾斜度,取值为 NSNumber (float),正值右倾,负值左倾
// NSExpansionAttributeName 设置文本横向拉伸属性,取值为 NSNumber (float),正值横向拉伸文本,负值横向压缩文本
// NSWritingDirectionAttributeName 设置文字书写方向,从左向右书写或者从右向左书写
// NSVerticalGlyphFormAttributeName 设置文字排版方向,取值为 NSNumber 对象(整数),0 表示横排文本,1 表示竖排文本
// NSLinkAttributeName 设置链接属性,点击后调用浏览器打开指定URL地址
// NSAttachmentAttributeName 设置文本附件,取值为NSTextAttachment对象,常用于文字图片混排
// NSParagraphStyleAttributeName 设置文本段落排版格式,取值为 NSParagraphStyle 对象
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