Spring事务管理（详解+实例）二

4 声明式事务

4.1 配置方式

注：以下配置代码参考自Spring事务配置的五种方式

根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

（1）每个Bean都有一个代理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

<bean id="sessionFactory"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">

<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />

<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

</bean>

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->

<bean id="transactionManager"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

</bean>

<!-- 配置DAO -->

<bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">

<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

</bean>

<bean id="userDao"

class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">

<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->

<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />

<property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />

<property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />

<!-- 配置事务属性 -->

<property name="transactionAttributes">

<props>

<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>

</props>

</property>

</bean>

</beans>

（2）所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

<bean id="sessionFactory"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">

<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />

<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

</bean>

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->

<bean id="transactionManager"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

</bean>

<bean id="transactionBase"

class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"

lazy-init="true" abstract="true">

<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->

<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />

<!-- 配置事务属性 -->

<property name="transactionAttributes">

<props>

<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>

</props>

</property>

</bean>

<!-- 配置DAO -->

<bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">

<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

</bean>

<bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" >

<property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />

</bean>

</beans>

（3）使用拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

<bean id="sessionFactory"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">

<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />

<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

</bean>

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->

<bean id="transactionManager"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

</bean>

<bean id="transactionInterceptor"

class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">

<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />

<!-- 配置事务属性 -->

<property name="transactionAttributes">

<props>

<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>

</props>

</property>

</bean>

<bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">

<property name="beanNames">

<list>

<value>*Dao</value>

</list>

</property>

<property name="interceptorNames">

<list>

<value>transactionInterceptor</value>

</list>

</property>

</bean>

<!-- 配置DAO -->

<bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">

<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

</bean>

</beans>

（4）使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

<context:annotation-config />

<context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />

<bean id="sessionFactory"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">

<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />

<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

</bean>

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->

<bean id="transactionManager"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

</bean>

<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">

<tx:attributes>

<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />

</tx:attributes>

</tx:advice>

<aop:config>

<aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"

expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />

<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"

pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />

</aop:config>

</beans>

（5）全注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

<context:annotation-config />

<context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />

<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

<bean id="sessionFactory"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">

<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />

<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

</bean>

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->

<bean id="transactionManager"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

</bean>

</beans>

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

package com.bluesky.spring.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

@Transactional

@Component("userDao")

public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {

public List<User> listUsers() {

return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();

}

}

4.2 一个声明式事务的实例

注：该实例参考自Spring中的事务管理实例详解

首先是数据库表

book(isbn, book_name, price)

account(username, balance)

book_stock(isbn, stock)

然后是XML配置

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

<import resource="applicationContext-db.xml" />

<context:component-scan

base-package="com.springinaction.transaction">

</context:component-scan>

<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"/>

<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">

<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />

</bean>

</beans>

使用的类

BookShopDao

package com.springinaction.transaction;

public interface BookShopDao {

// 根据书号获取书的单价

public int findBookPriceByIsbn(String isbn);

// 更新书的库存，使书号对应的库存-1

public void updateBookStock(String isbn);

// 更新用户的账户余额：account的balance-price

public void updateUserAccount(String username, int price);

}

BookShopDaoImpl

package com.springinaction.transaction;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository("bookShopDao")

public class BookShopDaoImpl implements BookShopDao {

@Autowired

private JdbcTemplate JdbcTemplate;

@Override

public int findBookPriceByIsbn(String isbn) {

String sql = "SELECT price FROM book WHERE isbn = ?";

return JdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, Integer.class, isbn);

}

@Override

public void updateBookStock(String isbn) {

//检查书的库存是否足够，若不够，则抛出异常

String sql2 = "SELECT stock FROM book_stock WHERE isbn = ?";

int stock = JdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql2, Integer.class, isbn);

if (stock == 0) {

throw new BookStockException("库存不足！");

}

String sql = "UPDATE book_stock SET stock = stock - 1 WHERE isbn = ?";

JdbcTemplate.update(sql, isbn);

}

@Override

public void updateUserAccount(String username, int price) {

//检查余额是否不足，若不足，则抛出异常

String sql2 = "SELECT balance FROM account WHERE username = ?";

int balance = JdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql2, Integer.class, username);

if (balance < price) {

throw new UserAccountException("余额不足！");

}

String sql = "UPDATE account SET balance = balance - ? WHERE username = ?";

JdbcTemplate.update(sql, price, username);

}

}

BookShopService

package com.springinaction.transaction;

public interface BookShopService {

public void purchase(String username, String isbn);

}

BookShopServiceImpl

package com.springinaction.transaction;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Isolation;

import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;

import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@Service("bookShopService")

public class BookShopServiceImpl implements BookShopService {

@Autowired

private BookShopDao bookShopDao;

/**

* 1.添加事务注解

* 使用propagation 指定事务的传播行为，即当前的事务方法被另外一个事务方法调用时如何使用事务。

* 默认取值为REQUIRED，即使用调用方法的事务

* REQUIRES_NEW：使用自己的事务，调用的事务方法的事务被挂起。

*

* 2.使用isolation 指定事务的隔离级别，最常用的取值为READ_COMMITTED

* 3.默认情况下 Spring 的声明式事务对所有的运行时异常进行回滚，也可以通过对应的属性进行设置。通常情况下，默认值即可。

* 4.使用readOnly 指定事务是否为只读。 表示这个事务只读取数据但不更新数据，这样可以帮助数据库引擎优化事务。若真的是一个只读取数据库值得方法，应设置readOnly=true

* 5.使用timeOut 指定强制回滚之前事务可以占用的时间。

*/

@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW,

isolation=Isolation.READ_COMMITTED,

noRollbackFor={UserAccountException.class},

readOnly=true, timeout=3)

@Override

public void purchase(String username, String isbn) {

//1.获取书的单价

int price = bookShopDao.findBookPriceByIsbn(isbn);

//2.更新书的库存

bookShopDao.updateBookStock(isbn);

//3.更新用户余额

bookShopDao.updateUserAccount(username, price);

}

}

Cashier

package com.springinaction.transaction;

import java.util.List;

public interface Cashier {

public void checkout(String username, List<String>isbns);

}

CashierImpl：CashierImpl.checkout和bookShopService.purchase联合测试了事务的传播行为

package com.springinaction.transaction;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@Service("cashier")

public class CashierImpl implements Cashier {

@Autowired

private BookShopService bookShopService;

@Transactional

@Override

public void checkout(String username, List<String> isbns) {

for(String isbn : isbns) {

bookShopService.purchase(username, isbn);

}

}

}

BookStockException

package com.springinaction.transaction;

public class BookStockException extends RuntimeException {

private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

public BookStockException() {

super();

// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

}

public BookStockException(String arg0, Throwable arg1, boolean arg2,

boolean arg3) {

super(arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3);

// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

}

public BookStockException(String arg0, Throwable arg1) {

super(arg0, arg1);

// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

}

public BookStockException(String arg0) {

super(arg0);

// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

}

public BookStockException(Throwable arg0) {

super(arg0);

// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

}

}

UserAccountException

package com.springinaction.transaction;

public class UserAccountException extends RuntimeException {

private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

public UserAccountException() {

super();

// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

}

public UserAccountException(String arg0, Throwable arg1, boolean arg2,

boolean arg3) {

super(arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3);

// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

}

public UserAccountException(String arg0, Throwable arg1) {

super(arg0, arg1);

// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

}

public UserAccountException(String arg0) {

super(arg0);

// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

}

public UserAccountException(Throwable arg0) {

super(arg0);

// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

}

}

测试类

package com.springinaction.transaction;

import java.util.Arrays;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class SpringTransitionTest {

private ApplicationContext ctx = null;

private BookShopDao bookShopDao = null;

private BookShopService bookShopService = null;

private Cashier cashier = null;

{

ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config/transaction.xml");

bookShopDao = ctx.getBean(BookShopDao.class);

bookShopService = ctx.getBean(BookShopService.class);

cashier = ctx.getBean(Cashier.class);

}

@Test

public void testBookShopDaoFindPriceByIsbn() {

System.out.println(bookShopDao.findBookPriceByIsbn("1001"));

}

@Test

public void testBookShopDaoUpdateBookStock(){

bookShopDao.updateBookStock("1001");

}

@Test

public void testBookShopDaoUpdateUserAccount(){

bookShopDao.updateUserAccount("AA", 100);

}

@Test

public void testBookShopService(){

bookShopService.purchase("AA", "1001");

}

@Test

public void testTransactionPropagation(){

cashier.checkout("AA", Arrays.asList("1001", "1002"));

}

}

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