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springmvc+maven框架介绍

2016-10-31 14:54 381 查看
maven搭建springmvc框架介绍:

pom.xml文件:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.somnus</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringMVC</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>SpringMVC Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<!-- 指定Maven仓库 -->
<repositories>
<!-- oschina的maven仓库 -->
<repository>
<id>oschinaRepository</id>
<name>local private nexus</name>
<url>http://maven.wozsz.com/content/groups/public/</url>
<releases>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>

<!-- maven依赖包的书写是有顺序的,请不要更改下面dependency的顺序,避免造成JAR包冲突 -->
<dependencies>
<!-- servlet & jsp -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 加入springmvc依赖包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>3.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- xml -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
<version>3.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.thoughtworks.xstream</groupId>
<artifactId>xstream</artifactId>
<version>1.4.7</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 加入fileupload依赖包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jackson -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<!-- bean validator -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>4.3.2.Final</version>
</dependency>
<!-- alibaba json -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.16</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

<build>
<finalName>SpringMVC</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<target>1.7</target>
<resource>1.7</resource>
<encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>

<!-- 配置maven集成jetty和tomcat插件 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
<artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>8.1.9.v20130131</version>
<configuration>
<webAppConfig>
<contextPath>/${project.build.finalName}</contextPath>
</webAppConfig>
<scanIntervalSeconds>5</scanIntervalSeconds>
<!-- 设置端口号为8095默认为8080 -->
<connectors>
<connector implementation="org.eclipse.jetty.server.nio.SelectChannelConnector">
<port>8095</port>
<maxIdleTime>60000</maxIdleTime>
</connector>
</connectors>
<!-- 设置停止启动端口号9966 -->
<stopKey>shutdown</stopKey>
<stopPort>9966</stopPort>
</configuration>
</plugin>

<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<configuration>
<path>/${project.build.finalName}</path>
<port>8080</port>
<uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding>
<finalName>${project.build.finalName}</finalName>
<server>tomcat7</server>
</configuration>
</plugin>

</plugins>
</build>
</project>

web.xml文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="3.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
<display-name>SpringMVC</display-name>

<!--字符过滤器及编码utf-8-->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- <init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:/spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param> -->
<!-- 不写,使用默认值:/WEB-INF/[servlet-name]-servlet.xml -->
<!-- <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/spring-servlet.xml</param-value> -->
<!-- <param-value>classpath:/spring-servlet.xml</param-value> -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>


我们在学SpringMVC的时候都知道,它需要一个spring配置文件,用来初始化SpringMVC子容器,既可以指定也可以不指定文件位置。

如果不指定,如上面所配置,那么org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet会从默认位置(/WEB-INF/[servlet-name]-servlet.xml)加载,也就是/WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml。如下截图:



如果需要指定呢,比如需要把spring配置文件放在src/main/resources中呢,如下图:



则配置方式如下:

<servlet>
<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

springmvc的请求路径url后缀:
方式一:

<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

方式二:
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

它们有什么区别呢,以及在开发中注意的地方:

方式一:任意路径都会被映射,能够被org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet处理

方式二:只有指定的路径才会被处理,如html、action、do结尾
两种方式其实任意一种都可以,但是使用方式二静态资源文件(js、css、images、plugins、fonts)就不能放在WEB-INF里面,只能放在webapp里面,因为映射里没有包含静态文件的路径。方式一就没问题,但是需要在springmvc配置文件中做静态资源映射。

方式一静态资源文件存放如下截图:



方式二静态资源文件存放如下截图:



方式一需要在springmvc配置文件中做静态资源映射如下:

spring-servlet.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

<!-- 启动注解驱动的Spring MVC功能,注册请求url和注解POJO类方法的映射--><!-- <mvc:annotation-driven /> -->
<mvc:annotation-driven validator="validator" conversion-service="conversion-service" />

<bean id="validator" class="org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.LocalValidatorFactoryBean">
<property name="providerClass" value="org.hibernate.validator.HibernateValidator"/>
<!--不设置则默认为classpath下的 ValidationMessages.properties -->
<property name="validationMessageSource" ref="validatemessageSource"/>
</bean>
<bean id="conversion-service" class="org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean" />
<bean id="validatemessageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource">
<property name="basename" value="classpath:message/validatemessages"/>
<property name="fileEncodings" value="utf-8"/>
<property name="cacheSeconds" value="120"/>
</bean>

<!-- 如果当前请求为"/"时,则转发到“/helloworld/index" -->
<mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="forward:/helloworld/index"/>
<!-- 静态资源映射 -->
<mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/WEB-INF/js/" />
<mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/WEB-INF/css/" />
<mvc:resources mapping="/fonts/**" location="/WEB-INF/fonts/" />
<mvc:resources mapping="/plugins/**" location="/WEB-INF/plugins/" />
<mvc:resources mapping="images/**" location="/WEB-INF/images/" />
<!-- 当上面要访问的静态资源不包括在上面的配置中时,则根据此配置来访问 -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

<!-- 开启controller注解支持 -->
<!-- use-default-filters="false" 只扫描指定的注解 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.somnus.controller" use-default-filters="false">
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>

<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<!-- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
<property name="contentType" value="text/html"/>
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean> -->
<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean id="viewResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.ContentNegotiatingViewResolver">
<property name="mediaTypes">
<map>
<entry key="html" value="text/html" />
<entry key="json" value="application/json" />
<entry key="xml" value="application/xml" />
</map>
</property>
<property name="viewResolvers">
<list>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</list>
</property>
<property name="defaultViews">
<list>
<!-- 不加配置返回 {"account":{"username":"admin","password":"123456"}} -->
<!-- 加配置返回 {"username":"admin","password":"123456"}-->
<!--视图解析器解析json数据-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.json.MappingJackson2JsonView">
<property name="extractValueFromSingleKeyModel" value="true" />
</bean>
<!--视图解析器解析xml数据-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.xml.MarshallingView">
<property name="marshaller">
<bean class="org.springframework.oxm.xstream.XStreamMarshaller"/>
</property>
</bean>
</list>
</property>
</bean>

<!-- 支持上传文件 -->
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<!-- 设置上传文件的最大尺寸为1MB -->
<property name="maxUploadSize">
<value>1048576</value>
</property>
<property name="defaultEncoding">
<value>UTF-8</value>
</property>
</bean>

<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/helloworld/*"/>
<!-- 如果不定义 mvc:mapping path 将拦截所有的URL请求 -->
<bean class="com.somnus.interceptor.AuthInterceptor"></bean>
</mvc:interceptor>
<!-- 国际化操作拦截器 如果采用基于(请求/Session/Cookie)则必需配置 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.LocaleChangeInterceptor" />
</mvc:interceptors>

<!-- ################################################################ -->
<!-- 注意:当spring-servlet.xml中使用<mvc:annotation-driven/>时, -->
<!-- 如果是3.1之前已经默认注入AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter, -->
<!-- 3.1之后默认注入RequestMappingHandlerAdapter只需加上相关jackson的jar包即可! -->
<!-- ################################################################ -->

<!-- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter">
<property name="messageConverters">
<list>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter"/>
</list>
</property>
</bean> -->

</beans>


开启注解映射支持,它是为了简化配置的缩写形式,它相当于以下2个配置:
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping"/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter"/>由于我们在web.xml文件里面配置的是拦截所有的请求到该servlet,所以我们在这里要对静态资源文件映射作一下配置,否则请求这些资源文件会返回404:
<!-- 静态资源映射 -->
<mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/WEB-INF/js/" />
<mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/WEB-INF/css/" />
<mvc:resources mapping="/fonts/**" location="/WEB-INF/fonts/" />
<mvc:resources mapping="/plugins/**" location="/WEB-INF/plugins/" />
<mvc:resources mapping="images/**" location="/WEB-INF/images/" />
<!-- 当上面要访问的静态资源不包括在上面的配置中时,则根据此配置来访问 -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

开启Controller注解支持,并配置只扫描指定包下面的Controller:
<context:component-scan base-package="com.demo.web.controllers" use-default-filters="false">
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>

配置视图解析器,并指定视图所在的文件夹:
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
<property name="contentType" value="text/html"/>
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>

springmvc数据绑定注解:

1.@RequestParam,绑定单个请求数据,可以是URL中的数据,表单提交的数据或上传的文件;
(经常使用如在请求的url中带参数url:basePath+'/SpringMVC/databand/queryByName.do?name='+name

    后台接受参数方法:public String queryByName(@RequestParam('name') String name){}



2.@PathVariable,绑定URL模板变量值;

3.@CookieValue,绑定Cookie数据;

4.@RequestHeader,绑定请求头数据;

5.@ModelAttribute,绑定数据到Model;

6.@SessionAttributes,绑定数据到Session;

7.@RequestBody,用来处理Content-Type不是application/x-www-form-urlencoded编码的内容,例如application/json, application/xml等;

8.@RequestPart,绑定“multipart/data”数据,并可以根据数据类型进项对象转换;

备注:

1.关于@RequestParam的参数,这是一个@RequestParam的完整写法

@RequestParam(value=”username”, required=true, defaultValue=”AAA”)。

value表示要绑定请求中参数的名字;

required表示请求中是否必须有这个参数,默认为true这是如果请求中没有要绑定的参数则返回404;

defaultValue表示如果请求中指定的参数值为空时的默认值;

要绑定的参数如果是值类型必须要有值否则抛异常,如果是引用类型则默认为null(Boolean除外,默认为false);

2.关于@ModelAttribute绑定数据到模型中。modelAutoBind action中我们将表单提交的数据添加到Model中的代码如下:
@RequestMapping(value="/modelautobind", method = {RequestMethod.POST})
public String modelAutoBind(HttpServletRequest request, Model model, AccountModel accountModel){
model.addAttribute("accountmodel", accountModel);
return "modelautobindresult";
} 而借助于@ModelAttribute 我们可以更简单的讲数据添加到Model中,把上面的代码修改为:
@RequestMapping(value="/modelautobind", method = {RequestMethod.POST})
public String modelAutoBind(HttpServletRequest request, @ModelAttribute("accountmodel") AccountModel accountModel){
return "modelautobindresult";
}

2.关于@RequestBody,调用合适的MessageConvert来把非application/x-www-form-urlencoded请求中的内容转换为指定的对象,如请求类型content-type为“application/json”,它通常与@ResponseBody合用,@ResponseBody与@RequestBody刚好相反,他把指定的对象转换为合适的内容(请求头为Accept:application/json 则返回json数据)并返回。注意Spring默认解析json用的是Jackson,让实体类继承Serializable接口并添加一个空的构造函数(为了Jackson做转换)。
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