小白日记14：kali渗透测试--NMAP

NAMP
被认为是最强大的扫描器

所有参数

root@kali:~# nmap
Nmap 7.01 ( https://nmap.org )
Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}
TARGET SPECIFICATION:                                       <strong>  #目标发现</strong>
Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.
Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254     #例子
<strong> -iL <inputfilename>: Input from list of hosts/networks         #指定IP地址列表
-iR <num hosts>: Choose random targets                         #随机选定目标 +<主机IP>
--exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],...>: Exclude hosts/networks   #过滤某些IP，不对其进行扫描
--excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from file            #过滤整个文件中的ip，不对其进行扫描</strong>
HOST DISCOVERY:
<strong>-sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan                  #列出要进行扫描的的IP
-sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan                         #不做端口扫描
-Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery        <span style="color:#ff0000;"> #防止防火墙拒绝扫描，继续后面的端口扫描</span>
-PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports
-PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes  #PM适用于老系统
-PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping
-n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes]  #不做DNS解析/-R做反向解析
--dns-servers <serv1[,serv2],...>: Specify custom DNS servers    #调用指定服务器
--system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver                  #默认DNS，加不加没区别
--traceroute: Trace hop path to each host              #路由路径</strong>
SCAN TECHNIQUES:                                 #端口扫描
<strong>-sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans                                                        #默认用sS（SYN），加-sT使用TCP扫描，结果准确 #-sM：ACK+FIN
-sU: UDP Scan
-sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans   #-sN：flags全为0；
--scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags      #自定义flags 【8个flags】 需熟悉协议操作
-sI <zombie host[:probeport]>: Idle scan       #僵尸扫描
-sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans       #SCTP
-sO: IP protocol scan
-b <FTP relay host>: FTP bounce scan           #针对FTP中继</strong>
PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:
<strong>-p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports    #指定端口
Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9
--exclude-ports <port ranges>: Exclude the specified ports from scanning  #指定端口范围
-F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan    #快速扫描，即默认的部分端口
-r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize      #端口顺序连续扫描
--top-ports <number>: Scan <number> most common ports    #扫默认1000端口中的指定数量个数
--port-ratio <ratio>: Scan ports more common than <ratio>    #扫描更常用端口</strong>
SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:       #服务扫描
<strong>-sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info                                                                #默认情况下，匹配结果可能不够准确 #该部分命令均加上-sV
--version-intensity <level>: Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)   #扫描强度（0-9）
--version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)     #2级
--version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)          #9级
--version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)  #跟踪扫描过程</strong>
SCRIPT SCAN:                     #脚本扫描
-sC: equivalent to --script=default
--script=<Lua scripts>: <Lua scripts> is a comma separated list of
directories, script-files or script-categories
--script-args=<n1=v1,[n2=v2,...]>: provide arguments to scripts
--script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file
--script-trace: Show all data sent and received
--script-updatedb: Update the script database.
<strong><span style="color:#ff0000;"> --script-help=<Lua scripts>: Show help about scripts.           #查询脚本作用
<Lua scripts> is a comma-separated list of script-files or
script-categories.</span></strong>
OS DETECTION:                        #系统
-O: Enable OS detection
--osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets
--osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively
TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:                      #时间设定
Options which take <time> are in seconds, or append 'ms' (milliseconds),
's' (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).
-T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster)
--min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size>: Parallel host scan group sizes  #最少一次扫多少主机
--min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes>: Probe parallelization
--min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <time>: Specifies   #来回访问时间
probe round trip time.
--max-retries <tries>: Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.    #最大探测次数
--host-timeout <time>: Give up on target after this long
--scan-delay/--max-scan-delay <time>: Adjust delay between probes    <strong> #扫描延迟，将时间设大一点，避免被发现</strong>
--min-rate <number>: Send packets no slower than <number> per second
--max-rate <number>: Send packets no faster than <number> per second
<strong>FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:   </strong>                      #防火墙和IDS的躲避或欺骗
-f; --mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU）   #最大传输单元
-D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],...>: Cloak a scan with decoys      #伪造源地址，增加噪声IP
-S <IP_Address>: Spoof source address               #欺骗源地址，得不到回包 建议与-e一起使用
-e <iface>: Use specified interface         #指定网卡
-g/--source-port <portnum>: Use given port number    #指定源端口
--proxies <url1,[url2],...>: Relay connections through HTTP/SOCKS4 proxies <strong>#指定代理</strong>
--data <hex string>: Append a custom payload to sent packets     #在包的数据字段加上内容（16进制数）
--data-string <string>: Append a custom ASCII string to sent packets   #加ASCII码
--data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets
--ip-options <options>: Send packets with specified ip options   #加在IP包头
--ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field
--spoof-mac <mac address/prefix/vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address     #欺骗mac地址
--badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum           #差错检验
OUTPUT:
-oN/-oX/-oS/-oG <file>: Output scan in normal, XML, s|<rIpt kIddi3,     #选择输出格式
and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.
-oA <basename>: Output in the three major formats at once
-v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)
-d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)
--reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state
--open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports
--packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received
--iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)
--append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files
--resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan
--stylesheet <path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML
--webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML
--no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output
MISC:
-6: Enable IPv6 scanning                       #IPv6
-A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute  #参数组合键
--datadir <dirname>: Specify custom Nmap data file location
--send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets
--privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged
--unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges
-V: Print version number
-h: Print this help summary page.
EXAMPLES:
nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org
nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8
nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80
SEE THE MAN PAGE (https://nmap.org/book/man.html) FOR MORE OPTIONS AND EXAMPLES

man nmap：查看操作手册


Nmap脚本
查询脚本数量

root@kali:/usr/share/nmap/scripts# less script.db | wc -l
515

exploit：漏洞利用 vuln：漏洞识别

某漏洞脚本：smb-vuln-ms10-061.nse


Stuxnet蠕虫利用的4个漏洞之一；Print Spooler权限不当，打印请求可在系统目录可创建文件、执行任意代码；LANMAN API枚举共享打印机；探测远程共享打印机名称

若没发现共享打印机：smb-enum-shares枚举共享
身份认证参数——smbuser、smbpassword


nmap -p445 --script=smb-enum-shares.nse --script-args=smbuser=admin,smbpassword=pass 1.1.1.1  #判断目标机器是否有共享打印机


###先检测是否有共享打印机，再扫描是否存在漏洞###

#对象：Windows XP,Server 2003 SP2,Vista,Server 2008, win 7









小白日记，未完待续……