Apache Curator入门实战

Curator是Netflix公司开源的一个Zookeeper客户端，与Zookeeper提供的原生客户端相比，Curator的抽象层次更高，简化了Zookeeper客户端的开发量。

1.Zookeeper安装部署

Zookeeper的部署很简单，如果已经有Java运行环境的话，下载tarball解压后即可运行。

[root@vm Temp]$ wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.6/zookeeper-3.4.6.tar.gz [root@vm Temp]$ tar zxvf zookeeper-3.4.6.tar.gz
[root@vm Temp]$ cd zookeeper-3.4.6

[root@vm zookeeper-3.4.6]$ cp conf/zoo_sample.cfg conf/zoo.cfg
[root@vm zookeeper-3.4.6]$ export ZOOKEEPER_HOME=/usr/local/src/zookeeper-3.4.5
[root@vm zookeeper-3.4.6]$ export PATH=$ZOOKEEPER_HOME/bin:$PATH

[root@vm zookeeper-3.4.6]$ bin/zkServer.sh start
[root@vm zookeeper-3.4.6]$ bin/zkCli.sh -server 127.0.0.1:2181

2.客户端常用操作

用zkCli.sh连接上Zookeeper服务后，用help能列出所有命令：

[root@BC-VM-edce4ac67d304079868c0bb265337bd4 zookeeper-3.4.6]# bin/zkCli.sh -127.0.0.1:2181
Connecting to localhost:2181
2015-06-11 10:55:14,387 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:zookeeper.version=3.4.6-1569965, built on 02/20/2014 09:09 GMT
...

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 5] help
ZooKeeper -server host:port cmd args
connect host:port
get path [watch]
ls path [watch]
set path data [version]
rmr path
delquota [-n|-b] path
quit
printwatches on|off
create [-s] [-e] path data acl
stat path [watch]
close
ls2 path [watch]
history
listquota path
setAcl path acl
getAcl path
sync path
redo cmdno
addauth scheme auth
delete path [version]
setquota -n|-b val path

下面就试验一下常用的命令：
create：创建路径结点。
ls：查看路径下的所有结点。
get：获得结点上的值。
set：修改结点上的值。
delete：删除结点。

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 6] create /zktest mydata
Created /zktest
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 12] ls /
[zktest, zookeeper]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 7] ls /zktest
[]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 13] get /zktest
mydata
cZxid = 0x1c
ctime = Thu Jun 11 10:58:06 CST 2015
mZxid = 0x1c
mtime = Thu Jun 11 10:58:06 CST 2015
pZxid = 0x1c
cversion = 0
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 0
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 6
numChildren = 0
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 14] set /zktest junk
cZxid = 0x1c
ctime = Thu Jun 11 10:58:06 CST 2015
mZxid = 0x1f
mtime = Thu Jun 11 10:59:08 CST 2015
pZxid = 0x1c
cversion = 0
dataVersion = 1
aclVersion = 0
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 4
numChildren = 0
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 15] delete /zktest
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 16] ls /
[zookeeper]

3.用Curator管理Zookeeper

Curator的Maven依赖如下，一般直接使用curator-recipes就行了，如果需要自己封装一些底层些的功能的话，例如增加连接管理重试机制等，则可以引入curator-framework包。

<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
<artifactId>curator-recipes</artifactId>
<version>2.7.0</version>
</dependency>

3.1 Client操作

利用Curator提供的客户端API，可以完全实现上面原生客户端的功能。值得注意的是，Curator采用流式风格API。

package com.cdai.codebase.bigdata.hadoop.zookeeper.curator;

import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework;
import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFrameworkFactory;
import org.apache.curator.retry.RetryNTimes;

/**
* Curator framework's client test.
* Output:
*  $ create /zktest hello
*  $ ls /
*  [zktest, zookeeper]
*  $ get /zktest
*  hello
*  $ set /zktest world
*  $ get /zktest
*  world
*  $ delete /zktest
*  $ ls /
*  [zookeeper]
*/
public class CuratorClientTest {

/** Zookeeper info */
private static final String ZK_ADDRESS = "192.168.1.100:2181";
private static final String ZK_PATH = "/zktest";

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 1.Connect to zk
CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.newClient(
ZK_ADDRESS,
new RetryNTimes(10, 5000)
);
client.start();
System.out.println("zk client start successfully!");

// 2.Client API test
// 2.1 Create node
String data1 = "hello";
print("create", ZK_PATH, data1);
client.create().
creatingParentsIfNeeded().
forPath(ZK_PATH, data1.getBytes());

// 2.2 Get node and data
print("ls", "/");
print(client.getChildren().forPath("/"));
print("get", ZK_PATH);
print(client.getData().forPath(ZK_PATH));

// 2.3 Modify data
String data2 = "world";
print("set", ZK_PATH, data2);
client.setData().forPath(ZK_PATH, data2.getBytes());
print("get", ZK_PATH);
print(client.getData().forPath(ZK_PATH));

// 2.4 Remove node
print("delete", ZK_PATH);
client.delete().forPath(ZK_PATH);
print("ls", "/");
print(client.getChildren().forPath("/"));
}

private static void print(String... cmds) {
StringBuilder text = new StringBuilder("$ ");
for (String cmd : cmds) {
text.append(cmd).append(" ");
}
System.out.println(text.toString());
}

private static void print(Object result) {
System.out.println(
result instanceof byte[]
? new String((byte[]) result)
: result);
}

}

3.2 监听器

Curator提供了三种Watcher(Cache)来监听结点的变化：
Path Cache：监视一个路径下1）孩子结点的创建、2）删除，3）以及结点数据的更新。产生的事件会传递给注册的PathChildrenCacheListener。
Node Cache：监视一个结点的创建、更新、删除，并将结点的数据缓存在本地。
Tree Cache：Path Cache和Node Cache的“合体”，监视路径下的创建、更新、删除事件，并缓存路径下所有孩子结点的数据。

下面就测试一下最简单的Path Watcher：

package com.cdai.codebase.bigdata.hadoop.zookeeper.curator;

import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework;
import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFrameworkFactory;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.cache.ChildData;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.cache.PathChildrenCache;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.cache.PathChildrenCache.StartMode;
import org.apache.curator.retry.RetryNTimes;

/**
* Curator framework watch test.
*/
public class CuratorWatcherTest {

/** Zookeeper info */
private static final String ZK_ADDRESS = "192.168.1.100:2181";
private static final String ZK_PATH = "/zktest";

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 1.Connect to zk
CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.newClient(
ZK_ADDRESS,
new RetryNTimes(10, 5000)
);
client.start();
System.out.println("zk client start successfully!");

// 2.Register watcher
PathChildrenCache watcher = new PathChildrenCache(
client,
ZK_PATH,
true    // if cache data
);
watcher.getListenable().addListener((client1, event) -> {
ChildData data = event.getData();
if (data == null) {
System.out.println("No data in event[" + event + "]");
} else {
System.out.println("Receive event: "
+ "type=[" + event.getType() + "]"
+ ", path=[" + data.getPath() + "]"
+ ", data=[" + new String(data.getData()) + "]"
+ ", stat=[" + data.getStat() + "]");
}
});
watcher.start(StartMode.BUILD_INITIAL_CACHE);
System.out.println("Register zk watcher successfully!");

Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}

}

下面是在zkCli.sh中操作时Java程序的输出：

Java: zk client start successfully!
Java: Register zk watcher successfully!

zkCli: [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 11] create /zktest/hello mydata
Java: Receive event: type=[CHILD_ADDED], path=[/zktest/hello], data=[mydata], stat=[121,121,1434001221097,1434001221097,0,0,0,0,6,0,121]

zkCli: [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 12] set /zktest/hello otherdata
Java: Receive event: type=[CHILD_UPDATED], path=[/zktest/hello], data=[otherdata], stat=[121,122,1434001221097,1434001228467,1,0,0,0,9,0,121]

zkCli: [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 13] delete /zktest/hello
Java: Receive event: type=[CHILD_REMOVED], path=[/zktest/hello], data=[otherdata], stat=[121,122,1434001221097,1434001228467,1,0,0,0,9,0,121]

4.Curator“菜谱”

既然Maven包叫做curator-recipes，那说明Curator有它独特的“菜谱”：
锁：包括共享锁、共享可重入锁、读写锁等。
选举：Leader选举算法。
Barrier：阻止分布式计算直至某个条件被满足的“栅栏”，可以看做JDK Concurrent包中Barrier的分布式实现。
缓存：前面提到过的三种Cache及监听机制。
持久化结点：连接或Session终止后仍然在Zookeeper中存在的结点。
队列：分布式队列、分布式优先级队列等。

4.1 分布式锁

分布式编程时，比如最容易碰到的情况就是应用程序在线上多机部署，于是当多个应用同时访问某一资源时，就需要某种机制去协调它们。例如，现在一台应用正在rebuild缓存内容，要临时锁住某个区域暂时不让访问；又比如调度程序每次只想一个任务被一台应用执行等等。

下面的程序会启动两个线程t1和t2去争夺锁，拿到锁的线程会占用5秒。运行多次可以观察到，有时是t1先拿到锁而t2等待，有时又会反过来。Curator会用我们提供的lock路径的结点作为全局锁，这个结点的数据类似这种格式：[_c_64e0811f-9475-44ca-aa36-c1db65ae5350-lock-0000000005]，每次获得锁时会生成这种串，释放锁时清空数据。

package com.cdai.codebase.bigdata.hadoop.zookeeper.curator;

import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework;
import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFrameworkFactory;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.locks.InterProcessMutex;
import org.apache.curator.retry.RetryNTimes;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
* Curator framework's distributed lock test.
*/
public class CuratorDistrLockTest {

/** Zookeeper info */
private static final String ZK_ADDRESS = "192.168.1.100:2181";
private static final String ZK_LOCK_PATH = "/zktest";

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
// 1.Connect to zk
CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.newClient(
ZK_ADDRESS,
new RetryNTimes(10, 5000)
);
client.start();
System.out.println("zk client start successfully!");

Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
doWithLock(client);
}, "t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
doWithLock(client);
}, "t2");

t1.start();
t2.start();
}

private static void doWithLock(CuratorFramework client) {
InterProcessMutex lock = new InterProcessMutex(client, ZK_LOCK_PATH);
try {
if (lock.acquire(10 * 1000, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " hold lock");
Thread.sleep(5000L);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " release lock");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
lock.release();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

}

}

4.2 Leader选举

当集群里的某个服务down机时，我们可能要从slave结点里选出一个作为新的master，这时就需要一套能在分布式环境中自动协调的Leader选举方法。Curator提供了LeaderSelector监听器实现Leader选举功能。同一时刻，只有一个Listener会进入takeLeadership()方法，说明它是当前的Leader。注意：当Listener从takeLeadership()退出时就说明它放弃了“Leader身份”，这时Curator会利用Zookeeper再从剩余的Listener中选出一个新的Leader。autoRequeue()方法使放弃Leadership的Listener有机会重新获得Leadership，如果不设置的话放弃了的Listener是不会再变成Leader的。

package com.cdai.codebase.bigdata.hadoop.zookeeper.curator;

import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework;
import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFrameworkFactory;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.leader.LeaderSelector;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.leader.LeaderSelectorListener;
import org.apache.curator.framework.state.ConnectionState;
import org.apache.curator.retry.RetryNTimes;
import org.apache.curator.utils.EnsurePath;

/**
* Curator framework's leader election test.
* Output:
*  LeaderSelector-2 take leadership!
*  LeaderSelector-2 relinquish leadership!
*  LeaderSelector-1 take leadership!
*  LeaderSelector-1 relinquish leadership!
*  LeaderSelector-0 take leadership!
*  LeaderSelector-0 relinquish leadership!
*      ...
*/
public class CuratorLeaderTest {

/** Zookeeper info */
private static final String ZK_ADDRESS = "192.168.1.100:2181";
private static final String ZK_PATH = "/zktest";

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
LeaderSelectorListener listener = new LeaderSelectorListener() {
@Override
public void takeLeadership(CuratorFramework client) throws Exception {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " take leadership!");

// takeLeadership() method should only return when leadership is being relinquished.
Thread.sleep(5000L);

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " relinquish leadership!");
}

@Override
public void stateChanged(CuratorFramework client, ConnectionState state) {
}
};

new Thread(() -> {
registerListener(listener);
}).start();

new Thread(() -> {
registerListener(listener);
}).start();

new Thread(() -> {
registerListener(listener);
}).start();

Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}

private static void registerListener(LeaderSelectorListener listener) {
// 1.Connect to zk
CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.newClient(
ZK_ADDRESS,
new RetryNTimes(10, 5000)
);
client.start();

// 2.Ensure path
try {
new EnsurePath(ZK_PATH).ensure(client.getZookeeperClient());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

// 3.Register listener
LeaderSelector selector = new LeaderSelector(client, ZK_PATH, listener);
selector.autoRequeue();
selector.start();
}

}