ElasticSearch的增删改查API介绍

1、基本用法

Elasticsearch集群可以包含多个索引（indices），每一个索引可以包含多个类型（types），每一个类型包含多个文档（documents），然后每个文档包含多个字段（Fields），它是面向文档型的储存。ES比传统关系型数据库，就像如下：

Relational DB -> Databases -> Tables -> Rows -> Columns
Elasticsearch -> Indices   -> Types  -> Documents -> Fields

2、创建Client

public ElasticSearchService(String ipAddress, int port) {
client = new TransportClient()
.addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress(ipAddress, port));
}

这里是一个TransportClient。ES下两种客户端对比：

（1）TransportClient：轻量级的Client，使用Netty线程池，Socket连接到ES集群。本身不加入到集群，只作为请求的处理。

（2）Node Client：客户端节点本身也是ES节点，加入到集群，和其他ElasticSearch节点一样。频繁的开启和关闭这类Node Clients会在集群中产生“噪音”。

3、创建/删除Index和Type信息

//* 1、 创建索引
public void createIndex() {
client.admin().indices().create(new CreateIndexRequest(IndexName))
.actionGet();
}

// 2、 清除所有索引
public void deleteIndex() {
IndicesExistsResponse indicesExistsResponse = client.admin().indices()
.exists(new IndicesExistsRequest(new String[] { IndexName }))
.actionGet();
if (indicesExistsResponse.isExists()) {
client.admin().indices().delete(new DeleteIndexRequest(IndexName))
.actionGet();
}
}

// 3、 删除Index下的某个Type
public void deleteType(){
client.prepareDelete().setIndex(IndexName).setType(TypeName)
.execute().actionGet();
}

// 4、 定义索引的映射类型（mapping）
public void defineIndexTypeMapping() {
try {
XContentBuilder mapBuilder = XContentFactory.jsonBuilder();
mapBuilder.startObject()
.startObject(TypeName)
.startObject("properties")
.startObject(IDFieldName).field("type", "long").field("store", "yes").endObject()
.startObject(SeqNumFieldName).field("type", "long").field("store", "yes").endObject()
.startObject(IMSIFieldName).field("type", "string").field("index", "not_analyzed").field("store", "yes").endObject()
.startObject(IMEIFieldName).field("type", "string").field("index", "not_analyzed").field("store", "yes").endObject()
.startObject(DeviceIDFieldName).field("type", "string").field("index", "not_analyzed").field("store", "yes").endObject()
.startObject(OwnAreaFieldName).field("type", "string").field("index", "not_analyzed").field("store", "yes").endObject()
.startObject(TeleOperFieldName).field("type", "string").field("index", "not_analyzed").field("store", "yes").endObject()
.startObject(TimeFieldName).field("type", "date").field("store", "yes").endObject()
.endObject()
.endObject()
.endObject();

PutMappingRequest putMappingRequest = Requests
.putMappingRequest(IndexName).type(TypeName).source(mapBuilder);
client.admin().indices().putMapping(putMappingRequest).actionGet();
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error(e.toString());
}
}

这里自定义了某个Type的索引映射（Mapping），默认ES会自动处理数据类型的映射：针对整型映射为long，浮点数为double，字符串映射为string，时间为date，true或false为boolean。

注意：针对字符串，ES默认会做“analyzed”处理，即先做分词、去掉stop words等处理再index。如果你需要把一个字符串做为整体被索引到，需要把这个字段这样设置：field(“index”, “not_analyzed”)。

4、查询索引数据

// 批量索引数据
public void indexHotSpotDataList(List<Hotspotdata> dataList) {
if (dataList != null) {
int size = dataList.size();
if (size > 0) {
BulkRequestBuilder bulkRequest = client.prepareBulk();
for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
Hotspotdata data = dataList.get(i);
String jsonSource = getIndexDataFromHotspotData(data);
if (jsonSource != null) {
bulkRequest.add(client.prepareIndex(IndexName, TypeName,
data.getId().toString())
.setRefresh(true).setSource(jsonSource));
}
}

BulkResponse bulkResponse = bulkRequest.execute().actionGet();
if (bulkResponse.hasFailures()) {
Iterator<BulkItemResponse> iter = bulkResponse.iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
BulkItemResponse itemResponse = iter.next();
if (itemResponse.isFailed()) {
log.error(itemResponse.getFailureMessage());
}
}
}
}
}
}

// 索引数据
public boolean indexHotspotData(Hotspotdata data) {
String jsonSource = getIndexDataFromHotspotData(data);
if (jsonSource != null) {
IndexRequestBuilder requestBuilder = client.prepareIndex(IndexName,
TypeName).setRefresh(true);
requestBuilder.setSource(jsonSource)
.execute().actionGet();
return true;
}

return false;
}

// 得到索引字符串
public String getIndexDataFromHotspotData(Hotspotdata data) {
String jsonString = null;
if (data != null) {
try {
XContentBuilder jsonBuilder = XContentFactory.jsonBuilder();
jsonBuilder.startObject().field(IDFieldName, data.getId())
.field(SeqNumFieldName, data.getSeqNum())
.field(IMSIFieldName, data.getImsi())
.field(IMEIFieldName, data.getImei())
.field(DeviceIDFieldName, data.getDeviceID())
.field(OwnAreaFieldName, data.getOwnArea())
.field(TeleOperFieldName, data.getTeleOper())
.field(TimeFieldName, data.getCollectTime())
.endObject();
jsonString = jsonBuilder.string();
} catch (IOException e) {
log.equals(e);
}
}

return jsonString;
}

ES支持批量和单个数据索引。

5、查询文档数据

//* 获取少量数据100个
private List<Integer> getSearchData(QueryBuilder queryBuilder) {
List<Integer> ids = new ArrayList<>();
SearchResponse searchResponse = client.prepareSearch(IndexName)
.setTypes(TypeName).setQuery(queryBuilder).setSize(100)
.execute().actionGet();
SearchHits searchHits = searchResponse.getHits();
for (SearchHit searchHit : searchHits) {
Integer id = (Integer) searchHit.getSource().get("id");
ids.add(id);
}
return ids;
}

// 获取大量数据
private List<Integer> getSearchDataByScrolls(QueryBuilder queryBuilder) {
List<Integer> ids = new ArrayList<>();
// 一次获取100000数据
SearchResponse scrollResp = client.prepareSearch(IndexName)
.setSearchType(SearchType.SCAN).setScroll(new TimeValue(60000))
.setQuery(queryBuilder).setSize(100000).execute().actionGet();
while (true) {
for (SearchHit searchHit : scrollResp.getHits().getHits()) {
Integer id = (Integer) searchHit.getSource().get(IDFieldName);
ids.add(id);
}
scrollResp = client.prepareSearchScroll(scrollResp.getScrollId())
.setScroll(new TimeValue(600000)).execute().actionGet();
if (scrollResp.getHits().getHits().length == 0) {
break;
}
}

return ids;
}

这里的QueryBuilder是一个查询条件，ES支持分页查询获取数据，也可以一次性获取大量数据，需要使用Scroll Search。

6、聚合（Aggregation Facet）查询

//* 得到某段时间内设备列表上每个设备的数据分布情况<设备ID，数量>
public Map<String, String> getDeviceDistributedInfo(String startTime,
String endTime, List<String> deviceList) {

Map<String, String> resultsMap = new HashMap<>();

QueryBuilder deviceQueryBuilder = getDeviceQueryBuilder(deviceList);
QueryBuilder rangeBuilder = getDateRangeQueryBuilder(startTime, endTime);
QueryBuilder queryBuilder = QueryBuilders.boolQuery().must(deviceQueryBuilder)
.must(rangeBuilder);

TermsBuilder termsBuilder = AggregationBuilders.terms("DeviceIDAgg")
.size(Integer.MAX_VALUE)
.field(DeviceIDFieldName);
SearchResponse searchResponse = client.prepareSearch(IndexName)
.setQuery(queryBuilder)
.addAggregation(termsBuilder)
.execute().actionGet();
Terms terms = searchResponse.getAggregations().get("DeviceIDAgg");
if (terms != null) {
for (Terms.Bucket entry : terms.getBuckets()) {
resultsMap.put(entry.getKey(),
String.valueOf(entry.getDocCount()));
}
}
return resultsMap;
}