java后台如何生成验证码

验证码

 

主要分三步

1 页面部分填写验证码的代码

<input type="Captcha"class="Captcha" name="checkcode" placeholder="请输入验证码！">

<img id="myimg" src="/dada/CheckcodeServlet"style="cursor:pointer; " onclick="change();"/>

 

Dada  是项目名需要换成自己项目名

 

效果图

（样式需要自己改一下）这几行是js代码，直接粘在html页面的head部分就行

<script
type="text/javascript">
     
function change(){
      //切换验证码
      document.getElementById("myimg").src="/dada/checkcode?"+new
Date().getTime();
   }
</script>

 

2 验证码的图片啊，文字啊是在CheckcodeServlet这个文件中生成的，代码如下（注意改包名）

package com.gaobo.zh.dada.servlet;

 

import java.awt.Color;

import java.awt.Font;

import java.awt.Graphics;

import java.awt.Graphics2D;

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.util.Random;

 

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

 

 

public class CheckcodeServlet extendsHttpServlet {

 

         publicvoid doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

                            throwsServletException, IOException {

                   intwidth = 120;

                   intheight = 30;

                   //1、创建一张 内存中缓冲图片

                   BufferedImagebufferedImage = new BufferedImage(width, height,

                                     BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

 

                   //2、背景色

                   Graphicsgraphics = bufferedImage.getGraphics(); // 通过 graphics对象 绘制图片

                   //设置颜色

                   graphics.setColor(Color.white);

                   graphics.fillRect(0,0, width, height);

 

                   //3、边框

                   graphics.setColor(Color.white);

                   graphics.drawRect(0,0, width - 1, height - 1);

 

                   //4、写验证码内容

                   Graphics2Dgraphics2d = (Graphics2D) bufferedImage.getGraphics();

                   graphics2d.setColor(Color.black);

                   //设置字体

                   graphics2d.setFont(newFont("宋体", Font.BOLD, 22));

                   //String content =

                   Stringcontent = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890";

         //      String content ="\u7684\u4e00\u4e86\u662f\u6211\u4e0d\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u6709\u6765\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e0a\u7740\u4e2a\u5730\u5230\u5927\u91cc\u8bf4\u5c31\u53bb\u5b50\u5f97\u4e5f\u548c\u90a3\u8981\u4e0b\u770b\u5929\u65f6\u8fc7\u51fa\u5c0f\u4e48\u8d77\u4f60\u90fd\u628a\u597d\u8fd8\u591a\u6ca1\u4e3a\u53c8\u53ef\u5bb6\u5b66\u53ea\u4ee5\u4e3b\u4f1a\u6837\u5e74\u60f3\u751f\u540c\u8001\u4e2d\u5341\u4ece\u81ea\u9762\u524d\u5934\u9053\u5b83\u540e\u7136\u8d70\u5f88\u50cf\u89c1\u4e24\u7528\u5979\u56fd\u52a8\u8fdb\u6210\u56de\u4ec0\u8fb9\u4f5c\u5bf9\u5f00\u800c\u5df1\u4e9b\u73b0\u5c71\u6c11\u5019\u7ecf\u53d1\u5de5\u5411\u4e8b\u547d\u7ed9\u957f\u6c34\u51e0\u4e49\u4e09\u58f0\u4e8e\u9ad8\u624b\u77e5\u7406\u773c\u5fd7\u70b9\u5fc3\u6218\u4e8c\u95ee\u4f46\u8eab\u65b9\u5b9e\u5403\u505a\u53eb\u5f53\u4f4f\u542c\u9769\u6253\u5462\u771f\u5168\u624d\u56db\u5df2\u6240\u654c\u4e4b\u6700\u5149\u4ea7\u60c5\u8def\u5206\u603b\u6761\u767d\u8bdd\u4e1c\u5e2d\u6b21\u4eb2\u5982\u88ab\u82b1\u53e3\u653e\u513f\u5e38\u6c14\u4e94\u7b2c\u4f7f\u5199\u519b\u5427\u6587\u8fd0\u518d\u679c\u600e\u5b9a\u8bb8\u5feb\u660e\u884c\u56e0\u522b\u98de\u5916\u6811\u7269\u6d3b\u90e8\u95e8\u65e0\u5f80\u8239\u671b\u65b0\u5e26\u961f\u5148\u529b\u5b8c\u5374\u7ad9\u4ee3\u5458\u673a\u66f4\u4e5d\u60a8\u6bcf\u98ce\u7ea7\u8ddf\u7b11\u554a\u5b69\u4e07\u5c11\u76f4\u610f\u591c\u6bd4\u9636\u8fde\u8f66\u91cd\u4fbf\u6597\u9a6c\u54ea\u5316\u592a\u6307\u53d8\u793e\u4f3c\u58eb\u8005\u5e72\u77f3\u6ee1\u65e5\u51b3\u767e\u539f\u62ff\u7fa4\u7a76\u5404\u516d\u672c\u601d\u89e3\u7acb\u6cb3\u6751\u516b\u96be\u65e9\u8bba\u5417\u6839\u5171\u8ba9\u76f8\u7814\u4eca\u5176\u4e66\u5750\u63a5\u5e94\u5173\u4fe1\u89c9\u6b65\u53cd\u5904\u8bb0\u5c06\u5343\u627e\u4e89\u9886\u6216\u5e08\u7ed3\u5757\u8dd1\u8c01\u8349\u8d8a\u5b57\u52a0\u811a\u7d27\u7231\u7b49\u4e60\u9635\u6015\u6708\u9752\u534a\u706b\u6cd5\u9898\u5efa\u8d76\u4f4d\u5531\u6d77\u4e03\u5973\u4efb\u4ef6\u611f\u51c6\u5f20\u56e2\u5c4b\u79bb\u8272\u8138\u7247\u79d1\u5012\u775b\u5229\u4e16\u521a\u4e14\u7531\u9001\u5207\u661f\u5bfc\u665a\u8868\u591f\u6574\u8ba4\u54cd\u96ea\u6d41\u672a\u573a\u8be5\u5e76\u5e95\u6df1\u523b\u5e73\u4f1f\u5fd9\u63d0\u786e\u8fd1\u4eae\u8f7b\u8bb2\u519c\u53e4\u9ed1\u544a\u754c\u62c9\u540d\u5440\u571f\u6e05\u9633\u7167\u529e\u53f2\u6539\u5386\u8f6c\u753b\u9020\u5634\u6b64\u6cbb\u5317\u5fc5\u670d\u96e8\u7a7f\u5185\u8bc6\u9a8c\u4f20\u4e1a\u83dc\u722c\u7761\u5174\u5f62\u91cf\u54b1\u89c2\u82e6\u4f53\u4f17\u901a\u51b2\u5408\u7834\u53cb\u5ea6\u672f\u996d\u516c\u65c1\u623f\u6781\u5357\u67aa\u8bfb\u6c99\u5c81\u7ebf\u91ce\u575a\u7a7a\u6536\u7b97\u81f3\u653f\u57ce\u52b3\u843d\u94b1\u7279\u56f4\u5f1f\u80dc\u6559\u70ed\u5c55\u5305\u6b4c\u7c7b\u6e10\u5f3a\u6570\u4e61\u547c\u6027\u97f3\u7b54\u54e5\u9645\u65e7\u795e\u5ea7\u7ae0\u5e2e\u5566\u53d7\u7cfb\u4ee4\u8df3\u975e\u4f55\u725b\u53d6\u5165\u5cb8\u6562\u6389\u5ffd\u79cd\u88c5\u9876\u6025\u6797\u505c\u606f\u53e5\u533a\u8863\u822c\u62a5\u53f6\u538b\u6162\u53d4\u80cc\u7ec6";

 

                   //内容四个字 --- 随机从content中抽取四个字

                   Randomrandom = new Random();

                   intx = 10;

                   inty = 20;

 

                   StringBufferstringBuffer = new StringBuffer();

 

                   for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { // 循环四次

                            //为字
9be6
生成旋转角度 -30---- 30

                            doublejiaodu = random.nextInt(60) - 30;

                            //将旋转角度 换算弧度

                            doubletheta = jiaodu / 180 * Math.PI;

                   //      System.out.println(theta);

 

                            intindex = random.nextInt(content.length());

                            charletter = content.charAt(index); // letter 验证码内容

 

                            stringBuffer.append(letter);

 

                            graphics2d.rotate(theta,x, y);

                            graphics2d.drawString(letter+ "", x, y);

                            //将角度还原

                            graphics2d.rotate(-theta,x, y);

                            x+= 30;

                   }

 

                   //将StringBuffer中四个字转换 String

                   Stringcheckcode = stringBuffer.toString();

                   //将验证码存入session

                   request.getSession().setAttribute("checkcode_session",checkcode);

 

                   //5 绘制随机干扰线

                   intx1;

                   intx2;

                   inty1;

                   inty2;

                   graphics.setColor(Color.LIGHT_GRAY);

                   for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

                            x1= random.nextInt(width);

                            x2= random.nextInt(width);

                            y1= random.nextInt(height);

                            y2= random.nextInt(height);

                            //根据两点 绘制直线

                            graphics.drawLine(x1,y1, x2, y2);

                   }

 

                   //内存中资源 释放

                   graphics.dispose();

 

                   //将图片输出到 浏览器 ImageIO

                   //将内存的图片 通过 浏览器输出流 写成 jpg格式图片

                   ImageIO.write(bufferedImage,"jpg", response.getOutputStream());

         }

 

         publicvoid doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

                            throwsServletException, IOException {

                   doGet(request,response);

         }

 

}

 

 

3 以下是需要写在LoginServlet或者do_login.jsp中的代码

 
      //
判断验证码输入是否正确
      Stringcheckcode =request.getParameter("checkcode");
      Stringcheckcode_session = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute(
                  
"checkcode_session");
      //
删除session中验证码
      request.getSession().removeAttribute("checkcode_session");
  
      //验证码不正确
      if (checkcode_session ==
null ||!checkcode_session.equals(checkcode)){
         response.sendRedirect("errcode.jsp");
         return;
      }

errcode.jsp是一个提示验证码错误的页面，也可以就用

   PrintWriteroutPrintWriter=response.getWriter();     outPrintWriter.print("验证码不正确");
提示，因为有汉字，所有注意设置编码