Linux与云计算——第二阶段Linux服务器架设 第一十二章：数据库搭建—MariaDB

[b]Linux与云计算——第二阶段Linux服务器架设[/b]

第一十二章：数据库搭建—MariaDB

2.1 安装MariaDB

[1] 安装并启动 MariaDB.

[root@server ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server[root@server ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf# 在[mysqld]部分添加[mysqld]character-set-server=utf8[root@server ~]# systemctl start mariadb [root@server ~]# systemctl enable mariadb ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service'

[2] MariaDB初始化设置.

[root@client ~]# mysql_secure_installation 使用root用户连接[root@client ~]# mysql -u root –pEnter password:Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MariaDB connection id is 3Server version: 5.5.37-MariaDB MariaDB ServerCopyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.# 查看用户列表MariaDB [(none)]> select user,host,password from mysql.user;+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+| user | host | password |+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+| root | localhost | *84BB5DF4823DA319BBF86C99624479A198E6EEE9 || root | 127.0.0.1 | *84BB5DF4823DA319BBF86C99624479A198E6EEE9 || root | ::1 | *84BB5DF4823DA319BBF86C99624479A198E6EEE9 |+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)# 查看数据库列表MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql || performance_schema |+--------------------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> exitBye

2.2 安装phpMyAdmin

[1] 安装并启动Apache httpd。

[2] 安装PHP

[3] 安装phpMyAdmin.

[root@server ~]# yum -y install phpMyAdmin php-mysql php-mcrypt[root@server ~]# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/phpMyAdmin.conf# line 15: 你允许访问的网段Require ip 127.0.0.1 192.168.96.0/24# line 32: 你允许访问的网段Require ip 127.0.0.1 192.168.96.0/24[root@client ~]# systemctl restart httpd

[4] 通过浏览器访问并登陆系统。

[5] 已经登陆. You can operate MariaDB on here.

2.3 Replication设置

MariaDB Replication的 主从配置的设置。

[1]更改设置，并且创建一个用户

[root@client ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf[mysqld]# 在mysqld 部分添加以下部分，得到二进制日志。log-bin=mysql-bin# 定义server IDserver-id=101[root@client ~]# systemctl restart mariadb [root@client ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password:Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MariaDB connection id is 2Server version: 5.5.41-MariaDB-log MariaDB ServerCopyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.#创建用户(set any password for 'password' section)MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to replica@'%' identified by 'password'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> exitBye

[2] Install and start MariaDB Server on Slave Host, refer to here.

[3] Change settings on Slave Host.

[root@repl01 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf[mysqld]# 在mysqld 部分添加以下部分，得到二进制日志。log-bin=mysql-bin# 定义server ID,不同于主配置文件的idserver-id=102# 只读read_only=1# 定义自己的主机名report-host=repl01.example.com[root@repl01 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb

[4] Get Dump-Data on Master Host.

[root@client ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password:Your MariaDB connection id is 3Server version: 5.5.41-MariaDB-log MariaDB ServerCopyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.#锁住所有的表MariaDB [(none)]> flush tables with read lock; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)# 显示状态 (remember File, Position value)MariaDB [(none)]> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| mysql-bin.000001 | 465 | | |+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)#保留之前的窗口，打开一个新的执行转储 [root@client ~]# mysqldump -u root -p --all-databases --lock-all-tables --events > mysql_dump.sql Enter password:# 返回之前的窗口，并解锁MariaDB [(none)]> unlock tables; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> exitBye#将转储转发至从服务器 [root@client ~]# scp mysql_dump.sql repl01.example.com:/tmp/ root@repl01.example.com's password:mysql_dump.sql 100% 515KB 514.7KB/s 00:00[5]在从服务器上配置replication准备好之后，确信工作正常从而在主服务器创建数据库#从主服务器导入转储 [root@repl01 ~]# mysql -u root -p < /tmp/mysql_dump.sql Enter password:[root@repl01 ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password:Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MariaDB connection id is 3Server version: 5.5.41-MariaDB-log MariaDB ServerCopyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MariaDB [(none)]> change master to -> master_host='10.0.0.31', # Master Hosts's IP -> master_user='replica', # replication ID -> master_password='password', # replication ID's password -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001', # File value confirmed on Master -> master_log_pos=465; # Position value confirmed on MasterQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.58 sec)# 开始 replicationMariaDB [(none)]> start slave;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)# 显示状态MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G*************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 10.0.0.31 Master_User: replica Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 536 Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 600 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 536 Relay_Log_Space: 896 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1011 row in set (0.00 sec)

2.4 Galera集群

Configure MariaDB Galera Cluster.All nodes in cluster become Master-Server in this configuration.

[1] 在所有节点安装MariaDB Galera 包

[root@client ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/mariadb.repo # MariaDB 10.0 CentOS repository list# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/[mariadb]name = MariaDBbaseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.0/centos7-amd64gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDBgpgcheck=1enabled=0[root@client ~]# yum --enablerepo=mariadb -y install MariaDB-Galera-server

[2] Configure a 1st node like follows.

[root@client ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf# line 19: uncomment and change like follows[galera]# Mandatory settingswsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera/libgalera_smm.so # specify all nodes in clusterwsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://10.0.0.31,10.0.0.51" # uncomment allbinlog_format=rowdefault_storage_engine=InnoDBinnodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2bind-address=0.0.0.0# 添加下面# 定义集群的名字wsrep_cluster_name="MariaDB_Cluster"# ip地址wsrep_node_address="10.0.0.31"# replication提供者wsrep_sst_method=rsync[root@client ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql bootstrap Bootstrapping the cluster.. Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!# 加载基本的信息[root@client ~]# mysql_secure_installation

[3] Configure other nodes except a node of previous section like follows.

[root@node01 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf# line 19: 更改下面的信息[galera]# 强制设置wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera/libgalera_smm.so # 指定集群中的所有节点wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://10.0.0.31,10.0.0.51" #取消binlog_format=rowdefault_storage_engine=InnoDBinnodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2bind-address=0.0.0.0# 添加信息# 集群名称wsrep_cluster_name="MariaDB_Cluster"# IP 地址wsrep_node_address="10.0.0.51"# replication 提供者wsrep_sst_method=rsync[root@node01 ~]# systemctl start mysql

[4] The Cluster settings is OK, Make sute the status like follows. It's OK if "wsrep_local_state_comment" is "Synced".

[root@node01 ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password:Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MariaDB connection id is 6Server version: 10.0.20-MariaDB-wsrep MariaDB Server, wsrep_25.10.r4144 Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> show status like 'wsrep_%'; +------------------------------+--------------------------------------+| Variable_name | Value |+------------------------------+--------------------------------------+| wsrep_local_state_uuid | 20329169-3414-11e5-9285-cab5ed757f81 || wsrep_protocol_version | 7 || wsrep_last_committed | 3 || wsrep_replicated | 0 || wsrep_replicated_bytes | 0 || wsrep_repl_keys | 0 || wsrep_repl_keys_bytes | 0 || wsrep_repl_data_bytes | 0 || wsrep_repl_other_bytes | 0 || wsrep_received | 3 || wsrep_received_bytes | 237 || wsrep_local_commits | 0 || wsrep_local_cert_failures | 0 || wsrep_local_replays | 0 || wsrep_local_send_queue | 0 || wsrep_local_send_queue_max | 2 || wsrep_local_send_queue_min | 0 || wsrep_local_send_queue_avg | 0.333333 || wsrep_local_recv_queue | 0 || wsrep_local_recv_queue_max | 1 || wsrep_local_recv_queue_min | 0 || wsrep_local_recv_queue_avg | 0.000000 || wsrep_local_cached_downto | 18446744073709551615 || wsrep_flow_control_paused_ns | 0 || wsrep_flow_control_paused | 0.000000 || wsrep_flow_control_sent | 0 || wsrep_flow_control_recv | 0 || wsrep_cert_deps_distance | 0.000000 || wsrep_apply_oooe | 0.000000 || wsrep_apply_oool | 0.000000 || wsrep_apply_window | 0.000000 || wsrep_commit_oooe | 0.000000 || wsrep_commit_oool | 0.000000 || wsrep_commit_window | 0.000000 || wsrep_local_state | 4 || wsrep_local_state_comment | Synced || wsrep_cert_index_size | 0 || wsrep_causal_reads | 0 || wsrep_cert_interval | 0.000000 || wsrep_incoming_addresses | 10.0.0.31:3306,10.0.0.51:3306 || wsrep_evs_delayed | || wsrep_evs_evict_list | || wsrep_evs_repl_latency | 0/0/0/0/0 || wsrep_evs_state | OPERATIONAL || wsrep_gcomm_uuid | 69d7b95d-3415-11e5-9666-7be9d4b6159d || wsrep_cluster_conf_id | 2 || wsrep_cluster_size | 2 || wsrep_cluster_state_uuid | 20329169-3414-11e5-9285-cab5ed757f81 || wsrep_cluster_status | Primary || wsrep_connected | ON || wsrep_local_bf_aborts | 0 || wsrep_local_index | 1 || wsrep_provider_name | Galera || wsrep_provider_vendor | Codership Oy <info@codership.com> || wsrep_provider_version | 25.3.9(r3387) || wsrep_ready | ON || wsrep_thread_count | 2 |+------------------------------+--------------------------------------+57 ows in set (0.00 sec)