nginx反向代理tomcat集群实现动静分离

参考：http://www.iyunv.com/thread-26870-1-1.html

实验环境：192.168.127.141 nginx+tomcat
192.168.127.130 tomcat
安装nginx和tomcat省略

nginx配置文件：

user nobody nobody;
worker_processes  8;
error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log crit;
pid        /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections  65535;
}
http {
include       mime.types;
default_type  application/octet-stream;
access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log;
charset utf-8;
sendfile        on;
tcp_nopush     on;
keepalive_timeout  60;
client_body_buffer_size  512k;
proxy_connect_timeout    5;
proxy_read_timeout       60;
proxy_send_timeout       5;
proxy_buffer_size        16k;
proxy_buffers            4 64k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;
gzip  on;
gzip_min_length  1k;
gzip_buffers     4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
upstream web_server {
server 192.168.127.130:8080 weight=1;
server 192.168.127.141:8080 weight=1;
}
server {
listen       80;
server_name  192.168.127.141;
root   /usr/local/nginx/html;
index  index.html index.htm index.php;
location ~ \.php$ {
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
}

##动态文件转发到后端的tomcat集群
location ~.*\.(php|jsp|cgi?$){
proxy_pass http://web_server; proxy_set_header Host  $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP  $remote_addr;
}
location ~.*\.(htm|html|gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|ioc|rar|zip|txt|flv|mid|doc|ppt|pdf|xls|mp3|wma)$
{
# root /usr/local/nginx/html;  ##这个目录根据自己的情况定义，这是静态文件所放的目录
expires 30d;
}

## js、css文件从本地读取，且定义在浏览器中缓存1小时
location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$

{
expires 1h;
}
}
}

注意：
把tomcat下面的ROOT目录复制到/usr/local/nginx/html这个目录下面
nginx配置文件设置：
root /usr/local/nginx/html/ROOT;
测试反向代理和负载均衡：
这样我们直接访问http://192.168.127.141就出现了tomcat的页面了，说明我们的反向代理成功了，如图： 两个不同的页面说明我们的负载均衡也成功了。







测试动静分离：
分别在两台tomcat服务器上面建立两个文件,便于测试

cd /usr/local/tomcat//webapps/
mkdir shop
vi shop/test.html
141  html !
vi shop/test.jsp
141 jsp!

cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/
mkdir shop
vi shop/test.html
130  html!
vi shop/test.jsp
130 jsp!

测试tomcat是否正常工作，浏览器中访问，能够正常显示测试页面，表明工作正常 http://192.168.127.141:8080/shop/test.html http://192.168.127.141:8080/shop/test.jsp http://192.168.127.130:8080/shop/test.html http://192.168.127.130:8080/shop/test.jsp

在nginx的/usr/local/nginx/html/ROOT 目录下创建测试目录shop、测试文件test.html和test.jsp
mkdir shop

vi shop/test.html
141 html nginx
vi shop/test.jsp
141jsp
在浏览器中访问http://192.168.127.141/shop/test.html ，无论怎样刷新，页面都显示如下：




在浏览器中访问http://192.168.127.141/shop/test.jsp,刷新几次，显示不同的内容，如下






从结果来看，访问html静态文件时，返回的是nginx中的文件，而访问jsp动态页面时则是轮询后端的tomcat集群。至此，反向代理+动静分离已经实现。
最后我们来比较动静分离与单纯的反向代理的性能差异：
安装ab工具 yum install httpd-tools

测试tomcat

ab -n 20000 -c 3000 http://127.0.0.1:8080/shop/test.html Server Software:        Apache-Coyote/1.1
Server Hostname:        127.0.0.1
Server Port:            8080
Document Path:          /shop/test.html
Document Length:        9 bytes
Concurrency Level:      3000
Time taken for tests:   7.115 seconds
Complete requests:      20000
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      5011750 bytes
HTML transferred:       180423 bytes
Requests per second:    2810.88 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       1067.281 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       0.356 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          687.86 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        0  637 903.3     85    3110
Processing:     3  119 270.8     74    4494
Waiting:        1   95 270.2     56    4492
Total:         25  756 1004.8    170    6766

一共请求20000次，每次3000的并发访问，总共用的时间为7.115秒，吞吐量为0.68M/s

测试nginx

ab -n 20000 -c 3000 http://127.0.0.1:80/shop/test.html Server Software:        nginx/1.6.2
Server Hostname:        127.0.0.1
Server Port:            80
Document Path:          /shop/test.html
Document Length:        15 bytes
Concurrency Level:      3000
Time taken for tests:   2.483 seconds
Complete requests:      20000
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      6960599 bytes
HTML transferred:       315435 bytes
Requests per second:    8056.09 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       372.389 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       0.124 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          2738.05 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        0  169 191.8    129    1133
Processing:    87  176  49.1    173     335
Waiting:        0  133  45.1    128     281
Total:        123  345 204.2    315    1400

相同压力下，访问nginx总共所用时间2.483秒，吞吐量位2.73M/s, 可见nginx在处理静态页面上远优于tomcat。