javaEE:day6-requset和response用法、表单参数的接受、文件手动上传(简易版)
2016-07-21 14:30
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通过<%=request.getContextPath() %>
可以将项目名写活,这样,即使项目名变了,仍可以运行。
request代码每一次请求的容器。浏览器每次请求都是一个新的request对象。因此放在request里面的属性request.getAttribute()
是空的,上一个request放的属性request.setAttribute()
是上一个的。与这次无关。但如果是转发的时候,那么request对象是共享的。这种情况下,两次的request是同一个。这种情况下,里面的属性可以共用的。
setCharacterEncoding()和getCharacterEncoding()
setCharacterEncoding()
只对post请求方式有效,因为它只设置请求体(正文)中内容的读取编码
如果不设置setCharacterEncoding(),那么默认的request.getCharacterEncoding()
是iso8859-1 返回的是null
getContentType()
如果是get提交则返回null
如果是post方式提交则返回:application/x-www-form-urlencoded
通过getMethod()判断请求方式,同时演示GET方式下的中文乱码解决
tomcat直接用iso8859-1解码,属于解码错误,如果非要用这种方式传中文,那么先还原再编码:
name = new String(name.getBytes("iso8859-1"),"utf-8");
注意,在get方式下的中文乱码解决不可靠。–如果避不开,那么就明确告诉用户,要使用什么浏览器访问!因为有的浏览器支持,而有的浏览器不支持。以上例子就有ie不支持,360支持。
获取客户端的国际化信息—浏览器Internet选项中设置的语言环境—-request.getLocale()
local.getCountry()
local.getDisplayCountry()
local.getDisplayLanguage()
local.getDisplayName()
参数接受–表单参数接受
单个参数值
request.getParameter("name");
多个参数值
方法1:
String hoby[]=request.getParameterValues("hoby");//如果某个参数的值有好几个,用这个方法 if (hoby!=null) { for (String str : hoby) { out.print( "<br/>"+str); System.out.println(str); } }
方法2:一次将所有表单参数封装到map中,然后通过操纵map拿值
//演示getParameterMap() Map<String, String[]> map = request.getParameterMap(); ////遍历出所有参数及值 Iterator<Entry<String, String[]>> it = map.entrySet().iterator(); while(it.hasNext()){ Entry<String, String[]> en = it.next(); String key = en.getKey(); String[] value = en.getValue(); out.println("参数名称:"+key); for(String v:value){ out.print("参数值:"+v+" "); } }
获取客户端的ip和端口号
String ip= request.getRemoteHost(); int port = request.getRemotePort(); out.print("<br>"+ip+":"+port);
request.getQueryString()
request.getQueryString()是将get方式提交的请求地址 ? 后面的都封装成一个字符串。文件上传
简易版:手动处理文件上传
在<form>中加入属性:
enctype="multipart/form-data"这样拿到的就是多段字符串。而不是一个文件名。但是这种手动上传很麻烦,要自己去解析。我们在下一篇博客文章中使用阿帕奇公司-Commons-io.jar 和 Commos-fileupload.jar写好的去做文件上传
本文完整代码如下:
index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>演示request和response用法</title> </head> <body> <!--通过request.getContextPath()可以把项目根目录(项目名)写活 --> <form action="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/requestDemo" method="post"> 姓名:<input type="text" name="name" /><br/> <input type="submit" value="提交"/> </form> <!-- 演示表单参数的接受 --> <form action="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/param" method="post"> 姓名:<input type="text" name="name" /><br/> 年龄:<input type="text" name="age" /><br/> <input type="checkbox" name="hoby" value="music" />音乐 <input type="checkbox" name="hoby" value="tv" />电视 <input type="checkbox" name="hoby" value="game" />游戏<br/> <input type="radio" name="sex" value="0" checked="checked" >男 <input type="radio" name="sex" value="1">女 <input type="submit" value="提交"/> </form> <!-- 演示文件上传 --> <h2>文件上传手动版</h2> <form action="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/upload1" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> 文件名:<input type="file" name="fileName"> <input type="submit" value="上传"> </form> <!-- 上面这种手动上传 的方法不好。要自己解析,麻烦,我们用阿帕奇公司-Commons-io.jar 和 Commos-fileupload.jar写好的去做文件上传 --> </body> </html>
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="3.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"> <display-name></display-name> <servlet> <servlet-name>RequestDemo</servlet-name> <servlet-class>cn.hncu.servlets.RequestDemo</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>name</param-name> <param-value>Hello</param-value> </init-param> </servlet> <servlet> <servlet-name>ParamerServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>cn.hncu.servlets.ParamerServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet> <servlet-name>UpFileServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>cn.hncu.servlets.UpFileServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>RequestDemo</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/requestDemo</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>ParamerServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/param</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>UpFileServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/upload1</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
RequestDemo
package cn.hncu.servlets; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.util.Locale; import java.util.Random; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class RequestDemo extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doPost(request, response); } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">"); out.println("<HTML>"); out.println(" <HEAD><TITLE>A Servlet</TITLE></HEAD>"); out.println(" <BODY>"); out.print(request); //每一次请求,request对象是新的,因此这里读取的属性是null,因为之前放进去的属性是属于另一个request对象 //如果是转发,那么request对象是共享的即是同一个,这种情况下,里面的属性可以共用 int num = new Random().nextInt(200); if(request.getAttribute("name")==null){ System.out.println("放入:"+num); request.setAttribute("name", num); } //setCharacterEncoding()只对post请求方式有效,因为它只设置请求体(正文)中内容的读取编码 //以下演示setCharacterEncoding()和getCharacterEncoding() request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); String character = request.getCharacterEncoding();//utf-8 //如果没有设置的话 默认的request.getCharacterEncoding()是iso8859-1 返回的是null // String character = request.getCharacterEncoding();//null System.out.println(character); //以下演示getContentType()----如果是get提交则返回null, //如果是post方式提交则返回:application/x-www-form-urlencoded String contextType = request.getContentType(); System.out.println(contextType);//application/x-www-form-urlencoded //下面演示通过getMethod()判断请求方式,同时演示GET方式下的中文乱码解决-- //注意,不可靠!!!--如果避不开,那么就明确告诉用户,要使用什么浏览器访问! String name = request.getParameter("name"); if(request.getMethod().equals("GET")){ System.out.println("DOGET..."); name = new String(name.getBytes("iso8859-1"),"utf-8"); System.out.println(name); out.print("<br/>name:"+name); } //获取客户端的国际化信息---浏览器Internet选项中设置的语言环境 Locale local = request.getLocale(); out.println("<br/>Country:"+local.getCountry());//Country:CN out.println("<br/>DisplayCountry:"+local.getDisplayCountry());//DisplayCountry:中国 out.println("<br/>DisplayLanguage:"+local.getDisplayLanguage());//DisplayLanguage:中文 out.println("<br/>DisplayName:"+local.getDisplayName());//DisplayName:中文 (中国) out.println("<br/>"+request.getAttribute("name")); out.println(" </BODY>"); out.println("</HTML>"); out.flush(); out.close(); } }
ParamerServlet
package cn.hncu.servlets; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.util.Enumeration; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Map.Entry; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class ParamerServlet extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doPost(request, response); } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8"); request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">"); out.println("<HTML>"); out.println(" <HEAD><TITLE>A Servlet</TITLE></HEAD>"); out.println(" <BODY>"); String name = request.getParameter("name");//读取单个参数值 String age = request.getParameter("age"); out.println("name:"+name); out.println("age:"+age); String hoby[]=request.getParameterValues("hoby");//如果某个参数的值有好几个,用这个方法 if (hoby!=null) { for (String str : hoby) { out.print( "<br/>"+str); System.out.println(str); } } String sex = request.getParameter("sex"); if ("1".equals(sex)) { out.print("<br/>女" ); }else{ out.print("<br/>男" ); } System.out.println("sex="+sex); //演示getParameterMap() Map<String, String[]> map = request.getParameterMap(); ////遍历出所有参数及值 Iterator<Entry<String, String[]>> it = map.entrySet().iterator(); while(it.hasNext()){ Entry<String, String[]> en = it.next(); String key = en.getKey(); String[] value = en.getValue(); out.println("参数名称:"+key); for(String v:value){ out.print("参数值:"+v+" "); } } ////获取客户端的ip和端口号 String ip= request.getRemoteHost(); int port = request.getRemotePort(); out.print("<br>"+ip+":"+port); String queryStr= request.getQueryString(); out.println("queryStr:"+queryStr); out.println(" </BODY>"); out.println("</HTML>"); out.flush(); out.close(); } }
UpFileServlet
package cn.hncu.servlets; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.io.PrintWriter; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class UpFileServlet extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doPost(request, response); } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); InputStream in = request.getInputStream(); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in)); String line = null; while((line=br.readLine())!=null){ System.out.println(line); } } }
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