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struts2处理请求的过程

2016-07-17 17:59 399 查看
官方的流程图:



客户端对tomcat服务器发出请求,将请求封装成HttpRequest对象,并进行预处理操作(如设置编码等);

通过web.xml文件 找到struts2的前端控制器StrutsPrepareAndExcuteFilter,并调用doFilter()方法。

[java] view
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public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {

HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;

HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;

try {

prepare.setEncodingAndLocale(request, response);

prepare.createActionContext(request, response);

prepare.assignDispatcherToThread();

if ( excludedPatterns != null && prepare.isUrlExcluded(request, excludedPatterns)) {

chain.doFilter(request, response);

} else {

request = prepare.wrapRequest(request);

ActionMapping mapping = prepare.findActionMapping(request, response, true);

if (mapping == null) {

boolean handled = execute.executeStaticResourceRequest(request, response);

if (!handled) {

chain.doFilter(request, response);

}

} else {

execute.executeAction(request, response, mapping);

}

}

} finally {

prepare.cleanupRequest(request);

}

}

doFilter中:

1、设置编码;

2、创建ActionContext,创建ValueStack对象。

3、对请求进行重新封装,根据请求内容的类型不同,返回不同的对象:

如果为multipart/form-data类型,则返回MultiPartRequestWrapper类型的对象,否则返回StrutsRequestWrapper类型的对象,MultiPartRequestWrapper是StrutsRequestWrapper的子类,而这两个类都是HttpServletRequest接口的实现。

4、根据请求request获取actionMapping对象

ActionMapping mapping = prepare.findActionMapping(request, response, true);

如果mapping为null,说明请求的不是Action,会调用execute.executeStaticResourceRequest(request, response);方法,请求静态资源。

如果mapping不为null,调用execute.executeAction(request, response, mapping),在这个方法中又调用

dispatcher.serviceAction(request, response, servletContext, mapping);方法。

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public void serviceAction(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, ServletContext context,

ActionMapping mapping) throws ServletException {

Map<String, Object> extraContext = createContextMap(request, response, mapping, context);

// If there was a previous value stack, then create a new copy and pass it in to be used by the new Action

ValueStack stack = (ValueStack) request.getAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY);

boolean nullStack = stack == null;

if (nullStack) {

ActionContext ctx = ActionContext.getContext();

if (ctx != null) {

stack = ctx.getValueStack();

}

}

if (stack != null) {

extraContext.put(ActionContext.VALUE_STACK, valueStackFactory.createValueStack(stack));

}

String timerKey = "Handling request from Dispatcher";

try {

UtilTimerStack.push(timerKey);

String namespace = mapping.getNamespace();

String name = mapping.getName();

String method = mapping.getMethod();

Configuration config = configurationManager.getConfiguration();

ActionProxy proxy = config.getContainer().getInstance(ActionProxyFactory.class).createActionProxy(

namespace, name, method, extraContext, true, false);

request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY, proxy.getInvocation().getStack());

// if the ActionMapping says to go straight to a result, do it!

if (mapping.getResult() != null) {

Result result = mapping.getResult();

result.execute(proxy.getInvocation());

} else {

proxy.execute();

}

// If there was a previous value stack then set it back onto the request

if (!nullStack) {

request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY, stack);

}

} catch (ConfigurationException e) {

// WW-2874 Only log error if in devMode

if(devMode) {

String reqStr = request.getRequestURI();

if (request.getQueryString() != null) {

reqStr = reqStr + "?" + request.getQueryString();

}

LOG.error("Could not find action or result\n" + reqStr, e);

}

else {

LOG.warn("Could not find action or result", e);

}

sendError(request, response, context, HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND, e);

} catch (Exception e) {

sendError(request, response, context, HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, e);

} finally {

UtilTimerStack.pop(timerKey);

}

}

在这个serviceAction方法中,

1、将相关对象信息封装为Map(如:HttpServletRequest、Http parameters、HttpServletResponse、HttpSession、ServletContext、ActionMapping等对象信息),存入到执行上下文Map中,返回执行上下文Map对象extraMap;

2、获取ValueStack对象,并放入map中

3、获取mapping对象中存储的action命名空间、name属性、method属性等信息;

4、加载并解析Struts2配置文件,如果没有人为配置,默认按顺序加载struts-default.xml、struts-plugin.xml、struts.xml,将action配置、result配置、interceptor配置,解析并存入至config对象中,返回文件配置对象config;

5、 根据执行上下文Map、action命名空间、name属性、method属性等创建ActionProxy对象

createActionProxy()方法中:

5.1、创建invacation:ActionInvocation inv= new DefaultActionInvocation(extraContext, true);

5.2、创建proxy:DefaultActionProxy proxy = new DefaultActionProxy(inv, namespace, actionName, methodName, executeResult, cleanupContext);

5.3、接着,proxy.prepare();方法中

5.4、初始化action:invocation.init(this);方法中

使用反射创建action,并压入值栈栈顶,准备拦截器集合。

接着:

6、 执行ActionProxy对象的proxy.execute()方法,并转向结果;

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public String execute() throws Exception {

ActionContext previous = ActionContext.getContext();

ActionContext.setContext(invocation.getInvocationContext());

try {

// This is for the new API:

// return RequestContextImpl.callInContext(invocation, new Callable<String>() {

// public String call() throws Exception {

// return invocation.invoke();

// }

// });

return invocation.invoke();

} finally {

if (cleanupContext)

ActionContext.setContext(previous);

}

}

该方法调用了invocation.invoke()方法。

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public String invoke() throws Exception {

String profileKey = "invoke: ";

try {

UtilTimerStack.push(profileKey);

if (executed) {

throw new IllegalStateException("Action has already executed");

}

if (interceptors.hasNext()) {

final InterceptorMapping interceptor = (InterceptorMapping) interceptors.next();

String interceptorMsg = "interceptor: " + interceptor.getName();

UtilTimerStack.push(interceptorMsg);

try {

resultCode = interceptor.getInterceptor().intercept(DefaultActionInvocation.this);

}

finally {

UtilTimerStack.pop(interceptorMsg);

}

} else {

resultCode = invokeActionOnly();

}

// this is needed because the result will be executed, then control will return to the Interceptor, which will

// return above and flow through again

if (!executed) {

if (preResultListeners != null) {

for (Object preResultListener : preResultListeners) {

PreResultListener listener = (PreResultListener) preResultListener;

String _profileKey = "preResultListener: ";

try {

UtilTimerStack.push(_profileKey);

listener.beforeResult(this, resultCode);

}

finally {

UtilTimerStack.pop(_profileKey);

}

}

}

// now execute the result, if we're supposed to

if (proxy.getExecuteResult()) {

executeResult();

}

executed = true;

}

return resultCode;

}

finally {

UtilTimerStack.pop(profileKey);

}

}

该方法实现了对拦截器的递归调用,拦截器的实现采用了责任链模式,所有拦截器必须实现接口Interceptor的intercept(ActionInvocation
invocation)方法,该方法的参数为ActionInvocation,所以在方法最后调用invocation.invoke()方法就实现了拦截器的递归调用。

拦截器调用一遍,直到最后一个invoke()方法,拦截器列表中没有未执行的拦截器,这时,会执行action相应的方法,并得到resultCode,接着,在返回Result之前,会执行PreResultListener的beforeResult()方法 ,最后执行结果,找到resultCode对应的结果类型,生成result对象,根据result的信息,或者生成相应response,或者根据结果类型继续执行。最后,对于本次Action请求将相应的执行状态标志位设置,返回resultCode。

这时最后一个拦截器中的invoke()方法得到返回值,由于action和result相应的执行状态标志已经设置为执行过,所以通过上级拦截器中的invoke()方法将对下级拦截器的intercept()方法后的代码进行判断,action、result只执行一遍。然后拦截器由后往前返回,到此整个请求处理流程结束。

回顾整个流程:

a) 客户端初始化一个指向Servlet容器的请求;

b) 根据Web.xml配置,请求首先经过核心过滤器StrutsPrepareAndExcuteFilter,执行doFilter方法,在该方法中,这只编码,创建valuestack对象,询问ActionMapper来决定这个请求是否需要调用某个Action;如果ActionMapper决定需要调用某个Action,则ActionMapper会返回一个ActionMapping实例(存储Action的配置信息),调用executeAction()方法,

c)调用dispatcher.serviceAction()方法,创建ActionProxy(Action代理)对象,将请求交给代理对象继续处理;

d) ActionProxy对象根据ActionMapping和Configuration Manager询问框架的配置文件,找到需要调用的Action类;

e) ActionProxy对象创建时,会同时创建一个ActionInvocation的实例,并对action进行初始化,压入值栈栈顶;

f) 执行proxy.execute()方法,调用invocation.invoke()方法

f) ActionInvocation的invoke()方法中,在调用Action的过程前后,涉及到相关拦截器(Intercepter)的调用;

g) 一旦Action执行完毕,ActionInvocation实例负责根据struts.xml中的配置创建并返回Result。Result通常是一个需要被表示的JSP或者FreeMarker的模版,也可能是另外的一个Action链;

h) 如果要在返回Result之前做些什么,可以实现PreResultListener接口,PreResultListener可以在Interceptor中实现,也可以在Action中实现;

i) 根据Result对象信息,生成用户响应信息response,在生成响应过程中可以使用Struts2 框架中继承的标签,在此过程中仍会再次涉及到ActionMapper;

官方的流程图:



客户端对tomcat服务器发出请求,将请求封装成HttpRequest对象,并进行预处理操作(如设置编码等);

通过web.xml文件 找到struts2的前端控制器StrutsPrepareAndExcuteFilter,并调用doFilter()方法。

[java] view
plain copy

public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {

HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;

HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;

try {

prepare.setEncodingAndLocale(request, response);

prepare.createActionContext(request, response);

prepare.assignDispatcherToThread();

if ( excludedPatterns != null && prepare.isUrlExcluded(request, excludedPatterns)) {

chain.doFilter(request, response);

} else {

request = prepare.wrapRequest(request);

ActionMapping mapping = prepare.findActionMapping(request, response, true);

if (mapping == null) {

boolean handled = execute.executeStaticResourceRequest(request, response);

if (!handled) {

chain.doFilter(request, response);

}

} else {

execute.executeAction(request, response, mapping);

}

}

} finally {

prepare.cleanupRequest(request);

}

}

doFilter中:

1、设置编码;

2、创建ActionContext,创建ValueStack对象。

3、对请求进行重新封装,根据请求内容的类型不同,返回不同的对象:

如果为multipart/form-data类型,则返回MultiPartRequestWrapper类型的对象,否则返回StrutsRequestWrapper类型的对象,MultiPartRequestWrapper是StrutsRequestWrapper的子类,而这两个类都是HttpServletRequest接口的实现。

4、根据请求request获取actionMapping对象

ActionMapping mapping = prepare.findActionMapping(request, response, true);

如果mapping为null,说明请求的不是Action,会调用execute.executeStaticResourceRequest(request, response);方法,请求静态资源。

如果mapping不为null,调用execute.executeAction(request, response, mapping),在这个方法中又调用

dispatcher.serviceAction(request, response, servletContext, mapping);方法。

[java] view
plain copy

public void serviceAction(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, ServletContext context,

ActionMapping mapping) throws ServletException {

Map<String, Object> extraContext = createContextMap(request, response, mapping, context);

// If there was a previous value stack, then create a new copy and pass it in to be used by the new Action

ValueStack stack = (ValueStack) request.getAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY);

boolean nullStack = stack == null;

if (nullStack) {

ActionContext ctx = ActionContext.getContext();

if (ctx != null) {

stack = ctx.getValueStack();

}

}

if (stack != null) {

extraContext.put(ActionContext.VALUE_STACK, valueStackFactory.createValueStack(stack));

}

String timerKey = "Handling request from Dispatcher";

try {

UtilTimerStack.push(timerKey);

String namespace = mapping.getNamespace();

String name = mapping.getName();

String method = mapping.getMethod();

Configuration config = configurationManager.getConfiguration();

ActionProxy proxy = config.getContainer().getInstance(ActionProxyFactory.class).createActionProxy(

namespace, name, method, extraContext, true, false);

request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY, proxy.getInvocation().getStack());

// if the ActionMapping says to go straight to a result, do it!

if (mapping.getResult() != null) {

Result result = mapping.getResult();

result.execute(proxy.getInvocation());

} else {

proxy.execute();

}

// If there was a previous value stack then set it back onto the request

if (!nullStack) {

request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY, stack);

}

} catch (ConfigurationException e) {

// WW-2874 Only log error if in devMode

if(devMode) {

String reqStr = request.getRequestURI();

if (request.getQueryString() != null) {

reqStr = reqStr + "?" + request.getQueryString();

}

LOG.error("Could not find action or result\n" + reqStr, e);

}

else {

LOG.warn("Could not find action or result", e);

}

sendError(request, response, context, HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND, e);

} catch (Exception e) {

sendError(request, response, context, HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, e);

} finally {

UtilTimerStack.pop(timerKey);

}

}

在这个serviceAction方法中,

1、将相关对象信息封装为Map(如:HttpServletRequest、Http parameters、HttpServletResponse、HttpSession、ServletContext、ActionMapping等对象信息),存入到执行上下文Map中,返回执行上下文Map对象extraMap;

2、获取ValueStack对象,并放入map中

3、获取mapping对象中存储的action命名空间、name属性、method属性等信息;

4、加载并解析Struts2配置文件,如果没有人为配置,默认按顺序加载struts-default.xml、struts-plugin.xml、struts.xml,将action配置、result配置、interceptor配置,解析并存入至config对象中,返回文件配置对象config;

5、 根据执行上下文Map、action命名空间、name属性、method属性等创建ActionProxy对象

createActionProxy()方法中:

5.1、创建invacation:ActionInvocation inv= new DefaultActionInvocation(extraContext, true);

5.2、创建proxy:DefaultActionProxy proxy = new DefaultActionProxy(inv, namespace, actionName, methodName, executeResult, cleanupContext);

5.3、接着,proxy.prepare();方法中

5.4、初始化action:invocation.init(this);方法中

使用反射创建action,并压入值栈栈顶,准备拦截器集合。

接着:

6、 执行ActionProxy对象的proxy.execute()方法,并转向结果;

[java] view
plain copy

public String execute() throws Exception {

ActionContext previous = ActionContext.getContext();

ActionContext.setContext(invocation.getInvocationContext());

try {

// This is for the new API:

// return RequestContextImpl.callInContext(invocation, new Callable<String>() {

// public String call() throws Exception {

// return invocation.invoke();

// }

// });

return invocation.invoke();

} finally {

if (cleanupContext)

ActionContext.setContext(previous);

}

}

该方法调用了invocation.invoke()方法。

[java] view
plain copy

public String invoke() throws Exception {

String profileKey = "invoke: ";

try {

UtilTimerStack.push(profileKey);

if (executed) {

throw new IllegalStateException("Action has already executed");

}

if (interceptors.hasNext()) {

final InterceptorMapping interceptor = (InterceptorMapping) interceptors.next();

String interceptorMsg = "interceptor: " + interceptor.getName();

UtilTimerStack.push(interceptorMsg);

try {

resultCode = interceptor.getInterceptor().intercept(DefaultActionInvocation.this);

}

finally {

UtilTimerStack.pop(interceptorMsg);

}

} else {

resultCode = invokeActionOnly();

}

// this is needed because the result will be executed, then control will return to the Interceptor, which will

// return above and flow through again

if (!executed) {

if (preResultListeners != null) {

for (Object preResultListener : preResultListeners) {

PreResultListener listener = (PreResultListener) preResultListener;

String _profileKey = "preResultListener: ";

try {

UtilTimerStack.push(_profileKey);

listener.beforeResult(this, resultCode);

}

finally {

UtilTimerStack.pop(_profileKey);

}

}

}

// now execute the result, if we're supposed to

if (proxy.getExecuteResult()) {

executeResult();

}

executed = true;

}

return resultCode;

}

finally {

UtilTimerStack.pop(profileKey);

}

}

该方法实现了对拦截器的递归调用,拦截器的实现采用了责任链模式,所有拦截器必须实现接口Interceptor的intercept(ActionInvocation
invocation)方法,该方法的参数为ActionInvocation,所以在方法最后调用invocation.invoke()方法就实现了拦截器的递归调用。

拦截器调用一遍,直到最后一个invoke()方法,拦截器列表中没有未执行的拦截器,这时,会执行action相应的方法,并得到resultCode,接着,在返回Result之前,会执行PreResultListener的beforeResult()方法 ,最后执行结果,找到resultCode对应的结果类型,生成result对象,根据result的信息,或者生成相应response,或者根据结果类型继续执行。最后,对于本次Action请求将相应的执行状态标志位设置,返回resultCode。

这时最后一个拦截器中的invoke()方法得到返回值,由于action和result相应的执行状态标志已经设置为执行过,所以通过上级拦截器中的invoke()方法将对下级拦截器的intercept()方法后的代码进行判断,action、result只执行一遍。然后拦截器由后往前返回,到此整个请求处理流程结束。

回顾整个流程:

a) 客户端初始化一个指向Servlet容器的请求;

b) 根据Web.xml配置,请求首先经过核心过滤器StrutsPrepareAndExcuteFilter,执行doFilter方法,在该方法中,这只编码,创建valuestack对象,询问ActionMapper来决定这个请求是否需要调用某个Action;如果ActionMapper决定需要调用某个Action,则ActionMapper会返回一个ActionMapping实例(存储Action的配置信息),调用executeAction()方法,

c)调用dispatcher.serviceAction()方法,创建ActionProxy(Action代理)对象,将请求交给代理对象继续处理;

d) ActionProxy对象根据ActionMapping和Configuration Manager询问框架的配置文件,找到需要调用的Action类;

e) ActionProxy对象创建时,会同时创建一个ActionInvocation的实例,并对action进行初始化,压入值栈栈顶;

f) 执行proxy.execute()方法,调用invocation.invoke()方法

f) ActionInvocation的invoke()方法中,在调用Action的过程前后,涉及到相关拦截器(Intercepter)的调用;

g) 一旦Action执行完毕,ActionInvocation实例负责根据struts.xml中的配置创建并返回Result。Result通常是一个需要被表示的JSP或者FreeMarker的模版,也可能是另外的一个Action链;

h) 如果要在返回Result之前做些什么,可以实现PreResultListener接口,PreResultListener可以在Interceptor中实现,也可以在Action中实现;

i) 根据Result对象信息,生成用户响应信息response,在生成响应过程中可以使用Struts2 框架中继承的标签,在此过程中仍会再次涉及到ActionMapper;
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