Spring的配置项及其作用分析
2016-07-14 11:59
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</pre>日期： 2016-7-14<p></p><p></p><p>内容： Spring的配置项及其作用分析</p><h2><span style="color:#3366ff">1、 Bean的配置项:</span></h2><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span>①、ID：</div><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span>在整个IOC容器中Bean的唯一标识：</div><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span></div><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span>②、Class：</div><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span>指具体要实例化的哪一个类。</div><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span></div><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span>③、Scope：</div><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span>值范围，作用域；</div><div></div><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span>④、Constructor arguments:</div><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span>指构造器的参数；</div><div></div><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span>⑥、Properties:</div><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span>指属性，比如就是设值注入的属性设值；</div><div></div><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span>⑦、Autowiring mode</div><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span>自动装配的模式；<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div></div><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span>⑧、lazy-initialization mode：</div><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span>懒加载模式；</div><div></div><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span>⑨、Initialization/destruction method:</div><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span>初始化和销毁方法；</div><div></div><div></div><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span>假如需要在Bean中获取一个实例有两种方式，一种是通过ID去获取，另一种是通过class获取；</div><h2><span style="white-space:pre"></span><span style="color:#3366ff">2、 Bean的作用域：</span></h2><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span>Bean的作用域通常有五种类型：分别描述如下</div><div></div><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span>①、singleton: 单例模式，指一个Bean容器中只存在一份实例。</div><div></div><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span>②、prototype:每次请求(每一次使用)创建新的实例，destory方式不生效。</div><div></div><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span>③、request: 每一次http请求都会创建新的实例，并且只在当前的request内有效。</div><div></div><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span>④、session: 同上，每次http请求之后创建，并且只在当前session内有效。</div><div></div><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span>⑤、global session: 基于portlet的web中有效(portlet定义了global session)，如果实在web中就和session相同。</div><div></div><div></div><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span>以下测试singleton和prototype两个作用域的使用：</div><div></div><h4><span style="white-space:pre"></span>1)、singleton单例：</h4><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span>在com.bean.BeanScope.java:</div><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span><pre name="code" class="java">package com.bean;
//测试singleton的作用域
public class BeanScope {
public void say()
{
//使用hashCode()测试是不是单例的--->在配置文件applicationContext_Beanscope.xml中配置Bean
System.out.println("BeanScope say： "+this.hashCode());
}
}在applicationContext_BeanScope.xml中添加scope="singleton"的选项，这里也可以不添加，spring默认的scope就是singleton。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd"> <bean id="beanScope" class="com.bean.BeanScope" scope="singleton"></bean> </beans>
com.test.BeanScopeTest.java中添加测试方法：
package com.test;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.bean.BeanScope;
//测试BeanScope的测试用例
public class BeanScopeTest {
@Test
public void testSay()
{
//加载BeanScope的配置文件
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext_BeanScope.xml");
//获得BeanScope实例
BeanScope bs = (BeanScope)ac.getBean("beanScope");
//调用方法:say()
bs.say();
BeanScope bs1 = (BeanScope)ac.getBean("beanScope");
//调用方法:say()
bs1.say();
}
}运行结果显示： 两个bean对象的hashCode值是相同的，因此属于单实例模式：
2016/07/14 14:16:00 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh 情報: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@1be2d65: startup date [Thu Jul 14 14:16:00 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy 2016/07/14 14:16:00 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions 情報: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext_BeanScope.xml] <span style="color:#ff0000;">BeanScope say： 6588476 BeanScope say： 6588476</span>
2)、prototype:每次请求(每一次使用)创建新的实例，destory方式不生效。
这里的测试只需要将applicationContext_BeanScope.xml里的scope选项改成prototype之后就可以了。<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd"> <bean id="beanScope" class="com.bean.BeanScope" scope="prototype"></bean> </beans>
添加测试用例：
@Test
public void testSay2()
{
//加载BeanScope的配置文件
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext_BeanScope.xml");
//获得BeanScope实例
BeanScope bs = (BeanScope)ac.getBean("beanScope");
//调用方法:say()
bs.say();
BeanScope bs1 = (BeanScope)ac.getBean("beanScope");
//调用方法:say()
bs1.say();
}测试结果如下：
2016/07/14 14:24:10 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh 情報: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@1be2d65: startup date [Thu Jul 14 14:24:10 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy 2016/07/14 14:24:10 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions 情報: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext_BeanScope.xml] <span style="color:#ff0000;">BeanScope say： 14306161 BeanScope say： 26156414</span>很明显两个bean实例的hashCode已经不再一样了，因此是属于不同的对象实例。
3、Bean的生命周期：
分四个部分：定义，初始化，使用，销毁；初始化：
--实现org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean接口，覆盖afterPropertiesSet方法。
--配置init-method
<bean id="exampleInitBean" class="example.ExampleBean" init-method="init"></bean>
public classExampleBean{
public void init()
{
//do somethings
}
}销毁：
--实现org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean接口，覆盖sestory方法。
--配置destory-method
<bean id="exampleInitBean" class="example.ExampleBean" destroy-method="cleanup"></bean>
public classExampleBean{
public void cleanup()
{
//do somethings for destroy
}
}定义全局默认初始化和销毁方法：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd" default-init-method="init" defaule-destroy-method="destroy"> <bean id="beanScope" class="com.bean.BeanScope" scope="prototype"></bean> </beans>
具体的测试用例设置：
com.bean.BeanLifeCycle.java:
package com.bean;
public class BeanLifeCycle {
public void start()
{
System.out.println("Bean Start!");
}
public void stop()
{
System.out.println("Bean Stop!");
}
}applicationContext_BeanLifeCycle.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd"> <!-- 配置初始化方法(start)和销毁方法(stop) --> <bean id="beanLifeCycle" class="com.bean.BeanLifeCycle" scope="prototype" init-method="start" destroy-method="stop"></bean> </beans>
测试代码：com.test.TestBeanCycle.java:
<pre name="code" class="java">package com.test;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.bean.BeanLifeCycle;
//测试Bean的生命周期
public class BeanLifeCycleTest {
//加载xml配置文件
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext_LifeCycle.xml");
@Before
public void doBefore()
{
//获得当前时间
Date date = new Date();
//格式化格式
String formatStyle = "yyyy年mm月dd日 hh时：mm分：SS秒";
//格式化时间
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(formatStyle);
//输出当前日期：
System.out.println("开始日期： "+sdf.format(date));
}
@After
public void doAfter()
{
//获得当前时间
Date date = new Date();
//格式化格式
String formatStyle = "yyyy年mm月dd日 hh时：mm分：SS秒";
//格式化时间
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(formatStyle);
//输出当前日期：
System.out.println("结束日期： "+sdf.format(date));
}
@Test
public void testBeanLifeCycle()
{
BeanLifeCycle blc = (BeanLifeCycle)ac.getBean("beanLifeCycle");
}
}输出的结果：
2016/07/14 15:14:27 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh 情報: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@b8df17: startup date [Thu Jul 14 15:14:27 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy 2016/07/14 15:14:27 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions 情報: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext_LifeCycle.xml] 开始日期： 2016年14月14日 03时：14分：83秒 Bean Start! Hello world! 结束日期： 2016年14月14日 03时：14分：100秒
没有执行销毁方法？ 为什么呢！
使用第二种方法实现初始化和销毁操作：
--实现org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean接口，覆盖sestory方法。
--实现org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean接口，覆盖afterPropertiesSet方法。
xml配置文件的配置：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd"> <!-- 配置初始化方法(start)和销毁方法(stop) --> <!-- init-method="start" destroy-method="stop" --> <bean id="beanLifeCycle" class="com.bean.BeanLifeCycle" scope="prototype"></bean> </beans>
com.bean.BeanLifeCycle.java:
package com.bean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
public class BeanLifeCycle implements InitializingBean,DisposableBean{
//方法1： 编写初始化和销毁方法
// public void start()
// {
// System.out.println("Bean Start!");
// }
//
// public void stop()
// {
// System.out.println("Bean Stop!");
// }
//
// public void say()
// {
// System.out.println("Hello world!");
// }
//方法2： 实现DisposableBean，InitializingBean接口
@Override
public void destroy() throws Exception {
System.out.println("Bean Destory!");
}
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
System.out.println("Bean afterPropertiesSet!");
}
}执行结果：
2016/07/14 15:21:40 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh 情報: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@b8df17: startup date [Thu Jul 14 15:21:40 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy 2016/07/14 15:21:40 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions 情報: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext_LifeCycle.xml] 开始日期： 2016年21月14日 03时：21分：181秒 Bean afterPropertiesSet! 结束日期： 2016年21月14日 03时：21分：200秒
同样没有执行销毁方法！
使用默认初始化和销毁方法的情况：在此省略。
在测试之后得出的结论是：实现接口的优先级最高，其次就是init-method,destory.默认的初始化和销毁方法会被省略。
4、Bean的自动装配：
自动装配的选项：
①、NO: 不做任何操作(这个是默认的选项)。②、byName: 根据属性名自动装配。 此选项将检查容器并根据名字查找与属性完全一致的Bean，并将其与属性自动装配。
③、byType: 如果容器中存在一个与指定属性类型相同的bean，那么将与该属性自动装配；如果存在多个该类型的bean，那么跑出异常，并指出不能使用byType的
方式进行自动装配；如果没有找到相匹配的bean，那么什么事都不做。
④、Constructor: 与byType的方式类似，不同之处在于它英语于构造器参数。如果容器中没有找到与构造器参数类型一致的bean，那么抛出异常。
使用byName的方式演示：
实例演示：之前未使用自动装配bean的装配方式：com.autoWiring.AutoWiringDAO.java:
package com.autowiring;
public class AutoWiringDAO {
public void say(String word)
{
System.out.println("AutoWiringDAO: "+word);
}
}com.autoWiring.AutoWirinService.java:
package com.autowiring;
public class AutoWiringService {
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>private AutoWiringDAO autowiringDAO;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>//生成set方法
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>public void setAutowiringDAO(AutoWiringDAO autowiringDAO) {
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>this.autowiringDAO = autowiringDAO;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>}
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>public void say(String word)
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>{
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>this.autowiringDAO.say(word);
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>}
}applicationContext_AutoWiring.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd" ><!-- 设置默认装配方式为byName的方式装载 --> <bean id="autowiringService" class="com.autowiring.AutoWiringService"> <!-- 未使用自动转配之前的配置方式是这样的通过property属性配置 --> <property name="autowiringDAO" ref="autowiringDAO"></property> </bean> <bean id="autowiringDAO" class="com.autowiring.AutoWiringDAO"></bean> </beans>
测试类代码：
@Test
public void testAutoWiring()
{
//加载Spring配置文件
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext_AutoWiring.xml");
AutoWiringService aws = (AutoWiringService)ac.getBean("autowiringService");
aws.say("Spring Bean!");
}运行结果：
2016/07/15 12:36:35 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh 情報: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@1be2d65: startup date [Fri Jul 15 12:36:35 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy 2016/07/15 12:36:35 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions 情報: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext_LifeCycle.xml] 开始日期： 2016年36月15日 12时：36分：34秒 2016/07/15 12:36:36 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh 情報: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@175d6ab: startup date [Fri Jul 15 12:36:36 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy 2016/07/15 12:36:36 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions 情報: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext_AutoWiring.xml] AutoWiringDAO: Spring Bean! 结束日期： 2016年36月15日 12时：36分：115秒
设置byName自动装配的xml文件：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd" <span style="color:#ff0000;">default-autowire="byName"</span>><!-- 设置默认装配方式为byName的方式装载 --> <bean id="autowiringService" class="com.autowiring.AutoWiringService"> <!-- 未使用自动转配之前的配置方式是这样的通过property属性配置 <property name="autowiringDAO" ref="autowiringDAO"></property>--> </bean> <bean id="autowiringDAO" class="com.autowiring.AutoWiringDAO"></bean> </beans>
测试类运行结果：
2016/07/15 12:36:35 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh 情報: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@1be2d65: startup date [Fri Jul 15 12:36:35 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy 2016/07/15 12:36:35 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions 情報: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext_LifeCycle.xml] 开始日期： 2016年36月15日 12时：36分：34秒 2016/07/15 12:36:36 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh 情報: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@175d6ab: startup date [Fri Jul 15 12:36:36 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy 2016/07/15 12:36:36 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions 情報: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext_AutoWiring.xml] AutoWiringDAO: Spring Bean! 结束日期： 2016年36月15日 12时：36分：115秒
运行结果是一样的。
使用byType的方式演示：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd" <span style="color:#ff0000;">default-autowire="byType"</span>><!-- 设置默认装配方式为byName的方式装载 --> <bean id="autowiringService" class="com.autowiring.AutoWiringService"> <!-- 未使用自动转配之前的配置方式是这样的通过property属性配置 <property name="autowiringDAO" ref="autowiringDAO"></property>--> </bean> <bean id="autowiringDAO" class="com.autowiring.AutoWiringDAO"></bean> </beans>其它的代码不变，演示结果如下：
2016/07/15 12:42:52 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh 情報: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@1be2d65: startup date [Fri Jul 15 12:42:52 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy 2016/07/15 12:42:52 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions 情報: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext_LifeCycle.xml] 2016/07/15 12:42:53 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh 情報: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@160a26f: startup date [Fri Jul 15 12:42:53 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy 2016/07/15 12:42:53 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions 情報: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext_AutoWiring.xml] 开始日期： 2016年42月15日 12时：42分：145秒 AutoWiringDAO: Spring Bean! 结束日期： 2016年42月15日 12时：42分：228秒
byType的注入与bean的id是没有直接关系的。即使将以下xml文件里的Id改变也不会影响注入。但是byName是要寻找Id的。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd" default-autowire="byType"><!-- 设置默认装配方式为byName的方式装载 --> <bean id="autowiringService" class="com.autowiring.AutoWiringService"> <!-- 未使用自动转配之前的配置方式是这样的通过property属性配置 <property name="autowiringDAO" ref="autowiringDAO"></property>--> </bean> <bean <span style="color:#ff0000;">id="autowiringDAO@22221"</span> class="com.autowiring.AutoWiringDAO"></bean> </beans>
构造器(constructor)注入：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd" <span style="color:#ff0000;">default-autowire="constructor"</span>><!-- 设置默认装配方式为byName的方式装载 --> <bean id="autowiringService" class="com.autowiring.AutoWiringService"> <!-- 未使用自动转配之前的配置方式是这样的通过property属性配置 <property name="autowiringDAO" ref="autowiringDAO"></property>--> </bean> <bean id="autowiringDAO111" class="com.autowiring.AutoWiringDAO"></bean> </beans>
要在com.autoWiring.AutoWirinService.java:中添加构造方法：
package com.autowiring;
public class AutoWiringService {
private AutoWiringDAO autowiringDAO;
public AutoWiringService(AutoWiringDAO autowiringDAO)
{
this.autowiringDAO = autowiringDAO;
}
//生成set方法
public void setAutowiringDAO(AutoWiringDAO autowiringDAO) {
this.autowiringDAO = autowiringDAO;
}
public void say(String word)
{
this.autowiringDAO.say(word);
}
}使用同样的一个测试方法运行结果如下：2016/07/15 12:51:09 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh 情報: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@1be2d65: startup date [Fri Jul 15 12:51:09 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy 2016/07/15 12:51:09 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions 情報: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext_LifeCycle.xml] 2016/07/15 12:51:09 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh 情報: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@160a26f: startup date [Fri Jul 15 12:51:09 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy 开始日期： 2016年51月15日 12时：51分：730秒 2016/07/15 12:51:09 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions 情報: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext_AutoWiring.xml] AutoWiringDAO: Spring Bean! 结束日期： 2016年51月15日 12时：51分：818秒
5、Resources和ResourceLoader:
1、Resources:针对于资源文件的统一接口。
①，UrlResource:URL下的资源，根据一个URL可以获取。②、ClassPathResource:获取类路径下的资源。
③、FileSystemResource:获取文件系统下的资源。
④、ServletContextResource:ServletContext封装的资源，用于访问ServletContext环境下的资源。
⑤、InputStreamResource:这对于输入流封装的资源。
⑥、ByteArrayResource:针对于字节数组封装的资源。
2、ResourceLoader：是对Resource进行加载的一个接口，在Spring的IOC容器中所有的ApplicationContext都实现了ResourceLoader这个接口。也就是说所有的applicatio context都可以用来获取Resource的实例；
public interfact ResourceLoader(){
Resource getResource(String location);
}
Resource template = ctx.getResource("some/resource/path/mytemplate.txt");
Resource template = ctx.getResource("classpath:some/resource/path/mytemplate.txt");
测试Resource的实例一：使用classpath的方式。
com.resource_Resourceloader._Resource.javapackage com.resource_Resourceloader;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
public class _Resource implements ApplicationContextAware{
ApplicationContext applicationContext;
@Override
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext)
throws BeansException {
this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
}
public void resource() throws IOException
{
Resource resource = applicationContext.getResource("classpath:config.txt");
System.out.println("文件名： "+resource.getFilename());//获得文件名
System.out.println("长度： "+resource.contentLength());//输出长度
}
}
application_Resource.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache"
xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd">
<bean id="_resource" class="com.resource_Resourceloader._Resource"></bean>
</beans>
测试类：
package com.resource_Resourceloader;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.bean.BadMan;
import com.bean.GoodMan;
import com.service.InjectionService;
//测试环境配置是否成功
public class TestResource {
@Test
public void testResource()
{
//加载Spring配置文件
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext_Resource.xml");
_Resource resource = (_Resource)ac.getBean("_resource");
try {
resource.resource();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
测试结果：
2016/07/15 16:23:10 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
情報: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@13e8d89: startup date [Fri Jul 15 16:23:10 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy
2016/07/15 16:23:10 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
情報: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext_Resource.xml]
文件名： config.txt
长度： 12
测试Resource的实例二：使用file的方式。
改变类里的文件路径：package com.resource_Resourceloader;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
public class _Resource implements ApplicationContextAware{
ApplicationContext applicationContext;
@Override
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext)
throws BeansException {
this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
}
public void resource() throws IOException
{
//使用calsspath的方式
//Resource resource = applicationContext.getResource("classpath:config.txt");
//使用file的方式C:\EasyLife\workspace\Spring_4WebProjectTest\src\config.txt
<span style="color:#ff0000;">Resource resource = applicationContext.getResource("file:C:\\EasyLife\\workspace\\Spring_4WebProjectTest\\src\\config.txt");//使用的是double slash（双斜杠）</span>
System.out.println("文件名： "+resource.getFilename());//获得文件名
System.out.println("长度： "+resource.contentLength());//输出长度
}
}
运行测试类的结果：
2016/07/15 16:37:32 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
情報: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@13e8d89: startup date [Fri Jul 15 16:37:32 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy
2016/07/15 16:37:32 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
情報: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext_Resource.xml]
文件名： config.txt
长度： 12
测试Resource的实例三： 使用URL的方式：
测试的uRL：http://spring.io/understanding/JSONpackage com.resource_Resourceloader;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
public class _Resource implements ApplicationContextAware{
ApplicationContext applicationContext;
@Override
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext)
throws BeansException {
this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
}
public void resource() throws IOException
{
//使用calsspath的方式
//Resource resource = applicationContext.getResource("classpath:config.txt");
//使用file的方式C:\EasyLife\workspace\Spring_4WebProjectTest\src\config.txt
//Resource resource = applicationContext.getResource("file:C:\\EasyLife\\workspace\\Spring_4WebProjectTest\\src\\config.txt");//使用的是double slash（双斜杠）
//使用URL的方式
Resource resource = applicationContext.getResource("url:http://spring.io/understanding/JSON");
System.out.println("文件名： "+resource.getFilename());//获得文件名
System.out.println("长度： "+resource.contentLength());//输出长度
}
}
测试结果：
2016/07/15 16:41:06 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
情報: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@13e8d89: startup date [Fri Jul 15 16:41:06 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy
2016/07/15 16:41:06 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
情報: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext_Resource.xml]
文件名： JSON
长度： -1
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