oracle分析函数：三、first,first_value,lag,lead函数

/************************************************

**分析函数-First/Last函数

**时间：2016-7-8

*************************************************/

--1 语法

aggregate_function keep

( dense_rank first order by expr desc nulls last)

over (query partition clause )

--说明

•DENSE_RANK FIRST or DENSE_RANK LAST indicates that Oracle Database will 

aggregate over only those rows with the minimum (FIRST) or the maximum (LAST) dense rank (also called olympic rank).

--**简介：

FIRST and LAST are very similar functions. 

Both are aggregate and analytic functions that operate on a set of values from a set of rows that rank as the FIRST or LAST 

with respect to a given sorting specification. 

都聚集和分析功能，给定一个排序的规范，操作一组值从一组行排名第一或最后一个；

If only one row ranks as FIRST or LAST, then the aggregate operates on the set with only one element.

--aggregate functions：

忽略over clause

--analytic functions 

指定over clause

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--2 分析例子

SELECT unit_id,

       unit_code,

       tjrq_q,

       MIN(out_row) KEEP(DENSE_RANK FIRST ORDER BY tjrq_q) OVER(PARTITION BY unit_id) "Worst",

       MAX(out_row) KEEP(DENSE_RANK LAST ORDER BY tjrq_q) OVER(PARTITION BY unit_id) "Best"

  FROM etl_exdw_log

 ORDER BY unit_id, unit_code;

--3 DENSE_RANK FIRST order by expr和dens_rank() over

SELECT unit_id,

       unit_code,

       tjrq_q,

       MIN(out_row) KEEP(DENSE_RANK FIRST ORDER BY tjrq_q) OVER(PARTITION BY unit_id) "Worst",

       MAX(out_row) KEEP(DENSE_RANK LAST ORDER BY tjrq_q) OVER(PARTITION BY unit_id) "Best",

       dense_rank() over(partition by unit_id order by out_row),

       rank() over(partition by unit_id order by out_row)

  FROM etl_exdw_log

 ORDER BY unit_id, unit_code;

-------------------------------------------------

--4 聚集函数例子

SELECT unit_id,

       unit_code,

       tjrq_q,

       MIN(out_row) KEEP(DENSE_RANK FIRST ORDER BY tjrq_q) "Worst",

       MAX(out_row) KEEP(DENSE_RANK LAST ORDER BY tjrq_q) "Best",

       dense_rank(23632) within group(order by out_row desc nulls last)

  FROM etl_exdw_log

 group BY unit_id, unit_code, tjrq_q;

/************************************************

**分析函数-First_value/Last_value函数

**时间：2016-7-8

**简介：

*************************************************/

--1 语法

--ANSI format(推荐):

firt_value (expr (respect|ignore) nulls ) over (analytic clause)

或者：

firt_value (expr) (respect|ignore) nulls  over (analytic clause)

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--2 简介

It returns the first value in an ordered set of values;

If the first value in the set is null, then the function returns NULL unless you specify IGNORE NULLS

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--3 例子一

SELECT unit_id,

       unit_code,

       tjrq_q,

       out_row,

       FIRST_VALUE(out_row) OVER(partition by unit_id,tjrq_q ORDER BY out_row desc ROWS UNBOUNDED PRECEDING) AS greatest_rows

  FROM etl_exdw_log

 ORDER BY unit_id,tjrq_q;

/************************************************

**分析函数-lag/lead函数

**时间：2016-7-8

**简介：

*************************************************/

--1 语法1

lag (value_expr,offset,default) (ignore nulls| respect nulls)

over (query_partition_clause order_by_clause)

--2 语法2

lag (value_expr (ignore nulls| respect nulls),offset,default) 

over (query_partition_clause order_by_clause)

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--3 目的

LAG provides access to a row at a given physical offset prior to that position.

已知偏移量，根据给的物理便宜量，lag函数可以获得另外一个列

Given a series of rows returned from a query and a position of the cursor

在一个查询结果集中，返回一个游标的位置和一组行

可选的偏移量参数,指定一个整数大于零。如果你不指定偏移量,那么其默认是1。如果偏移量超出窗口范围可选的默认值(1)返回;

{RESPECT | IGNORE} NULLS determines whether null values of value_expr are included in or eliminated from the calculation. The default is RESPECT NULLS.

You cannot nest analytic functions by using LAG or any other analytic function for value_expr. 

不能嵌套分析

--lag (value_expr,offset,default) (ignore nulls| respect nulls) over (query_partition_clause order_by_clause)

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--4 例子

SELECT unit_id,

       unit_code,

       start_time,

       end_time,

       LAG(end_time, 1, sysdate) OVER(partition by unit_id ORDER BY end_time) AS prev_endtime,

       round((end_time - LAG(end_time, 1, sysdate)

              OVER(partition by unit_id ORDER BY end_time)) * 24 * 60) as exe_time

  FROM ETL_EXDW_LOG

 order by unit_id, end_time;

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--5 lead函数对比：

SELECT unit_id,

       unit_code,

       start_time,

       end_time,

       lead(end_time, 1, sysdate) OVER(partition by unit_id ORDER BY end_time) AS prev_endtime,

       round((lead(end_time, 1, sysdate) OVER(partition by unit_id ORDER BY end_time)-end_time) * 24 * 60) as exe_time

  FROM ETL_EXDW_LOG

 order by unit_id, end_time;