ios 数据存储方式

概论

沙盒

1.结构

"应用程序包"
Documents
Library
Caches
Preferences
tmp

2.目录特性

"应用程序包"

NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] bundlePath];
NSLog(@"%@", path);

Documents

NSString *path = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES).firstObject;
NSLog(@"%@", path);

Library/Caches

NSString *path = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES).firstObject;
NSLog(@"%@", path);

Library/Preferences

tmp

NSString *path = NSTemporaryDirectory();
NSLog(@"%@", path);

plist文件

NSArray;
NSMutableArray;
NSDictionary;
NSMutableDictionary;
NSData;
NSMutableData;
NSString;
NSMutableString;
NSNumber;
NSDate;

1.获得文件路径

NSString *path = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES).firstObject;
NSString *fileName = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"123.plist"];

2.存储

NSArray *array = @[@"123", @"456", @"789"];
[array writeToFile:fileName atomically:YES];

3.读取

NSArray *result = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:fileName];
NSLog(@"%@", result);

4.注意

writeToFile: atomically:

atomically

arrayWithContentsOfFile:

Preference

1.使用方法

//1.获得NSUserDefaults文件
NSUserDefaults *userDefaults = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];

//2.向文件中写入内容
[userDefaults setObject:@"AAA" forKey:@"a"];
[userDefaults setBool:YES forKey:@"sex"];
[userDefaults setInteger:21 forKey:@"age"];
//2.1立即同步
[userDefaults synchronize];

//3.读取文件
NSString *name = [userDefaults objectForKey:@"a"];
BOOL sex = [userDefaults boolForKey:@"sex"];
NSInteger age = [userDefaults integerForKey:@"age"];

NSLog(@"%@, %d, %ld", name, sex, age);

2.注意

synchronize

synchronize

NSKeyedArchiver

1.遵循NSCoding协议

NSCoding

//1.遵循NSCoding协议
@interface Person : NSObject <NSCoding>

//2.设置属性
@property (strong, nonatomic) UIImage *avatar;
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *name;
@property (assign, nonatomic) NSInteger age;

@end

//解档
- (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder {
if ([super init]) {
self.avatar = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"avatar"];
self.name = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"name"];
self.age = [aDecoder decodeIntegerForKey:@"age"];
}

return self;
}

//归档
- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder {
[aCoder encodeObject:self.avatar forKey:@"avatar"];
[aCoder encodeObject:self.name forKey:@"name"];
[aCoder encodeInteger:self.age forKey:@"age"];
}

[super encodeWithCoder:aCoder]

[super initWithCoder:aDecoder]

2.使用

archiveRootObject: toFile:

NSString *file = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES).firstObject stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"person.data"];

Person *person = [[Person alloc] init];
person.avatar = self.avatarView.image;
person.name = self.nameField.text;
person.age = [self.ageField.text integerValue];

[NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:person toFile:file];

unarchiveObjectWithFile:

NSString *file = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES).firstObject stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"person.data"];

Person *person = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:file];
if (person) {
self.avatarView.image = person.avatar;
self.nameField.text = person.name;
self.ageField.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld", person.age];
}

3.注意

SQLite3

1.字段类型

2. 准备工作

3.使用

/**
*  打开数据库并创建一个表
*/
- (void)openDatabase {

//1.设置文件名
NSString *filename = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES).firstObject stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"person.db"];

//2.打开数据库文件，如果没有会自动创建一个文件
NSInteger result = sqlite3_open(filename.UTF8String, &_sqlite3);
if (result == SQLITE_OK) {
NSLog(@"打开数据库成功！");

//3.创建一个数据库表
char *errmsg = NULL;

sqlite3_exec(_sqlite3, "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS t_person(id integer primary key autoincrement, name text, age integer)", NULL, NULL, &errmsg);
if (errmsg) {
NSLog(@"错误：%s", errmsg);
} else {
NSLog(@"创表成功！");
}

} else {
NSLog(@"打开数据库失败！");
}
}

sqlite3_exec()

/**
*  往表中插入1000条数据
*/
- (void)insertData {

NSString *nameStr;
NSInteger age;
for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
nameStr = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Bourne-%d", arc4random_uniform(10000)];
age = arc4random_uniform(80) + 20;

NSString *sql = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"INSERT INTO t_person (name, age) VALUES('%@', '%ld')", nameStr, age];

char *errmsg = NULL;
sqlite3_exec(_sqlite3, sql.UTF8String, NULL, NULL, &errmsg);
if (errmsg) {
NSLog(@"错误：%s", errmsg);
}
}

NSLog(@"插入完毕！");
}

sqlite3_exec()

/**
*  从表中读取数据到数组中
*/
- (void)readData {
NSMutableArray *mArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:1000];
char *sql = "select name, age from t_person;";
sqlite3_stmt *stmt;

NSInteger result = sqlite3_prepare_v2(_sqlite3, sql, -1, &stmt, NULL);
if (result == SQLITE_OK) {
while (sqlite3_step(stmt) == SQLITE_ROW) {

char *name = (char *)sqlite3_column_text(stmt, 0);
NSInteger age = sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 1);

//创建对象
Person *person = [Person personWithName:[NSString stringWithUTF8String:name] Age:age];
[mArray addObject:person];
}
self.dataList = mArray;
}
sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
}

4.总结

FMDB

FMDB

1.简介

FMDB

2.核心类

3.打开数据库

sqlite3.dylib

NSString *path = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES).firstObject stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"person.db"];

FMDatabase *database = [FMDatabase databaseWithPath:path];
if (![database open]) {
NSLog(@"数据库打开失败！");
}

4.更新

executeUpdate:

//常用方法有以下3种：
- (BOOL)executeUpdate:(NSString*)sql, ...
- (BOOL)executeUpdateWithFormat:(NSString*)format, ...
- (BOOL)executeUpdate:(NSString*)sql withArgumentsInArray:(NSArray *)arguments

//示例
[database executeUpdate:@"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS t_person(id integer primary key autoincrement, name text, age integer)"];

//或者
[database executeUpdate:@"INSERT INTO t_person(name, age) VALUES(?, ?)", @"Bourne", [NSNumber numberWithInt:42]];

5.查询

- (FMResultSet *)executeQuery:(NSString*)sql, ...
- (FMResultSet *)executeQueryWithFormat:(NSString*)format, ...
- (FMResultSet *)executeQuery:(NSString *)sql withArgumentsInArray:(NSArray *)arguments

//1.执行查询
FMResultSet *result = [database executeQuery:@"SELECT * FROM t_person"];

//2.遍历结果集
while ([result next]) {
NSString *name = [result stringForColumn:@"name"];
int age = [result intForColumn:@"age"];
}

6.线程安全

FMDatabaseQueue *queue = [FMDatabaseQueue databaseQueueWithPath:aPath];

[queue inDatabase:^(FMDatabase *database) {
[database executeUpdate:@"INSERT INTO t_person(name, age) VALUES (?, ?)", @"Bourne_1", [NSNumber numberWithInt:1]];
[database executeUpdate:@"INSERT INTO t_person(name, age) VALUES (?, ?)", @"Bourne_2", [NSNumber numberWithInt:2]];
[database executeUpdate:@"INSERT INTO t_person(name, age) VALUES (?, ?)", @"Bourne_3", [NSNumber numberWithInt:3]];

FMResultSet *result = [database executeQuery:@"select * from t_person"];
while([result next]) {

}
}];

[queue inTransaction:^(FMDatabase *database, BOOL *rollback) {
[database executeUpdate:@"INSERT INTO t_person(name, age) VALUES (?, ?)", @"Bourne_1", [NSNumber numberWithInt:1]];
[database executeUpdate:@"INSERT INTO t_person(name, age) VALUES (?, ?)", @"Bourne_2", [NSNumber numberWithInt:2]];
[database executeUpdate:@"INSERT INTO t_person(name, age) VALUES (?, ?)", @"Bourne_3", [NSNumber numberWithInt:3]];

FMResultSet *result = [database executeQuery:@"select * from t_person"];
while([result next]) {

}

//回滚
*rollback = YES;
}];

CoreData