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Struts2源码阅读

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Struts2源码阅读(一)_Struts2框架流程概述

博客分类:

Struts2

框架ServletHTML

1. Struts2架构图



请求首先通过Filter chain,Filter主要包括ActionContextCleanUp,它主要清理当前线程的ActionContext和Dispatcher;FilterDispatcher主要通过AcionMapper来决定需要调用哪个Action。

ActionMapper取得了ActionMapping后,在Dispatcher的serviceAction方法里创建ActionProxy,ActionProxy创建ActionInvocation,然后ActionInvocation调用Interceptors,执行Action本身,创建Result并返回,当然,如果要在返回之前做些什么,可以实现PreResultListener。

2. Struts2部分类介绍

这部分从Struts2参考文档中翻译就可以了。

ActionMapper

ActionMapper其实是HttpServletRequest和Action调用请求的一个映射,它屏蔽了Action对于Request等java Servlet类的依赖。Struts2中它的默认实现类是DefaultActionMapper,ActionMapper很大的用处可以根据自己的需要来设计url格式,它自己也有Restful的实现,具体可以参考文档的docs\actionmapper.html。

ActionProxy&ActionInvocation

Action的一个代理,由ActionProxyFactory创建,它本身不包括Action实例,默认实现DefaultActionProxy是由ActionInvocation持有Action实例。ActionProxy作用是如何取得Action,无论是本地还是远程。而ActionInvocation的作用是如何执行Action,拦截器的功能就是在ActionInvocation中实现的。

ConfigurationProvider&Configuration

ConfigurationProvider就是Struts2中配置文件的解析器,Struts2中的配置文件主要是尤其实现类XmlConfigurationProvider及其子类StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider来解析。

3. Struts2请求流程

1、客户端发送请求

2、请求先通过ActionContextCleanUp-->FilterDispatcher

3、FilterDispatcher通过ActionMapper来决定这个Request需要调用哪个Action

4、如果ActionMapper决定调用某个Action,FilterDispatcher把请求的处理交给ActionProxy,这儿已经转到它的Delegate--Dispatcher来执行

5、ActionProxy根据ActionMapping和ConfigurationManager找到需要调用的Action类

6、ActionProxy创建一个ActionInvocation的实例

7、ActionInvocation调用真正的Action,当然这涉及到相关拦截器的调用

8、Action执行完毕,ActionInvocation创建Result并返回,当然,如果要在返回之前做些什么,可以实现PreResultListener。添加PreResultListener可以在Interceptor中实现。


Struts2源码阅读(二)_ActionContext及CleanUP Filter

博客分类:

Struts2

ServletWebworkJSP

1. ActionContext

ActionContext是被存放在当前线程中的,获取ActionContext也是从ThreadLocal中获取的。所以在执行拦截器、 action和result的过程中,由于他们都是在一个线程中按照顺序执行的,所以可以可以在任意时候在ThreadLocal中获取 ActionContext。

ActionContext包括了很多信息,比如Session、Application、Request、Locale、ValueStack等,其中 ValueStack可以解析ognl表达式,来动态后去一些值,同时可以给表达式提供对象。

ActionContext(com.opensymphony.xwork.ActionContext)是Action执行时的上下文,上下文可以看作是一个容器 (其实我们这里的容器就是一个Map而已),它存放的是Action在执行时需要用到的对象. 一般情况, 我们的ActionContext都是通过: ActionContext context = (ActionContext) actionContext.get(); 来获取的.我们再来看看这里的actionContext对象的创建:

static ThreadLocal actionContext = new ActionContextThreadLocal();

ActionContextThreadLocal是实现ThreadLocal的一个内部类.ThreadLocal可以命名为"线程局部变量",它为每一个使用该变量的线程都提供一个变量值的副本,使每一个线程都可以独立地改变自己的副本,而不会和其它线程的副本冲突.这样,我们 ActionContext里的属性只会在对应的当前请求线程中可见,从而保证它是线程安全的.

通过ActionContext取得HttpSession: Map session = ActionContext.getContext().getSession(); (通过Map模拟HttpServlet的对象,操作更方便)

2. ServletActionContext

ServletActionContext(com.opensymphony.webwork. ServletActionContext),这个类直接继承了我们上面介绍的ActionContext,它提供了直接与Servlet相关对象访问的功能,它可以取得的对象有:

(1)javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest : HTTPservlet请求对象

(2)javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse : HTTPservlet相应对象

(3)javax.servlet.ServletContext : Servlet上下文信息

(4)javax.servlet.ServletConfig : Servlet配置对象

(5)javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext : Http页面上下文

如何从ServletActionContext里取得Servlet的相关对象:

<1>取得HttpServletRequest对象: HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext. getRequest();

<2>取得HttpSession对象: HttpSession session = ServletActionContext. getRequest().getSession();

3. ServletActionContext和ActionContext联系

ServletActionContext和ActionContext有着一些重复的功能,在我们的Action中,该如何去抉择呢?我们遵循的原则是:如果ActionContext能够实现我们的功能,那最好就不要使用ServletActionContext,让我们的Action尽量不要直接去访问Servlet的相关对象.

注意:在使用ActionContext时有一点要注意: 不要在Action的构造函数里使用ActionContext.getContext(), 因为这个时候ActionContext里的一些值也许没有设置,这时通过ActionContext取得的值也许是null;同样,HttpServletRequest req = ServletActionContext.getRequest()也不要放在构造函数中,也不要直接将req作为类变量给其赋值。 至于原因,我想是因为前面讲到的static ThreadLocal
actionContext = new ActionContextThreadLocal(),从这里我们可以看出ActionContext是线程安全的,而 ServletActionContext继承自ActionContext,所以ServletActionContext也线程安全,线程安全要求每个线程都独立进行,所以req的创建也要求独立进行,所以ServletActionContext.getRequest()这句话不要放在构造函数中,也不要直接放在类中,而应该放在每个具体的方法体中(eg:login()、queryAll()、insert()等),这样才能保证每次产生对象时独立的建立了一个req。

4.ActionContextClearUp

ActionContextClearUp其实是Defer ClearUP.作用就是延长action中属性的生命周期,包括自定义属性,以便在jsp页面中进行访问,让actionContextcleanup过滤器来清除属性,不让action自己清除。具体看下面的代码,代码很简单:

Java代码


public void doFilter(...){

...

try{

...

//继续执行所配置的chain中的Filter

chain.doFilter(request, response);

}finally{

//保证在所有动作执行完之后,调用cleanUp

...

cleanUp(request);

}

}

protected static void cleanUp(ServletRequest req) {

...

ActionContext.setContext(null);//清除ActionContext实例

Dispatcher.setInstance(null);//清除Dispatcher实例(Dispatcher主要是完成将url解析成对应的Action)

}

另外注明一下UtilTimerStack的push和pop是用来计算调用方法所执行的开始和结束时间,用来做性能测试的。用法如下:

Java代码


String timerKey = "ActionContextCleanUp_doFilter: ";

UtilTimerStack.setActive(true);

UtilTimerStack.push(timerKey);

//调用要测试的方法。

UtilTimerStack.pop(timerKey);


Struts2源码阅读(三)_Dispatcher&ConfigurationProvider

博客分类:

Struts2

StrutsXMLBeanApacheWebwork

首先强调一下struts2的线程程安全,在Struts2中大量采用ThreadLocal线程局部变量的方法来保证线程的安全,像Dispatcher等都是通过ThreadLocal来保存变量值,使得每个线程都有自己独立的实例变量,互不相干.

接下来就从Dispatcher开始看起,先看其构造函数:

Java代码


//创建Dispatcher,此类是一个Delegate,它是真正完成根据url解析转向,读取对应Action的地方

public Dispatcher(ServletContext servletContext, Map<String, String> initParams) {

this.servletContext = servletContext;

//配置在web.xml中的param参数

this.initParams = initParams;

}

我们再看在FilterDispatcher创建Dispatcher的:

Java代码


protected Dispatcher createDispatcher(FilterConfig filterConfig) {

Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();

for (Enumeration e = filterConfig.getInitParameterNames(); e.hasMoreElements();) {

String name = (String) e.nextElement();

String value = filterConfig.getInitParameter(name);

params.put(name, value);

}

都可以从FilterConfig中得到

return new Dispatcher(filterConfig.getServletContext(), params);

}

创建Dispatcher之后,来看init()方法

init()方法是用来Load用户配置文件,资源文件以及默认的配置文件.

主要分七步走,看下面注释

Java代码


public void init() {

if (configurationManager == null) {

//设置ConfigurationManager的defaultFrameworkBeanName.

//这里DEFAULT_BEAN_NAME为struts,这是xwork框架的内容,Framework可以是xwork,struts,webwork等

configurationManager = new ConfigurationManager(BeanSelectionProvider.DEFAULT_BEAN_NAME);

}

//读取properties信息,默认的default.properties,

init_DefaultProperties(); // [1]

//读取xml配置文件

init_TraditionalXmlConfigurations(); // [2]

//读取用户自定义的struts.properties

init_LegacyStrutsProperties(); // [3]

//自定义的configProviders

init_CustomConfigurationProviders(); // [5]

//载入FilterDispatcher传进来的initParams

init_FilterInitParameters() ; // [6]

//将配置文件中的bean与具体的类映射

init_AliasStandardObjects() ; // [7]

//构建一个用于依赖注射的Container对象

//在这里面会循环调用上面七个ConfigurationProvider的register方法

//其中的重点就是DefaultConfiguration的#reload()方法

Container container = init_PreloadConfiguration();

container.inject(this);

init_CheckConfigurationReloading(container);

init_CheckWebLogicWorkaround(container);

if (!dispatcherListeners.isEmpty()) {

for (DispatcherListener l : dispatcherListeners) {

l.dispatcherInitialized(this);

}

}

}

分七步载入各种配置属性,都是通过ConfigurationProvider接口进行的,这个接口提供init(),destroy(),register()等方法.

将各种ConfigurationProvider初始化之后将实例添加到ConfigurationManager的List里面.

最后通过循环调用List里的这些destroy(),register()等方法实现对配置文件的属性进行注册和销毁等功能.

下面将分析这七层功夫是怎样一步步练成的.

首先是init_DefaultProperties()

Java代码


private void init_DefaultProperties() {

configurationManager.addConfigurationProvider(new DefaultPropertiesProvider());

}

接来看DefaultPropertiesProvider好了,DefaultPropertiesProvider实际上只是实现了register()方法

public void register(ContainerBuilder builder, LocatableProperties props)

throws ConfigurationException {

Settings defaultSettings = null;

try {

defaultSettings = new PropertiesSettings("org/apache/struts2/default");

} catch (Exception e) {

throw new ConfigurationException("Could not find or error in org/apache/struts2/default.properties", e);

}

loadSettings(props, defaultSettings);

}

Java代码


//PropertiesSettings构造方法

//读取org/apache/struts2/default.properties的配置信息,如果项目中需要覆盖,可以在classpath里的struts.properties里覆写

public PropertiesSettings(String name) {

URL settingsUrl = ClassLoaderUtils.getResource(name + ".properties", getClass());

if (settingsUrl == null) {

LOG.debug(name + ".properties missing");

settings = new LocatableProperties();

return;

}

settings = new LocatableProperties(new LocationImpl(null, settingsUrl.toString()));

// Load settings

InputStream in = null;

try {

in = settingsUrl.openStream();

settings.load(in);

} catch (IOException e) {

throw new StrutsException("Could not load " + name + ".properties:" + e, e);

} finally {

if(in != null) {

try {

in.close();

} catch(IOException io) {

LOG.warn("Unable to close input stream", io);

}

}

}

}

//loadSettings主要是将progerty的value和Locale从上面PropertiesSettings中取得并存放到LocatableProperties props

//这个props是register的一个入参.

protected void loadSettings(LocatableProperties props, final Settings settings) {

// We are calling the impl methods to get around the single instance of Settings that is expected

for (Iterator i = settings.listImpl(); i.hasNext(); ) {

String name = (String) i.next();

props.setProperty(name, settings.getImpl(name), settings.getLocationImpl(name));

}

}

再来看第二步:init_TraditionalXmlConfigurations()

Java代码


private void init_TraditionalXmlConfigurations() {

//首先读取web.xml中的config初始参数值

//如果没有配置就使用默认的DEFAULT_CONFIGURATION_PATHS:"struts-default.xml,struts-plugin.xml,struts.xml",

//这儿就可以看出为什么默认的配置文件必须取名为这三个名称了

//如果不想使用默认的名称,直接在web.xml中配置config初始参数即可

String configPaths = initParams.get("config");

if (configPaths == null) {

configPaths = DEFAULT_CONFIGURATION_PATHS;

}

String[] files = configPaths.split("\\s*[,]\\s*");

for (String file : files) {

if (file.endsWith(".xml")) {

if ("xwork.xml".equals(file)) {

//XmlConfigurationProvider负责解析xwork.xml

configurationManager.addConfigurationProvider(new XmlConfigurationProvider(file, false));

} else {

//其它xml都是由StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider来解析

configurationManager.addConfigurationProvider(new StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider(file, false, servletContext));

}

} else {

throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid configuration file name");

}

}

}

对于其它配置文件只用StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider,此类继承XmlConfigurationProvider,而XmlConfigurationProvider又实现ConfigurationProvider接口。

类XmlConfigurationProvider负责配置文件的读取和解析,

首先通过init()中的loadDocuments(configFileName);利用DomHelper中的

public static Document parse(InputSource inputSource, Map<String, String> dtdMappings) 将configFileName配置文件通过SAX解析方式按照DtdMappings解析成Document对象.

然后通过Provider的register()方法加载"bean"和"constant"属性,再通过loadPackages()加载package及package中的属性

addAction()方法负责读取<action>标签,并将数据保存在ActionConfig中;

addResultTypes()方法负责将<result-type>标签转化为ResultTypeConfig对象;

loadInterceptors()方法负责将<interceptor>标签转化为InterceptorConfi对象;

loadInterceptorStack()方法负责将<interceptor-ref>标签转化为InterceptorStackConfig对象;

loadInterceptorStacks()方法负责将<interceptor-stack>标签转化成InterceptorStackConfig对象。

而上面的方法最终会被addPackage()方法调用,addPackage又会被Provider的loadPackages()调用,将所读取到的数据汇集到PackageConfig对象中。

Java代码


protected PackageConfig addPackage(Element packageElement) throws ConfigurationException {

PackageConfig.Builder newPackage = buildPackageContext(packageElement);

if (newPackage.isNeedsRefresh()) {

return newPackage.build();

}

// add result types (and default result) to this package

addResultTypes(newPackage, packageElement);

// load the interceptors and interceptor stacks for this package

loadInterceptors(newPackage, packageElement);

// load the default interceptor reference for this package

loadDefaultInterceptorRef(newPackage, packageElement);

// load the default class ref for this package

loadDefaultClassRef(newPackage, packageElement);

// load the global result list for this package

loadGlobalResults(newPackage, packageElement);

// load the global exception handler list for this package

loadGobalExceptionMappings(newPackage, packageElement);

// get actions

NodeList actionList = packageElement.getElementsByTagName("action");

for (int i = 0; i < actionList.getLength(); i++) {

Element actionElement = (Element) actionList.item(i);

addAction(actionElement, newPackage);

}

// load the default action reference for this package

loadDefaultActionRef(newPackage, packageElement);

PackageConfig cfg = newPackage.build();

configuration.addPackageConfig(cfg.getName(), cfg);

return cfg;

}

loadConfigurationFiles解析读取xml中的内容

private List<Document> loadConfigurationFiles(String fileName, Element includeElement) {

...

//通过DomHelper调用SAX进行解析xml

doc = DomHelper.parse(in, dtdMappings);

...

Element rootElement = doc.getDocumentElement();

NodeList children = rootElement.getChildNodes();

int childSize = children.getLength();

for (int i = 0; i < childSize; i++) {

Node childNode = children.item(i);

if (childNode instanceof Element) {

Element child = (Element) childNode;

final String nodeName = child.getNodeName();

if ("include".equals(nodeName)) {

String includeFileName = child.getAttribute("file");

//解析每个action配置是,对于include文件可以使用通配符*来进行配置

//如Struts.xml中可配置成<include file="actions_*.xml"/>

if (includeFileName.indexOf('*') != -1) {

ClassPathFinder wildcardFinder = new ClassPathFinder();

wildcardFinder.setPattern(includeFileName);

Vector<String> wildcardMatches = wildcardFinder.findMatches();

for (String match : wildcardMatches) {

//递归Load子file中的<include/>

docs.addAll(loadConfigurationFiles(match, child));

}

} else {

docs.addAll(loadConfigurationFiles(includeFileName, child));

}

}

}

}

docs.add(doc);

loadedFileUrls.add(url.toString());

...

return docs;

}


Struts2源码阅读(四)_Dispatcher&ConfigurationProvider续

博客分类:

Struts2

StrutsBeanApacheXMLWeb

接下来第三步:init_LegacyStrutsProperties()

调用的是调用的是LegacyPropertiesConfigurationProvider

通过比较前面DefaultPropertiesProvider与调用的是LegacyPropertiesConfigurationProvider.

发现DefaultPropertiesProvider继承自后者,但重写了register()方法,主要是生成PropertiesSetting的不同,前者是根据org/apache/struts2/default.properties

后者是根据struts.properties

我们展开register()中的Settings.getInstance(),最后是调用getDefaultInstance()

Java代码


private static Settings getDefaultInstance() {

if (defaultImpl == null) {

// Create bootstrap implementation

//不带参数的DefaultSettings(),区别与DefaultPropertiesProvider中直接带default.properties参数

//不带参数就是默认为struts.propertes,并且加载struts.custom.properties所定义的properties文件

defaultImpl = new DefaultSettings();

// Create default implementation

try {

//STRUTS_CONFIGURATION为:struts.configuration

//在struts.proterties中查找struts.configuration的值,这个值必须是org.apache.struts2.config.Configuration接口的实现类

//所以我有个困惑就是在下面的转换当中怎么将Configuration转换成Setting类型的...

//这一点先放下了,有时间再研究

String className = get(StrutsConstants.STRUTS_CONFIGURATION);

if (!className.equals(defaultImpl.getClass().getName())) {

try {

// singleton instances shouldn't be built accessing request or session-specific context data

defaultImpl = (Settings) ObjectFactory.getObjectFactory().buildBean(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().loadClass(className), null);

} catch (Exception e) {

LOG.error("Settings: Could not instantiate the struts.configuration object, substituting the default implementation.", e);

}

}

} catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {

// ignore

在2.1.6中去掉了第四步:init_ZeroConfiguration();

第五步是自定义的configProviders

Java代码


private void init_CustomConfigurationProviders() {

//从这里可以看到可以将自定义的Provider定义在web.xml中FilterDispatcher的param中:configProviders

String configProvs = initParams.get("configProviders");

if (configProvs != null) {

String[] classes = configProvs.split("\\s*[,]\\s*");

for (String cname : classes) {

try {

Class cls = ClassLoaderUtils.loadClass(cname, this.getClass());

ConfigurationProvider prov = (ConfigurationProvider)cls.newInstance();

configurationManager.addConfigurationProvider(prov);

}

...

}

}

}

第六步:init_FilterInitParameters

Java代码


//从这里可以看出struts.properties中的属性不仅可以在struts.xml中以constant形式定义,而且可以在FilterDispatcher的param中定义

private void init_FilterInitParameters() {

configurationManager.addConfigurationProvider(new ConfigurationProvider() {

public void destroy() {}

public void init(Configuration configuration) throws ConfigurationException {}

public void loadPackages() throws ConfigurationException {}

public boolean needsReload() { return false; }

public void register(ContainerBuilder builder, LocatableProperties props) throws ConfigurationException {

props.putAll(initParams);//在这里实现滴~

}

});

}

第七步:init_AliasStandardObjects,使用BeanSelectionProvider

这是将配置文件中定义的<bean>与实际的类相映射,就是注入bean的依赖关系,这部分以后有时候再研究Container

接下来是看怎样调用这些ConfigurationProviders

展开init_PreloadConfiguration()

Java代码


private Container init_PreloadConfiguration() {

Configuration config = configurationManager.getConfiguration();

Container container = config.getContainer();

boolean reloadi18n = Boolean.valueOf(container.getInstance(String.class, StrutsConstants.STRUTS_I18N_RELOAD));

LocalizedTextUtil.setReloadBundles(reloadi18n);

return container;

}

//再看getConfiguration()

public synchronized Configuration getConfiguration() {

if (configuration == null) {

setConfiguration(new DefaultConfiguration(defaultFrameworkBeanName));

try {

//重点就是这个reloadContainer

configuration.reloadContainer(getContainerProviders());

} catch (ConfigurationException e) {

setConfiguration(null);

throw new ConfigurationException("Unable to load configuration.", e);

}

} else {

conditionalReload();

}

return configuration;

}

展开DefaultConfiguration中的reloadContainer

Java代码


public synchronized List<PackageProvider> reloadContainer(List<ContainerProvider> providers) throws ConfigurationException {

packageContexts.clear();

loadedFileNames.clear();

List<PackageProvider> packageProviders = new ArrayList<PackageProvider>();

//Struts2(xwork2)用Container来完成依赖注入的功能

//首先初始化一个ContainerBuilder,再由builder来保存接口与实现类或工厂类的对应关系

//然后通过builder.create(boolean)方法产生container

//由container.getInstance(Class);就可以得到接口的实现实例了

//这一部分比较复杂,后面研究完成了,会单独拿出来讲,这里先弄清楚Xwork依赖注入的实现步骤就可以了

ContainerProperties props = new ContainerProperties();

ContainerBuilder builder = new ContainerBuilder();

for (final ContainerProvider containerProvider : providers)

{

//循环调用ConfigurationProvider的init和register方法,明白了吧,在这里统一循环调用

containerProvider.init(this);

containerProvider.register(builder, props);

}

props.setConstants(builder);

//注入依赖关系,在这里并不产生实例

builder.factory(Configuration.class, new Factory<Configuration>() {

public Configuration create(Context context) throws Exception {

return DefaultConfiguration.this;

}

});

ActionContext oldContext = ActionContext.getContext();

try {

// Set the bootstrap container for the purposes of factory creation

Container bootstrap = createBootstrapContainer();

setContext(bootstrap);

//create已经注入依赖关系的Container

container = builder.create(false);

setContext(container);

objectFactory = container.getInstance(ObjectFactory.class);

// Process the configuration providers first

for (final ContainerProvider containerProvider : providers)

{

if (containerProvider instanceof PackageProvider) {

container.inject(containerProvider);

//调用PackageProvider的loadPackages()方法,这里主要是针对XmlConfigurationProvider和StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider

((PackageProvider)containerProvider).loadPackages();

packageProviders.add((PackageProvider)containerProvider);

}

}

// Then process any package providers from the plugins

Set<String> packageProviderNames = container.getInstanceNames(PackageProvider.class);

if (packageProviderNames != null) {

for (String name : packageProviderNames) {

PackageProvider provider = container.getInstance(PackageProvider.class, name);

provider.init(this);

provider.loadPackages();

packageProviders.add(provider);

}

}

rebuildRuntimeConfiguration();

} finally {

if (oldContext == null) {

ActionContext.setContext(null);

}

}

return packageProviders;

}


Struts2源码阅读(五)_FilterDispatcher核心控制器

博客分类:

Struts2

StrutsApacheJSPBeanGo

Dispatcher已经在之前讲过,这就好办了。FilterDispatcher是Struts2的核心控制器,首先看一下init()方法。

Java代码


public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {

try {

this.filterConfig = filterConfig;

initLogging();

//创建dispatcher,前面都已经讲过啰

dispatcher = createDispatcher(filterConfig);

dispatcher.init();

//注入将FilterDispatcher中的变量通过container注入,如下面的staticResourceLoader

dispatcher.getContainer().inject(this);

//StaticContentLoader在BeanSelectionProvider中已经被注入了依赖关系:DefaultStaticContentLoader

//可以在struts-default.xml中的<bean>可以找到

staticResourceLoader.setHostConfig(new FilterHostConfig(filterConfig));

} finally {

ActionContext.setContext(null);

}

}

Java代码


//下面来看DefaultStaticContentLoader的setHostConfig

public void setHostConfig(HostConfig filterConfig) {

//读取初始参数pakages,调用parse(),解析成类似/org/apache/struts2/static,/template的数组

String param = filterConfig.getInitParameter("packages");

//"org.apache.struts2.static template org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging static"

String packages = getAdditionalPackages();

if (param != null) {

packages = param + " " + packages;

}

this.pathPrefixes = parse(packages);

initLogging(filterConfig);

}

现在回去doFilter的方法,每当有一个Request,都会调用这些Filters的doFilter方法

Java代码


public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {

HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;

HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;

ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();

String timerKey = "FilterDispatcher_doFilter: ";

try {

// FIXME: this should be refactored better to not duplicate work with the action invocation

//先看看ValueStackFactory所注入的实现类OgnlValueStackFactory

//new OgnlValueStack

ValueStack stack = dispatcher.getContainer().getInstance(ValueStackFactory.class).createValueStack();

ActionContext ctx = new ActionContext(stack.getContext());

ActionContext.setContext(ctx);

UtilTimerStack.push(timerKey);

//如果是multipart/form-data就用MultiPartRequestWrapper进行包装

//MultiPartRequestWrapper是StrutsRequestWrapper的子类,两者都是HttpServletRequest实现

//此时在MultiPartRequestWrapper中就会把Files给解析出来,用于文件上传

//所有request都会StrutsRequestWrapper进行包装,StrutsRequestWrapper是可以访问ValueStack

//下面是参见Dispatcher的wrapRequest

// String content_type = request.getContentType();

//if(content_type!= null&&content_type.indexOf("multipart/form-data")!=-1){

//MultiPartRequest multi =getContainer().getInstance(MultiPartRequest.class);

//request =new MultiPartRequestWrapper(multi,request,getSaveDir(servletContext));

//} else {

// request = new StrutsRequestWrapper(request);

// }

request = prepareDispatcherAndWrapRequest(request, response);

ActionMapping mapping;

try {

//根据url取得对应的Action的配置信息

//看一下注入的DefaultActionMapper的getMapping()方法.Action的配置信息存储在 ActionMapping对象中

mapping = actionMapper.getMapping(request, dispatcher.getConfigurationManager());

} catch (Exception ex) {

log.error("error getting ActionMapping", ex);

dispatcher.sendError(request, response, servletContext, HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, ex);

return;

}

//如果找不到对应的action配置,则直接返回。比如你输入***.jsp等等

//这儿有个例外,就是如果path是以“/struts”开头,则到初始参数packages配置的包路径去查找对应的静态资源并输出到页面流中,当然.class文件除外。如果再没有则跳转到404

if (mapping == null) {

// there is no action in this request, should we look for a static resource?

String resourcePath = RequestUtils.getServletPath(request);

if ("".equals(resourcePath) && null != request.getPathInfo()) {

resourcePath = request.getPathInfo();

}

if (staticResourceLoader.canHandle(resourcePath)) {

// 在DefaultStaticContentLoader中:return serveStatic && (resourcePath.startsWith("/struts") || resourcePath.startsWith("/static"));

staticResourceLoader.findStaticResource(resourcePath, request, response);

} else {

// this is a normal request, let it pass through

chain.doFilter(request, response);

}

// The framework did its job here

return;

}

//正式开始Action的方法

dispatcher.serviceAction(request, response, servletContext, mapping);

} finally {

try {

ActionContextCleanUp.cleanUp(req);

} finally {

UtilTimerStack.pop(timerKey);

}

}

}

Java代码


//下面是ActionMapper接口的实现类 DefaultActionMapper的getMapping()方法的源代码:

public ActionMapping getMapping(HttpServletRequest request,

ConfigurationManager configManager) {

ActionMapping mapping = new ActionMapping();

String uri = getUri(request);//得到请求路径的URI,如:testAtcion.action或testAction.do

int indexOfSemicolon = uri.indexOf(";");//修正url的带;jsessionid 时找不到而且的bug

uri = (indexOfSemicolon > -1) ? uri.substring(0, indexOfSemicolon) : uri;

uri = dropExtension(uri, mapping);//删除扩展名,默认扩展名为action

if (uri == null) {

return null;

}

parseNameAndNamespace(uri, mapping, configManager);//匹配Action的name和namespace

handleSpecialParameters(request, mapping);//去掉重复参数

//如果Action的name没有解析出来,直接返回

    if (mapping.getName() == null) {

      returnnull;

    }

    //下面处理形如testAction!method格式的请求路径

    if (allowDynamicMethodCalls) {

      // handle "name!method" convention.

      String name = mapping.getName();

      int exclamation = name.lastIndexOf("!");//!是Action名称和方法名的分隔符

      if (exclamation != -1) {

        mapping.setName(name.substring(0, exclamation));//提取左边为name

        mapping.setMethod(name.substring(exclamation + 1));//提取右边的method

      }

    }

return mapping;

}

从代码中看出,getMapping()方法返回ActionMapping类型的对象,该对象包含三个参数:Action的name、namespace和要调用的方法method。

  如果getMapping()方法返回ActionMapping对象为null,则FilterDispatcher认为用户请求不是Action,自然另当别论,FilterDispatcher会做一件非常有意思的事:如果请求以/struts开头,会自动查找在web.xml文件中配置的 packages初始化参数,就像下面这样(注意粗斜体部分):

Xml代码


<filter>

<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>

<filter-class>

org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher

</filter-class>

<init-param>

<param-name>packages</param-name>

<param-value>com.lizanhong.action</param-value>

</init-param>

lt;/filter>

  FilterDispatcher会将com.lizanhong.action包下的文件当作静态资源处理,即直接在页面上显示文件内容,不过会忽略扩展名为class的文件。比如在com.lizanhong.action包下有一个aaa.txt的文本文件,其内容为“中华人民共和国”,访问 http://localhost:8081/Struts2Demo/struts/aaa.txt时会输出txt中的内容

FilterDispatcher.findStaticResource()方法

Java代码


protectedvoid findStaticResource(String name, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {

  if (!name.endsWith(".class")) {//忽略class文件

    //遍历packages参数

    for (String pathPrefix : pathPrefixes) {

      InputStream is = findInputStream(name, pathPrefix);//读取请求文件流

      if (is != null) {

        ...

        // set the content-type header

        String contentType = getContentType(name);//读取内容类型

        if (contentType != null) {

          response.setContentType(contentType);//重新设置内容类型

        }

       ...

        try {

         //将读取到的文件流以每次复制4096个字节的方式循环输出

          copy(is, response.getOutputStream());

        } finally {

          is.close();

        }

        return;

      }

    }

  }

}

如果用户请求的资源不是以/struts开头——可能是.jsp文件,也可能是.html文件,则通过过滤器链继续往下传送,直到到达请求的资源为止。

如果getMapping()方法返回有效的ActionMapping对象,则被认为正在请求某个Action,将调用 Dispatcher.serviceAction(request, response, servletContext, mapping)方法,该方法是处理Action的关键所在。

下面就来看serviceAction,这又回到全局变量dispatcher中了

Java代码


//Load Action class for mapping and invoke the appropriate Action method, or go directly to the Result.

public void serviceAction(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, ServletContext context,

ActionMapping mapping) throws ServletException {

//createContextMap方法主要把Application、Session、Request的key value值拷贝到Map中

Map<String, Object> extraContext = createContextMap(request, response, mapping, context);

// If there was a previous value stack, then create a new copy and pass it in to be used by the new Action

ValueStack stack = (ValueStack) request.getAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY);

boolean nullStack = stack == null;

if (nullStack) {

ActionContext ctx = ActionContext.getContext();

if (ctx != null) {

stack = ctx.getValueStack();

}

}

if (stack != null) {

extraContext.put(ActionContext.VALUE_STACK, valueStackFactory.createValueStack(stack));

}

String timerKey = "Handling request from Dispatcher";

try {

UtilTimerStack.push(timerKey);

String namespace = mapping.getNamespace();

String name = mapping.getName();

String method = mapping.getMethod();

Configuration config = configurationManager.getConfiguration();

//创建一个Action的代理对象,ActionProxyFactory是创建ActionProxy的工厂

//参考实现类:DefaultActionProxy和DefaultActionProxyFactory

ActionProxy proxy = config.getContainer().getInstance(ActionProxyFactory.class).createActionProxy(

namespace, name, method, extraContext, true, false);

request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY, proxy.getInvocation().getStack());

// if the ActionMapping says to go straight to a result, do it!

//如果是Result,则直接转向,关于Result,ActionProxy,ActionInvocation下一讲中再分析

if (mapping.getResult() != null) {

Result result = mapping.getResult();

result.execute(proxy.getInvocation());

} else {

//执行Action

proxy.execute();

}

// If there was a previous value stack then set it back onto the request

if (!nullStack) {

request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY, stack);

}

} catch (ConfigurationException e) {

// WW-2874 Only log error if in devMode

if(devMode) {

LOG.error("Could not find action or result", e);

}

else {

LOG.warn("Could not find action or result", e);

}

sendError(request, response, context, HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND, e);

} catch (Exception e) {

sendError(request, response, context, HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, e);

} finally {

UtilTimerStack.pop(timerKey);

}

}


Struts2源码阅读(六)_ActionProxy&ActionInvocation

博客分类:

Struts2

SpringStrutsBeanAccess

下面开始讲一下主菜ActionProxy了.在这之前最好先去了解一下动态Proxy的基本知识.

ActionProxy是Action的一个代理类,也就是说Action的调用是通过ActionProxy实现的,其实就是调用了ActionProxy.execute()方法,而该方法又调用了ActionInvocation.invoke()方法。归根到底,最后调用的是DefaultActionInvocation.invokeAction()方法。

DefaultActionInvocation()->init()->createAction()。

最后通过调用ActionProxy.exute()-->ActionInvocation.invoke()-->Intercepter.intercept()-->ActionInvocation.invokeActionOnly()-->invokeAction()

这里的步骤是先由ActionProxyFactory创建ActionInvocation和ActionProxy.

Java代码


public ActionProxy createActionProxy(String namespace, String actionName, String methodName, Map<String, Object> extraContext, boolean executeResult, boolean cleanupContext) {

ActionInvocation inv = new DefaultActionInvocation(extraContext, true);

container.inject(inv);

return createActionProxy(inv, namespace, actionName, methodName, executeResult, cleanupContext);

}

下面先看DefaultActionInvocation的init方法

Java代码


public void init(ActionProxy proxy) {

this.proxy = proxy;

Map<String, Object> contextMap = createContextMap();

// Setting this so that other classes, like object factories, can use the ActionProxy and other

// contextual information to operate

ActionContext actionContext = ActionContext.getContext();

if (actionContext != null) {

actionContext.setActionInvocation(this);

}

//创建Action,struts2中每一个Request都会创建一个新的Action

createAction(contextMap);

if (pushAction) {

stack.push(action);

contextMap.put("action", action);

}

invocationContext = new ActionContext(contextMap);

invocationContext.setName(proxy.getActionName());

// get a new List so we don't get problems with the iterator if someone changes the list

List<InterceptorMapping> interceptorList = new ArrayList<InterceptorMapping>(proxy.getConfig().getInterceptors());

interceptors = interceptorList.iterator();

}

protected void createAction(Map<String, Object> contextMap) {

// load action

String timerKey = "actionCreate: " + proxy.getActionName();

try {

UtilTimerStack.push(timerKey);

//默认为SpringObjectFactory:struts.objectFactory=spring.这里非常巧妙,在struts.properties中可以重写这个属性

//在前面BeanSelectionProvider中通过配置文件为ObjectFactory设置实现类

//这里以Spring为例,这里会调到SpringObjectFactory的buildBean方法,可以通过ApplicationContext的getBean()方法得到Spring的Bean

action = objectFactory.buildAction(proxy.getActionName(), proxy.getNamespace(), proxy.getConfig(), contextMap);

} catch (InstantiationException e) {

throw new XWorkException("Unable to intantiate Action!", e, proxy.getConfig());

} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {

throw new XWorkException("Illegal access to constructor, is it public?", e, proxy.getConfig());

} catch (Exception e) {

...

} finally {

UtilTimerStack.pop(timerKey);

}

if (actionEventListener != null) {

action = actionEventListener.prepare(action, stack);

}

}

//SpringObjectFactory

public Object buildBean(String beanName, Map<String, Object> extraContext, boolean injectInternal) throws Exception {

Object o = null;

try {

//SpringObjectFactory会通过web.xml中的context-param:contextConfigLocation自动注入ClassPathXmlApplicationContext

o = appContext.getBean(beanName);

} catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException e) {

Class beanClazz = getClassInstance(beanName);

o = buildBean(beanClazz, extraContext);

}

if (injectInternal) {

injectInternalBeans(o);

}

return o;

}

Java代码


//接下来看看DefaultActionInvocation 的invoke方法

public String invoke() throws Exception {

String profileKey = "invoke: ";

try {

UtilTimerStack.push(profileKey);

if (executed) {

throw new IllegalStateException("Action has already executed");

}

//递归执行interceptor

if (interceptors.hasNext()) {

//interceptors是InterceptorMapping实际上是像一个像FilterChain一样的Interceptor链

//通过调用Invocation.invoke()实现递归牡循环

final InterceptorMapping interceptor = (InterceptorMapping) interceptors.next();

String interceptorMsg = "interceptor: " + interceptor.getName();

UtilTimerStack.push(interceptorMsg);

try {

//在每个Interceptor的方法中都会return invocation.invoke()

resultCode = interceptor.getInterceptor().intercept(DefaultActionInvocation.this);

}

finally {

UtilTimerStack.pop(interceptorMsg);

}

} else {

//当所有interceptor都执行完,最后执行Action,invokeActionOnly会调用invokeAction()方法

resultCode = invokeActionOnly();

}

// this is needed because the result will be executed, then control will return to the Interceptor, which will

// return above and flow through again

//在Result返回之前调用preResultListeners

//通过executed控制,只执行一次

if (!executed) {

if (preResultListeners != null) {

for (Object preResultListener : preResultListeners) {

PreResultListener listener = (PreResultListener) preResultListener;

String _profileKey = "preResultListener: ";

try {

UtilTimerStack.push(_profileKey);

listener.beforeResult(this, resultCode);

}

finally {

UtilTimerStack.pop(_profileKey);

}

}

}

// now execute the result, if we're supposed to

//执行Result

if (proxy.getExecuteResult()) {

executeResult();

}

executed = true;

}

return resultCode;

}

finally {

UtilTimerStack.pop(profileKey);

}

}

//invokeAction

protected String invokeAction(Object action,ActionConfig actionConfig)throws Exception{

String methodName = proxy.getMethod();

String timerKey = "invokeAction: " + proxy.getActionName();

try {

UtilTimerStack.push(timerKey);

boolean methodCalled = false;

Object methodResult = null;

Method method = null;

try {

//java反射机制得到要执行的方法

method = getAction().getClass().getMethod(methodName, new Class[0]);

} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {

// hmm -- OK, try doXxx instead

//如果没有对应的方法,则使用do+Xxxx来再次获得方法

try {

String altMethodName = "do" + methodName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + methodName.substring(1);

method = getAction().getClass().getMethod(altMethodName, new Class[0]);

} catch (NoSuchMethodException e1) {

// well, give the unknown handler a shot

if (unknownHandlerManager.hasUnknownHandlers()) {

try {

methodResult = unknownHandlerManager.handleUnknownMethod(action, methodName);

methodCalled = true;

} catch (NoSuchMethodException e2) {

// throw the original one

throw e;

}

} else {

throw e;

}

}

}

//执行Method

if (!methodCalled) {

methodResult = method.invoke(action, new Object[0]);

}

//从这里可以看出可以Action的方法可以返回String去匹配Result,也可以直接返回Result类

if (methodResult instanceof Result) {

this.explicitResult = (Result) methodResult;

// Wire the result automatically

container.inject(explicitResult);

return null;

} else {

return (String) methodResult;

}

} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {

throw new IllegalArgumentException("The " + methodName + "() is not defined in action " + getAction().getClass() + "");

} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {

// We try to return the source exception.

Throwable t = e.getTargetException();

if (actionEventListener != null) {

String result = actionEventListener.handleException(t, getStack());

if (result != null) {

return result;

}

}

if (t instanceof Exception) {

throw (Exception) t;

} else {

throw e;

}

} finally {

UtilTimerStack.pop(timerKey);

}

}

action执行完了,还要根据ResultConfig返回到view,也就是在invoke方法中调用executeResult方法。

Java代码


private void executeResult() throws Exception {

//根据ResultConfig创建Result

result = createResult();

String timerKey = "executeResult: " + getResultCode();

try {

UtilTimerStack.push(timerKey);

if (result != null) {

//开始执行Result,

//可以参考Result的实现,如用了比较多的ServletDispatcherResult,ServletActionRedirectResult,ServletRedirectResult

result.execute(this);

} else if (resultCode != null && !Action.NONE.equals(resultCode)) {

throw new ConfigurationException("No result defined for action " + getAction().getClass().getName()

+ " and result " + getResultCode(), proxy.getConfig());

} else {

if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {

LOG.debug("No result returned for action " + getAction().getClass().getName() + " at " + proxy.getConfig().getLocation());

}

}

} finally {

UtilTimerStack.pop(timerKey);

}

}

public Result createResult() throws Exception {

//如果Action中直接返回的Result类型,在invokeAction()保存在explicitResult

if (explicitResult != null) {

Result ret = explicitResult;

explicitResult = null;

return ret;

}

//返回的是String则从config中得到当前Action的Results列表

ActionConfig config = proxy.getConfig();

Map<String, ResultConfig> results = config.getResults();

ResultConfig resultConfig = null;

synchronized (config) {

try {

//通过返回的String来匹配resultConfig

resultConfig = results.get(resultCode);

} catch (NullPointerException e) {

// swallow

}

if (resultConfig == null) {

// If no result is found for the given resultCode, try to get a wildcard '*' match.

//如果找不到对应name的ResultConfig,则使用name为*的Result

//说明可以用*通配所有的Result

resultConfig = results.get("*");

}

}

if (resultConfig != null) {

try {

//创建Result

return objectFactory.buildResult(resultConfig, invocationContext.getContextMap());

} catch (Exception e) {

LOG.error("There was an exception while instantiating the result of type " + resultConfig.getClassName(), e);

throw new XWorkException(e, resultConfig);

}

} else if (resultCode != null && !Action.NONE.equals(resultCode) && unknownHandlerManager.hasUnknownHandlers()) {

return unknownHandlerManager.handleUnknownResult(invocationContext, proxy.getActionName(), proxy.getConfig(), resultCode);

}

return null;

}

public Result buildResult(ResultConfig resultConfig, Map<String, Object> extraContext) throws Exception {

String resultClassName = resultConfig.getClassName();

Result result = null;

if (resultClassName != null) {

//buildBean中会用反射机制Class.newInstance来创建bean

result = (Result) buildBean(resultClassName, extraContext);

Map<String, String> params = resultConfig.getParams();

if (params != null) {

for (Map.Entry<String, String> paramEntry : params.entrySet()) {

try {

//reflectionProvider参见OgnlReflectionProvider;

//resultConfig.getParams()就是result配置文件里所配置的参数<param></param>

//setProperties方法最终调用的是Ognl类的setValue方法

//这句其实就是把param名值设置到根对象result上

reflectionProvider.setProperty(paramEntry.getKey(), paramEntry.getValue(), result, extraContext, true);

} catch (ReflectionException ex) {

if (LOG.isErrorEnabled())

LOG.error("Unable to set parameter [#0] in result of type [#1]", ex,

paramEntry.getKey(), resultConfig.getClassName());

if (result instanceof ReflectionExceptionHandler) {

((ReflectionExceptionHandler) result).handle(ex);

}

}

}

}

}

return result;

}

最后看一张在网上看到的一个调用流程图作为参考:

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