springamqp的exchange

参考博客地址：http://www.infoq.com/cn/articles/AMQP-RabbitMQ/、http://www.open-open.com/lib/view/open1453350095355.html

rabbitmq安装地址：http://blog.csdn.net/xia744510124/article/details/51226310

exchange：是一个交换器，负责将生产者生产的消息，选择性交给与它绑定哪个queue，然后通过queue由消费者消费queue中的消息。

exchange的类型有四种：direct、fanout、topic、header

direct:直接交换器，工作方式类似于单播，Exchange会将消息发送完全匹配ROUTING_KEY的Queue

fanout:广播是式交换器，不管消息的ROUTING_KEY设置为什么，Exchange都会将消息转发给所有绑定的queue

topic:交换器用过模式匹配分析消息的routing-key属性。它将routing-key和binding-key的字符串切分成单词。这些单词之间用点隔开。它同样也会识别两个通配符：#匹配0个或者多个单词，*匹配一个单词(记住单词和点分割符)

headers:消息体的header匹配（忽略）

依赖包

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId>
<version>1.5.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

direct交换方式配置文件

在applicaionContext_1.xml中

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit-1.5.xsd"> <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory"
host="xxxxxx" port="5672" username="xxxxxx" password="xxxxxx" />
<!-- <property name="channelCacheSize" value="25"/> -->
<rabbit:template id="amqpTemplate" connection-factory="connectionFactory" reply-timeout="2000" />
<rabbit:admin connection-factory="connectionFactory" />
<rabbit:queue name="hello" />
<rabbit:queue name="world" />
<rabbit:direct-exchange name="direct.exchange">
<rabbit:bindings>
<!--将hello与exchange绑定，并指定一个binding-key-->
<rabbit:binding queue="hello" key="binding" />
<!--将world与exchange绑定，并指定一个binding-key-->
<rabbit:binding queue="world" key="binding" />
</rabbit:bindings>
</rabbit:direct-exchange>
</beans>

测试代码

@Test
public void testWithNameAndPassword() {
ApplicationContext acc = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext_1.xml");
AmqpTemplate template = acc.getBean(AmqpTemplate.class);
//发送消息并指定exchange和routing-key
template.send("direct.exchange", "binding", new Message("nihao".getBytes(), new MessageProperties()));
((AbstractApplicationContext) acc).destroy();
}

代码没执行前Rabbitmq：



可以看到没有任何queue



只存在默认的exchange，没有我们定义名为remoting.exchange的exchange

代码执行后的Rabbitmq：



生成了我们定义的hello、world queue，并队列里面有了一条消息？生产者发布消息的时候会带一个routing-key到指定的exchange，让后exchange根据binding-key和routing-key匹配关系，将消息发到匹配的queue中去



生成了direct.exchange

topic交换方式配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit-1.5.xsd"> <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory"
host="xxxxxx" port="5672" username="xxxxxx" password="xxxxxx" />
<!-- <property name="channelCacheSize" value="25"/> -->
<rabbit:template id="amqpTemplate" connection-factory="connectionFactory" reply-timeout="2000" />
<rabbit:admin connection-factory="connectionFactory" />
<rabbit:queue name="hello" />
<rabbit:queue name="world" />
<rabbit:topic-exchange name="topic.exchange">
<rabbit:bindings>
<!--绑定queue hello和匹配模式 *匹配一个单词-->
<rabbit:binding queue="hello" pattern="he.*" />
<!--绑定queue world和匹配模式 #匹配多个单词-->
<rabbit:binding queue="world" pattern="he.#" />
</rabbit:bindings>
</rabbit:topic-exchange>
</beans>

测试代码：

@Test
public void testWithNameAndPassword() {
@SuppressWarnings("resource")
ApplicationContext acc = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext_1.xml");
AmqpTemplate template = acc.getBean(AmqpTemplate.class);
template.send("topic.exchange", "he.he", new Message("nihao".getBytes(), new MessageProperties()));
((AbstractApplicationContext) acc).destroy();
}

接着direct运行结果再次运行程序



两个队列又多了一条消息?hello的binding-key为he.*,world的binding-key为he.#,发布消息传的routing-key为he.he,显然hello，world队列都能匹配上，所以exchange会把消息都传给它们



生成了topic.exchange并且type为topic

fanout与header就不演示了！